한국프로야구 (KBO) 외국인 선수들의 재계약에 적응이 미치는 영향

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공, 2021. 2. 강준호.The purpose of this research is to explore the adaptation on foreign players in Korea Baseball Organization (KBO). The study will focus on the factors of adaptation, adaptation process, and the consequences of adaptation. Adaptation is defined as baseball culture and general culture experienced by foreign players both on and off the field. Foreign players, who played in the past or currently playing, were interviewed in-depth under semi-structured format. The transcription of data is used to analyze the hierarchy format of categorizing the themes. Under higher order theme, ‘Best part of Korea (On-field: Internal)’, ‘Best part of Korea (Off-field: External)’, and ‘Challenges and Difficulties’ are categorized to identify the positive and negative factors affecting the adaptation process. Each categories have low order theme as listed factors such as Teammates, Team environment, Fans, Baseball culture, Equipment, Field condition, Balls, Foods, Living environment, General culture, Language, Family, Time difference, and Trust. The most frequently cited themes by the participants, who played in KBO in the past, were Teammates, Foods, and Family and Language. The most repeatedly mentioned themes by the participants, who currently play in KBO, were Ball and Field condition, General culture, and Trust. The result indicates different groups focused on different factors: Past KBO group emphasized external factors, whereas Current KBO group focused on internal factors. By comparing the statistical data and the history of re-signing records, the participants who focused on internal adaptation factors, Current KBO group, tend to have better performance and have higher chance to re-sign. The participants who paid more attention to external factors, Past KBO group, tend to have poor performance and less chance to re-sign. The chances of re-signing the following contracts depended on the performance level through adaptation factors, and adaptation on internal factors were significantly more important than the adaptation on external factors.본 연구는 한국야구협회(KBO, Korea Baseball Organization)에 속한 외국인 선수들의 적응 요인, 적응 과정 그리고 적응 결과에 관한 연구이다. 연구에서의 ‘적응' 은 필드 안팎에서 외국인 선수들이 경험하는 야구 문화와 현지 문화에 대한 적응으로 한정한다. 연구는 다음과 같이 진행되었다. 먼저 과거에 KBO에서 뛰었거나 현재 뛰고있는 외국인 선수들을 대상으로 반구조적 형식의 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 인터뷰 전사는 주제 범주 위계를 분석하는데 사용하였다. ‘한국이 적응에 유리한 부분 (필드 안 내부 요인)’, ‘한국이 적응에 유리한 부분 (필드 밖 외부 요인)’, 그리고 ‘도전과 어려움' 을 적응 과정의 긍정 및 부정 요인을 식별하는 가장 상위 범주로 정의하였다. 각 범주는 팀원, 팀 환경, 팬, 야구 문화, 장비, 그라운드 컨디션, 야구공, 음식, 생활 환경, 일반적인 한국 문화, 언어, 가족, 시차, 신뢰와 같은 하위 주제로 분류하여 연구되었다. 적응 과정을 확인하기 위해 인터뷰에서 가장 많이 언급된 요인들이 어떤 비중을 차지하였는지 코딩 작업을 통해 확인하였고, 이후 적응 결과로 평가될 수 있는 해당 선수의 재계약 데이터를 비교하였다. 인터뷰에 따라 과거에 KBO에서 뛰었던 선수들과 현재 KBO에서 뛰고 있는 선수들이 각기 다른 요인에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 결과가 도출되었다. 과거에 KBO에서 뛰었던 선수들이 가장 많이 언급한 주제는 팀원, 음식, 가족, 언어였다. 현재 KBO에서 뛰고있는 선수들이 가장 많이 언급한 주제는 야구공, 그라운드 컨디션, 일반적인 한국 문화, 신뢰였다. 과거에 KBO에서 뛰었던 선수들이 외부 요인을 강조한 반면, 현재 KBO에서 뛰고 있는 선수들은 내부 요인을 강조했다. 인터뷰 데이터와 재계약 데이터를 비교한 결과, 내부 적응 요인을 강조한 현재 KBO에서 뛰고 있는 선수 그룹이 더 좋은 경기 성과를 냈으며 재계약의 가능성 또한 높은 경향이 나타났다. 외부 적응 요인을 강조한 과거 KBO에서 뛰었던 선수 그룹은 상대적으로 경기 성과가 낮았으며 재계약의 기회 또한 적었다. 재계약의 기회는 적응 요인 중 하나인 경기 성과 정도에 달려있었으며, 경기 성과에 미치는 영향은 내부 요인에 대한 적응이 외부 요인에 대한 적응보다 상대적으로 더욱 중요했다.Table of Contents Abstract Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Study Background 1 1.2. Research Purpose 8 1.3. Research Questions 16 1.4. Significance of Study 17 Chapter 2. Literature Review 18 2.1. International Labor Migration Theory 20 2.2. Cross-cultural Adaptation Theory 27 2.3. Adaptation Theory 31 Chapter 3. Methodology 36 3.1. Participants 36 3.2. Data Collection 38 3.3. Data Analysis 39 Chapter 4. Results 42 4.1. Data Interpretation 42 4.2. Factors influence the adaptation (Internal & External) 43 4.3. Adaptation Process (Internal & External) 71 4.3.1. Past Korea/KBO experienced players 72 4.3.2. Current Korea/KBO experience players 75 4.4. The Consequences of Adaptation 78 Chapter 5. Discussion and Conclusion 82 5.1. Discussion 82 5.2. Limitations and Future Directions 87 5.3. Conclusion 89 References 91 Appendix 108 Abstract (국문초록) 111Maste

코로나19 상황에서 스포츠 관중 동기 요인이 스포츠 미디어 소비에 미치는 영향

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공, 2022. 8. LIM, Choonghoon.The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that affect the consumer’s intention to watch the professional sports through the media in the Corona era. Many existing studies have analyzed factors that affect consumers' intention to watch sports, but not many have studied corona-related factors together, so one of categories of factors that was examined at this study is related to the existing factors affecting consumer's intention to watch the sports which has examined by several previous studies and the other category is a factor that related to one of the most global disaster in these days, Corona pandemic and related to media. The rapid spread of coronavirus infection (Covid-19), which began in late 2019, has had a strong impact on the world in many areas. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Pandemic, the top level of infectious disease warning, daily activities such as a private meeting and going out, travel between regions and countries have been restricted, and the professional sports industry was one of the industries most affected by covid19. Due to one of the characteristics of professional sports in which a large crowd of spectators is gathered in a particular venue to watch the game, most of the national/international professional sports leagues have been suspended or cancelled indefinitely, and some resumed leagues have been managed with no spectator or with a limited spectator’s admission. Under these unexpected and unfavourable conditions, professional sports leagues expanded the way of watching the match through the various media systems and non-face-to-face watching such as video cheering, so this study was conducted to examine the factors that affect the consumer’s intention to watch the sports through the media with changing the times. To find out the impacted factors for watching the match through the media, the questionnaire was distributed online to survey targets, and 300 data was used in the actual analysis except for the data which was answered insincerely or are not available in this study, and the analyzable data was entered individually into the computer and then the ‘SPSS for Windows statistics program’ was used for data analysis. The result of this study confirmed that the higher the ‘attractive factor of the game itself’ and the ‘media familiarity factor’, the higher the ‘intention to watch the match through the media’, on the other hand the ‘team identification factor’ do not affect the intention to watch the match through the media. Based on that result, this study will be used as a basis for the development and operation of marketing techniques that can help maximize profits by securing fans, one of the most important elements of professional sports, through which advertising and sponsorship are facilitated for the professional sport teams and related association and federations.이 연구의 목적은‘코로나’라는 특수한 상황에서 소비자의 미디어를 통한 스포츠 소비에 어떠한 요소가 영향을 미치는지 연구하기 위함이다. 기존의 많은 연구에서 소비자의 스포츠 시청에 대한 주제가 다뤄졌지만, 코로나와 관련한 요소를 함께 연구한 사례는 많지 않았으며, 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 연구에서 규명되었던 소비자의 스포츠 소비에 영향을 미치는 기존 요소와 함께 코로나와 관련된 요소, 그리고 미디어와 관련된 요소를 함께 조사하였다. 2019년 말부터 전 세계적으로 급속한 확산이 이루어진 코로나19는 다양한 분야에서 전 세계적으로 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 세계보건기구(WHO)가 코로나19를 판데믹으로 규정한 이후, 재난경보 1등급이 발효되었으며, 사적 모임과 외출, 지역 및 국가 간 여행과 같은 모든 일상 생활은 제한되었다, 그리고, 프로스포츠 산업은 코로나19로 인해 가장 많은 영향을 받은 산업 중 하나가 되었다. 많은 관중이 한 장소에 모여 경기를 관전하는 프로스포츠의 고유한 특성 상, 대부분의 국내/국외 프로스포츠 리그는 급작 스럽게 중단 또는 취소되었으며, 일부 재개된 리그는 무관중으로 경기를 진행하거나 제한된 관중만을 수용하게 되었다. 이러한 예상치 못하고 익숙치 않은 상황 하에서, 프로스포츠 리그는 다양한 미디어 시스템 활용 및 화상 응원과 같은 비대면 시청을 확대하였으며, 이에 본 연구는 이렇게 변화된 환경 하에서 미디어를 통해 스포츠를 시청하고자 하는 소비자의 의도에 어떠한 요소가 영향을 미치는지를 연구하고자 하였다. 미디어를 통한 스포츠 시청에 영향을 미치는 요소를 확인하기 위하여, 온라인을 통해 설문지가 배포되었으며, 부적절하거나 부정확한 응답이 기록된 설문지를 제외한 총 300개의 설문지가 조사에 활용되었다. 수집된 데이터는 컴퓨터에 입력된 후 SPSS 프로그램을 통하여 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과, ‘경기 자체의 매력’요소와 ‘미디어 친밀도’ 요소가 높을수록 ‘미디어를 통한 경기 시청 의도’가 높은 것으로 확인되었으며, 반면, ‘팀 동일시’ 요소는 미디어를 통한 경기 시청에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 토대로, 본 연구는프로스포츠 구단, 연맹, 협회의 광고 및 스폰서쉽을 위해 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나인 팬을 확보하기 위한 마케팅 기법의 개발과 운영에 도움이 될 수 있다고 판단된다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.1.1. The situation of Professional sport industry 1 1.1.2. Professional sport fans 2 1.2. Purpose 5 1.3. Research Questions 6 Chapter 2. Literature Review 7 2.1. Spectator 7 2.1.1. Goal of professional sports marketing 8 2.1.2. Factors that affect to fans 9 2.1.3. Consumer's behavior 11 2.2. Supporter 13 2.3.Sports media consumption 14 2.3.1. New media 15 Chapter 3. Methods 17 3.1. Participants 17 3.1.1. Target field 17 3.2. Data Collection 19 3.3. Instrument 20 3.4. Structure 21 3.5. Hypothesis 23 3.6. Procedure 25 Chapter 4. Findings 27 4.1. Composition for questionnaire 27 4.2. Frequency analysis 28 4.3. Correlation analysis for multicollinearity verification 29 4.4. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 30 4.5. Multiple regression analysis 33 Chapter 5. Conclusion 37 5.1. Implications for Theory and Practice 37 5.2. Limitations of the Research 41 5.3. Recommendations for Future Research 41 References 43 Appendix 52 국문초록 57석

물리적 메모리 비대칭성을 숨기는 가상화 기술 연구

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전산학과, 2011.2, [ v, 32 p. ]Virtualization has become popular to improve system utilization by consolidating multiple servers into one physical system. In addition to the improved utilization, other benefits of virtualization such as flexible resource management, fault isolation, and support for different operating systems, led to the increased interest in the virtualization. Virtualization changes the conventional computing structure. In the traditional computing structure, operating systems recognize the physical hardware asymmetry but the operating system in a virtual machine only knows the abstract hardware configuration provided by the hypervisor. In this environment, it is not meaningful that the operating system in a virtual machine recognizes the physical hardware asymmetry provided by the hypervisor. Because the virtual machine can migrate from a source machine to another machine with different hardware status. For example, virtual machines can migrate from a uniform memory access architecture machine to a non-uniform memory access architecture machine. In this situation, the hypervisor needs to be aware of the virtualized environment and provide the generalized abstract hardware to each virtual machine by converting the asymmetric hardware architecture to symmetric virtual hardware architecture. However, current virtualization technology cannot handle non-uniform memory architecture correctly. Thus we propose a scheduling policy which understands the non-uniform memory access architecture in the Xen virtual machine monitor. It is called NUMA-aware scheduling policy. In the NUMA-aware scheduling policy, the number of memory requests in each node is monitored by the hot page number sampling method. Based on the number of memory requests in each node, each virtual machine selects the favor node with frequent memory requests. The vCPUs in each virtual machine is scheduled in the favor node with a high priority. The NUMA-aware scheduling policy achieves 27% performance improvement i...한국과학기술원 : 전산학과

가상 클러스터에서 실행되는 병렬 컴퓨팅 프로그램의 성능 예측 및 배치 연구

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전산학부, 2016.2 ,[vii, 77 p. :]With the advancement of cloud computing, there has been a growing interest in exploiting demand-based cloud resources for parallel scientific applications. To satisfy different needs for computing resources, cloud providers provide many different types of virtual machines (VMs) with various numbers of computing cores and amounts of memory. The cost and execution time of a scientific application vary depending on the types of VMs, number of VMs, and current status of the cloud due to interference among VMs. However, currently, cloud users are solely responsible for selecting the most effective VM configuration for their needs, but often end up with sub-optimal selections. In this dissertation, using molecular dynamics simulations as a case study, we propose a framework to guide users to select the optimal VM configurations that satisfy their equirements for scientific parallel computing in virtualized clusters. For molecular dynamics computation on a cluster of VMs, the guidance framework uses artificial neural networks which are trained to predict its execution times for various inputs, VM configurations, and status of interference among VMs. Using our performance prediction mechanisms, the guidance framework helps users choose an optimal or near-optimal VM cluster configuration under cost and runtime constraints. However, estimating the execution time with status of interference does not guarantee the optimal utilization of entire cloud. Each application have different pattern of shared resource and it causes the performance variabilty of co-running application. Despite many prior studies on interference in single-node systems, the interference behaviors of distributed applications have not been investigated thoroughly. In distributed parallel applications, a local interference in a node can affect the whole execution of the application spanning many nodes. This dissertation studies an interference modeling methodology for distributed applications to predict the performance under interference in consolidated clusters. We characterize the effects of interference for various distributed applications over different interference settings, and analyzes how diverse interference intensities on the multiple nodes affect the performance. Using the proposed method, we develop a profile-based interference-aware placement algorithm based on simulated annealing to deal with two purposes, efficiently consolidate multiple distributed applications and QoS-Aware placement. Even though, profile-based interference-aware placement has a limitation due to its internal characteristic. First, profiling stage is needed before the new application scheduled. Second, the same kind of co-runner must be executed until the target workload ends. Third, several workload combination cannot be co-located due to the internal existance of interference for guaranting the high QoS. To solve limitation of profile-based study, we propose an on-line based interference aware performance estimation. By estimating the performance dynamically, the profile stage is needless, performance estimation is available even though the co-runner changes, and guaranting the target QoS for every workload combination is available by adjusting the cpu utilzation of co-runner.한국과학기술원 :전산학부

A Rational Design of Coin-type Lithium-metal Full Cell for Academic Research

코인형 전지는 리튬 이차 전지 연구의 주요 평가 플랫폼으로써 새로운 소재 및 개념을 발굴하고 차세대 전지의 기초 연구에도 큰 기여를 하고 있다. 리튬 금속 전지는 500 Wh kg−1 이상의 에너지 밀도를 구현할 수 있어 유망한 차세대 리튬 이차 전지 후보군으로 고려되고 있으나 , 덴 드라이트 형태의 리튬 전착과 함께 극심한 부피 변화 및 표면적 증가라는 성능 열화에 매우 취 약하다 . 특히 , 리튬 금속 전지의 수명은 전해질 양, 리튬 두께 , 내부 압력 등과 같은 전지 설계 및 구조에 매우 의존하기 때문에 코인셀 수준에서의 성능 평가 및 신뢰성에 치명적이다 . 따라서 , 기존 코인셀 구조를 개선한 리튬 금속 음극 특화 전지 설계 및 규격화가 요구된다 . 본 연구에 서는 상용수준에서의 주요 전지 설계 인자인 극소량의 전해질과 높은 양극 로딩 레벨 , 박막 리 튬 사용 등의 환경에서 성능 및 재현성을 확보한 코인셀 구조를 제안한다 . 양극과 음극의 면적 비를 1에 근접하게 제어하여 비활성 공간을 최소화하고 용량 저하현상을 완화시켰다 . 또한 , 코인 셀 내 압력을 정량화하여 압력의 균일성이 중요한 인자임을 규명하고 유연성 고분자 (PDMS) 필름 도입과 내부 부품의 변화를 통해 기존보다 높고 (0.6 MPa → 2.13 MPa) 균일한 압력 (표준편차 : 0.43 → 0.16)이 가하도록 개조하였다 . 이를 통해 최적의 설계를 정립을 통해 기존보 다 향상된 재현성을 확인하였다. Coin cell is a basic testing platform for battery research, discovering new materials and concepts, and contributing to fundamental research on next-generation batteries. Li metal batteries (LMBs) are promising since a high energy density (~500 Wh kg-1) is deliverable far beyond Li-ion. However, Li dendrite-triggered volume fluctuation and high surface cause severe deterioration of performance. Given that such drawbacks are strongly dependent on the cell parameters and structure, such as the amount of electrolyte, Li thickness, and internal pressure, reliable Li metal coin cell testing is challenging. For the LMB-specialized coin cell testing plat-form, this study suggests the optimal coin cell structure that secures performance and repro- ducibility of LMBs under stringent conditions, such as lean electrolyte, high mass loading of NMC cathode, and thinner Li use. By controlling the cathode/anode (C/A) area ratio closer to 1.0, the inactive space was minimized, mitigating the cell degradation. The quantification and imaging of inner cell pressure elucidated that the uniformity of the pressure is a crucial matter to improving performance reliability. The LMB coin cells exhibit better cycling retention and reproducibility under higher (0.6 MPa → 2.13 MPa) and uniform (standard deviation: 0.43 → 0.16) stack pressure through the changes in internal parts and introducing a flexible polymer (PDMS) film.FALS

Stabilizing Zinc-powder Based Composite Anode for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries Material Using Pulse Method Process

아연 분말 기반 음극 소재의 도입을 통한 비발화, 유효 전류 밀도 감소, 높은 가공 특성의 차세대 전지 를 구현할 수 있으나, 전극 제조법 및 소재에서의 최적화 연구가 전무하다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 도전재와 바 인더를 도입하여 수계 아연 전지용 아연 분말 기반의 복합 음극 안정화 및 최적 효율과 구조적 안정성을 가 진 아연 분말 기반 음극 제조법을 확립하였다. Aqueous zinc (Zn) ion batteries (AZIB) has various advantages compared to other metal-based batteriessuch as high gravimetric capacity, low reduction potential, and intrinsic safety. Furthermore, Zn powdershows more flexible processing technology and lower current density due to its large surface area. However,because Zn powder has problems with uncontrolled dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), indicating that improvements of the performance and the stability are still limited. To solve theproblem, this study searches the best method for stabilizing aqueous Zn powder battery anode by adjusting conductiveagents and binders, which have appropriate hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity to maintain the stabilityof electrode. Therefore, the possibility of Zn powder composite electrode as anode was confirmed for the nextgenerationenergy storage systems (ESSs) batteries.FALSEkcikci_cand