42 research outputs found

    Surgical Management of Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy in Hypertropia 16 Prism Diopters or More

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    Purpose: Isolated inferior oblique weakening procedure is an effective treatment for patients with superior oblique muscle palsy who had up to 15 prism diopters (PD) of vertical deviation in the primary position, but 2-muscle surgery is needed for patients with larger deviations. Herein, we report the surgical results of simultaneous 2-extraocular muscle surgery for large primary position hypertropia 16 PD or more caused by superior oblique palsy. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the records of patients who presented with central gaze hypertropia 16 PD or more and underwent simultaneous 2-extraocular muscle surgery between January 2003 and June 2014 in Severance Hospital. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 43 patients who underwent inferior oblique (IO) myectomy and contralateral inferior rectus (IR) recession (Group 1), 10 patients who underwent IO myectomy and superior rectus (SR) recession (Group 2), and 8 patients who underwent SR recession and contralateral IR recession (Group 3). Criteria for success included correction of head posture and a primary position alignment within 5 PD of vertical deviation. Results: Mean preoperative alignment at primary gaze was 25.5 ยฑ 7.1 PD (range, 16-60 PD) compared to the postoperative value of ?1.3 ยฑ 6.8 PD (range, ?20~25 PD) (p < 0.001). Surgery was successful in 49 (80%) patients. Nine (15%) patients were overcorrected and the other 3 (5%) patients were undercorrected. Success rate was the highest in subjects who underwent IO myectomy and contralateral IR recession. Among the 24 patients who did not receive combined horizontal muscle surgery, horizontal deviations decreased from 10.4 ยฑ 2.7 PD to 1.5 ยฑ 5.5 PD (p < 0.001) Conclusions: Two-muscle surgery can be effective in patients with large hypertropia 16 PD or more. Additionally, horizontal deviations are more likely to be resolved with vertical muscle surgery alone. However, IO myectomy combined with ipsilateral SR recession can cause overcorrection postoperatively, so surgical dose should be reduced when performing weakening procedure of two elevators in one eye.ope

    Real stereopsis test using a three-dimensional display with Tridef software.

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    PURPOSE: To investigate horizontal image disparity in three-dimensional (3-D) perception using 3-D animations in normal control patients and patients with intermittent exotropia, anisometropic amblyopia, and partially accommodative esotropia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 133 subjects were included. Stereopsis was measured using the Titmus Stereo test (Stereo Optical Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and a 3-D stereopsis test with a 15 inch 3-D display laptop, adjusting 3-D parameters of 0 mm horizontal disparity to 15 mm horizontal disparity. RESULTS: When compared with normal controls, the average threshold of the 3-D stereopsis test was significantly reduced for esotropia patients (p<0.001) and for anisometric amblyopia patients (p<0.001), compared to normal controls. No significant difference was observed between normal controls and intermittent exotropia patients (p=0.082). The 3-D stereopsis test was correlated with the Titmus Stereo test (Spearman's rho=0.690, p<0.001). Mean difference in stereoacuity was 1.323 log seconds of arc (95% limits of agreement: 0.486 to 2.112), and 125 (92.5%) patients were within the limits of agreement. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that a 3-D stereopsis test with animation is highly correlated with the Titmus Stereo test; nevertheless, 3-D stereopsis with animations generates more image disparities than the conventional Titmus Stereo test. The 3-D stereopsis test is highly predictive for estimating real stereopsis in a 3-D movie theater.ope

    An Optimal Artificial Intelligence System for Real-Time Endoscopic Prediction of Invasion Depth in Early Gastric Cancer

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    We previously constructed a VGG-16 based artificial intelligence (AI) model (image classifier [IC]) to predict the invasion depth in early gastric cancer (EGC) using endoscopic static images. However, images cannot capture the spatio-temporal information available during real-time endoscopy-the AI trained on static images could not estimate invasion depth accurately and reliably. Thus, we constructed a video classifier [VC] using videos for real-time depth prediction in EGC. We built a VC by attaching sequential layers to the last convolutional layer of IC v2, using video clips. We computed the standard deviation (SD) of output probabilities for a video clip and the sensitivities in the manner of frame units to observe consistency. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IC v2 for static images were 82.5%, 82.9%, and 82.7%, respectively. However, for video clips, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IC v2 were 33.6%, 85.5%, and 56.6%, respectively. The VC performed better analysis of the videos, with a sensitivity of 82.3%, a specificity of 85.8%, and an accuracy of 83.7%. Furthermore, the mean SD was lower for the VC than IC v2 (0.096 vs. 0.289). The AI model developed utilizing videos can predict invasion depth in EGC more precisely and consistently than image-trained models, and is more appropriate for real-world situations.ope

    Nomogram for pre-procedural prediction of non-curative endoscopic resection in patients with early gastric cancer

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    Background: Non-curative resection (non-CR) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires additional surgery due to the possibility of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Therefore, it is important to accurately predict the risk of non-CR to avoid unnecessary preoperative procedures. Thus, we aimed to develop and verify a nomogram to predict the risk of non-CR prior to ESD. Methods: Patients who underwent ESD for early gastric cancer (EGC) were divided into CR and non-CR groups based on the present ESD criteria. The pre-procedural factors, such as endoscopic features, radiologic findings, and pathology of the lesion, were compared between the groups to identify the risk factors associated with non-CR. A nomogram was developed using multivariate analysis, and its predictive value was assessed using an external validation group. Results: Among 824 patients, 682 were curative (82.7%) and 142 were non-curative (17.3%). By comparing two groups, endoscopic features including redness, whitish mucosal change, fold convergence, and large lesion size; histologic features such as moderately or poorly differentiated or signet ring cell carcinoma; and abnormal CT findings including non-specific lymph node enlargement and fold thickening were identified as significant predictors of non-CR. The nomogram was developed based on these predictors and showed good predictive performance in the external validation, with an area under the curve of 0.87. Conclusions: We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of non-CR prior to ESD. These predictive factors in addition to the existing ESD criteria can help provide the best treatment option for patients with EGC.ope

    Impact of poverty on youth health: Focusing on mediating effects of cumulative risk factors

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๊น€ํ˜œ๋ž€.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ž˜ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰์œ„ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์•„์‰ฌ์›€์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋“ค๋„ ์—ฐ์ด์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜๋‹ค๋ฐœ(bundling)์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌํƒ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„์ ใ€€๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ดํ•ฉ(sum)์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์š”์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ์ด์ง„์ˆ˜ํ™” ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นˆ๊ณค์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? 2) ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? 3) ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ(KCYPS) ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 4ํ•™๋…„ ํŒจ๋„ 6์ฐจ๋…„๋„(2015) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ด 2,378๋ช…์ด๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ด 1,877๋ช…์„ ์ตœ์ข… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„, ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ, ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜์—ญ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜์—ญ, ํ•™๊ต์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์€ Baron๊ณผ Kenny(1986)์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Sobel-test๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, [์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1]๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ถ€(-)์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋น„๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ฐ€์ • ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, [์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2]์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์ธ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋น„๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ฐ€์ • ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜์—ญ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜์—ญ, ํ•™๊ต์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, [์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 3]๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์™„์ „๋งค๊ฐœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์˜์—ญ์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์™„์ „๋งค๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ KCYPS ํŒจ๋„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ•œ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜๋…ธ์ถœ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์›์ ์ˆ˜์˜ 4๋ถ„์œ„ ๊ฐ’์ธ 25%์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์—ฐ์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ถ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†์‹คํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํšก๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„๋งŒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด 1๋…„ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹˜์—๋„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋นˆ๊ณค์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜์—ญ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜์—ญ, ํ•™๊ต์˜์—ญ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ก ์  ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์„ฑ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•จ์˜๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 ์ œ 2์žฅ. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  6 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 6 1. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 6 2. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 10 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฉ์ฐจ 14 1. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 14 2. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฉ์ฐจ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ชจํ˜• 17 ์ œ 3์ ˆ. ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ 20 1. ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ 20 2. ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ 22 ์ œ 4์ ˆ. ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 27 1. ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 27 2. ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ 33 1) ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 33 2) ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 37 3. ๋ˆ„์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 39 1) ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 39 2) ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 45 4. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 47 ์ œ 3์žฅ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 48 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 48 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 49 ์ œ 4์žฅ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 50 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 50 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 53 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 53 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ๋นˆ๊ณค์—ฌ๋ถ€ 53 3. ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ, ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ 54 1) ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜์—ญ 56 2) ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜์—ญ 59 3) ํ•™๊ต์˜์—ญ 61 4. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 63 ์ œ 3์ ˆ. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 65 ์ œ 5์žฅ. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 66 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„ 66 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 66 2. ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 68 1) ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„์น˜ 68 2) ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„์น˜ 70 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  73 1) ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 73 2) ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  76 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ 77 1. ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 77 2. ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 79 1) ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 79 2) ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 81 3. ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 84 1) ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 85 2) ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 87 3) Sobel Test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 89 ์ œ 6์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  90 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 90 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 94 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 94 2. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•จ์˜ 97 ์ œ 3์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์–ธ 100 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 103 [๋ถ€๋ก 1] ํƒˆ๋ฝ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 120 [๋ถ€๋ก 2] ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ 121 Abstract 130Maste

    Development of a nursing program for adaptation to non invasive mechanical ventilation for patients with acute respiratory f

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ ์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ‹€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2) ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 2006๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„ 12์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก 86๊ฑด ์ค‘ ์—ด๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ 80๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ๋‘ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” โ€˜๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ฐฉ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œโ€™, โ€˜๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ˆ„์ถœโ€™, โ€˜๋ณต๋ถ€๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐโ€™, โ€˜๋น„๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๊ฑด์กฐ์ฆโ€™, โ€˜ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์†์ƒโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3) ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์ฃผ์š”๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ‹€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์„ค๋ช…์ง€์นจ , ์ฃผ์š”๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ, ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4) ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ 2008๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4์›” 23์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ CVI๊ฐ€ 86%์ด์ƒ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ 100% ํ•ฉ์˜๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ •?๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5) ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ณด์™„๋œ ํ™˜์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2008๋…„ 5์›” 19์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6์›” 10์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 4๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ์Šน๋˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š”๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์‹œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ํŒŒ์•…์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6) ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ›„ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์š”๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์‘ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ดํƒˆ ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ™˜์ž ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing program to aid in adaptation to non-invasive mechanical ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure, and to evaluate the clinical applicability of the program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Factors influencing adaptation to non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure were identified through a literature review. The content frame was developed by categorizing these factors. 2. The chief problem in adaptation to non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure was identified through a review of the literature and patient charts. The chief problems included the following: 'Problems related mask fit', 'Air leaks', 'Abdominal distension', 'Oro-nasal dryness', and 'Skin irritation and injury'. 3. The content of the preliminary nursing program for adaptation to non-invasive mechanical ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure included the following: execution and explanation, chief problem management guidelines, and patient monitoring. 4. The validity of the preliminary nursing program was examined by an expert panel, which met between April 8 and April 23, 2008. The validity of the nursing program for adaptation to non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure patient was verified by CVI. As a result of the expert validity test, adjustments to the content were made to reflect the results of the CVI and the advice of the expert panel. 5. Testing of clinical applicability of the nursing program was done between May 19 and June 10, 2008 by four nurses who had experience using the nursing program in intensive care units. The results are as follows: After using the nursing program, patient management was done more systematically and the patients gained confidence. The nurse' s self-confidence improved, as well as motivation to use the program, but more time was required compared to that required before using program. The chief problem management guideline was found to be valuable in problem management, but improvement in the content frame is required. Patient monitoring content was valuable in understanding the patient's condition but an adjustment of the ABGA interval is required. 6. Improvements from the clinical applicability test were made to the chief problem management guidelines of the nursing program, along with improvements to the patient monitoring content. The development of the nursing program for adaptation of non-invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory patient was finalized. The nursing program for adaptation to non-invasive mechanical ventilation for patients with acute respiratory developed in this study provides guidelines to critical care teams. By utilizing the program, the systematic education and management of patients with non-invasive mechanical ventilation can be improved.ope

    Study of Deoksu-gung and Gyeonghui-gung's Palace Terrain

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    Risk factors for consecutive exotropia after esotropia surgery

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    PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors in development of postoperative exotropia following bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession for esotropia. METHODS: 108 patients who underwent BMR recession for esotropia between November 1996 and July 2010 were enrolled. 54 patients who required surgery for consecutive exotropia were compared to 54 controls whose angle of deviation showed less than five prism diopters of esotropia at all periods after BMR recession. Amblyopia, dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), refractive error, inferior oblique overaction, and multiple surgery history were evaluated as risk factors for the development of consecutive exotropia. The postoperative changes of angle of deviation were calculated. RESULTS: Amblyopia was found in 27 patients (50.5 %) in the exotropia group, and in six patients (11.1 %) in the control group (P < 0.001) before esotropia surgery. DVD was detected in 16 (29.06 %) patients in the exotropia group as compared to 4 (7.4 %) in the control group (P = 0.003). With logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of DVD was 5.27 (95 % CI 1.63-17.03; P = 0.006) and of amblyopia, 8.00 (95 % CI 2.94-21.80; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to the pre-operative deviation, follow up periods, degree of hyperopia, presence of anisometropia or inferior oblique overaction, and history of multiple surgery. Using linear mixed model analysis, the exotropic shift across time was higher in the consecutive exotropia group relative to the controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of amblyopia before esotropia surgery and DVD correlated with risk of consecutive exotropia.restrictio

    Ocular alignment after bilateral lateral rectus recession in exotropic children with cerebral palsy

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    AIMS: To compare the surgical outcomes of exotropia patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and controls without CP. METHODS: 30 patients with exotropia and CP and 60 age-matched controls without CP who underwent bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent BLR recession according to Parks' method. Surgical success was defined by esotropia deviation โ‰ค5โ€…PD (prism diopters) and exotropia deviation โ‰ค10โ€…PD. Success rate, cumulative probabilities of success, and postoperative change of angle deviations using a linear mixed model were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean postoperative follow-up times were 21.60ยฑ8.62โ€…months for the CP group and 25.60ยฑ10.82โ€…months for the control group (p=0.081). Mean preoperative deviation was 30.97ยฑ10.54โ€…PD in the CP group and 29.75ยฑ7.52โ€…PD in the control group (p=0.530), which was reduced to 4.44ยฑ7.13โ€…PD and 7.43ยฑ7.59โ€…PD, respectively (p=0.093) after BLR recession. Using linear mixed model analysis, the estimated mean postoperative deviation of both groups was in the success range at all times tested. At the final visit, successful surgical outcomes were achieved in 76.7% of the CP group and 56.7% of the control group (p=0.179). Differences in the cumulative probability of surgical success were not statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.106, log rank test). CONCLUSIONS: CP patients with exotropia showed successful ocular alignment comparable to that of controls after BLR recession of at least 2โ€…years.ope

    Surgical management of long-standing antielevation syndrome after unilateral anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle.

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    PURPOSE: To investigate surgical management of patients with long-standing antielevation syndrome following unilateral anterior transposition of inferior oblique muscle. METHODS: We present a series of 3 consecutive patients with significant hypotropia several years after unilateral anterior transposition surgery. An approach combining denervation-extirpation of the inferior oblique muscle and subsequent inferior rectus muscle recession and contralateral superior rectus muscle recession was used to manage all 3 patients. RESULTS: Denervation-extirpation surgery alone or with ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle recession were not enough to improve vertical misalignment in these patients. All 3 patients achieved successful results after denervation-extirpation surgery, ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle recession, and contralateral superior rectus muscle recession. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series, devervation-extirpation surgery on the inferior oblique muscle, ipsilateral inferior rectus recession, and contralateral superior rectus recession improved vertical misalignment in patients with long-standing antielevation syndrome after unilateral anterior transposition of the inferior oblique.ope
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