20 research outputs found

    1970λ…„λŒ€ ꡭ가와 농민관계에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ : μƒˆλ§ˆμ„μš΄λ™μ΄ λ†λ―Όμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  νƒœλ„μ— 미친 영ν–₯을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈε€§ε­Έζ ‘ 倧學陒 :倖亀學科,1995.Maste

    Post-Socialist Political Economy and Comparative Politics

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    νƒˆμ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ μ²΄μ œμ „ν™˜μ€ λΉ„κ΅μ •μΉ˜μ˜ 고전적 주제λ₯Ό μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ κ³ μ°°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€. ν•„μžλŠ” μ‹œμž₯개혁과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜ μ •κΆŒ ν•˜μ˜ μ‹œμž₯개혁, νƒˆμ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ μ‹œμž₯개혁의 μ „λž΅ 등을 닀룬닀. 특히 νƒˆμ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ μ‹œμž₯κ°œν˜μ—μ„œ μ •κΆŒ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ μ‹œμž₯경제 ν˜•μ„±μ˜ 상관성을 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•œλ‹€. νƒˆμ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ œλ„ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 졜근 λΉ„κ΅μ •μΉ˜ν•™μ΄ μ΄λ£©ν•œ ν–‰μœ„μž 쀑심에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ ꡭ가건섀둠을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ νƒˆμ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ ꡭ가건섀을 λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ―Όμ£Όν™” 이행둠에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ„±μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λ‘λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„ κ±°κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜λ‘ μ„ 톡해 νƒˆμ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ μ •μΉ˜λ³€λ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„κ΅μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έλ‹€.Post-socialist transitions have offered us excellent opportunities to test classic issues in comparative politics such as market reform, state(institution) building, and regime change. With respect to market reform, I discuss reform attempts and their consequences under the rule of communism and post-socialist market reform strategies that might overcome reform dilemma. In addition, I examine studies of how regime types were associated with market transition in post-socialist contexts different from other market transitions. State building in post-socialism is examined in terms of rational choice perspective. Post-socialist regime changes have cast serious doubts on democratic consolidation school. In this paper I examine the applicability of electoral authoritarianism to post-socialist regime changes. I conclude this paper by suggesting that remaining challenge is to build theory-laden, preferably actor-based accounts to explain divergent post-socialist experiences

    A Comparative Analysis of Property Rights Reform and State Capacity in Russia (1991~1999)

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    곡산 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 두 μ œλ„μ  νŠΉμ§•μ€ κ΅­κ°€μ†Œμœ μ— κΈ°λ°˜μ„ λ‘” κ³„νšκ²½μ œμ™€ λ‹Ή-ꡭ가이닀. λ”°λΌμ„œ νƒˆκ³΅μ‚°ν™” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒ 및 μ‹œλ―Όμ‚¬νšŒ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ μ˜μ—­μ΄ λΆ„ν™”λœλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ νƒˆκ³΅μ‚° μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 곡적 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ•½ν™”μ‹œμΌœ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ „λž΅μ  μžμ›μ„ μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œλ‘œ μ΄μ „ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. μ„œμœ λŸ½ ꡭ가건섀 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ΅­κ°€μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈκ°€ μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μžμ›μ„ μΆ”μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ΅­κ°€μ œλ„λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” 사뭇 λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” 양상이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ•½ν™” μ „λž΅μ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ΄ν–‰μ „λž΅μ— μ˜ν•΄ 촉진 ν˜Ήμ€ 저지될 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ νƒˆκ³΅μ‚°κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μž¬μ‚¬κΆŒ μž¬ν™•λ¦½ μ „λž΅μ΄λ‹€. κΈ‰κ²©ν•œ μ‚¬μœ ν™” 정책은 νƒˆκ³΅μ‚° μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ•½ν™” μ „λž΅μ„ κ°•ν™”μ‹œμΌœ κ΅­κ°€ ν•˜λΆ€κ΅¬μ‘°κΆŒλ ₯의 μ•½ν™”λ‘œ κ·€κ²°λœλ‹€. 이와 달리 뢀뢄적 μž¬μ‚°κΆŒ μž¬ν™•λ¦½ 정책은 κ΅­κ°€μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ•½νƒˆ 이해λ₯Ό μ•½ν™”μ‹œμΌœ μ‹œμž₯μ΄ν–‰κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν•˜λΆ€κ΅¬μ‘°κΆŒλ ₯의 ν•˜λ½μ„ 막을 수 μžˆλ‹€.Party-states and state-owned planned economies characterized the communist states. Because of these institutional roots, economic, political, and civil societies had to be institutionally differentiated from the party-state in the post-communist transition. In this process, state elites had a strong incentive to weaken state institutions in order to facilitate the transfer of state-owned properties into their private riches. Their strategy to weaken the state was quite in contrast to that of state elites in Western European state-building. Various transition strategies affected post-communist state elites who wished to loot the state. One of them was property rights reform of state-owned properties. A complete privatization encouraged and helped state elites to extract resources from the state and harm its capacity. In particular, it was observed that a rapid downfall of state capacity was attributable to a complete privatization carried out under an imperfect democracy. On the other hand, a partial property rights reform discouraged state elites to prey on the state and helped the state to maintain its administrative capacity throughout the transitional period

    Rent-seeking Types of Elites and Regime Trajectories in Russia, North Korea, and China

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    λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„, λΆν•œ, 쀑ꡭ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ˜ μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ μœ ν˜•μ„ 각각 κ΅­κ°€ν¬μ„­ν˜•, κ΅­κ°€κ·€μ†ν˜•, κ΅­κ°€μ˜μ‘΄ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•œλ‹€. λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ˜ κ΅­κ°€ν¬μ„­ν˜• μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬μΈ ꡭ지적 거래λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ κ΅­λΆ€μˆ˜νƒˆμ „λž΅μ€ 초기 λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ 민주적 ν—Œμ •μ§ˆμ„œμ™€ 선택적 μΉœν™”μ„±μ„ 지녔닀. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬κ°€ 독립적 μžλ³Έκ°€κ³„κΈ‰μ˜ λΆ€μž¬, κΈ‰μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 경제적 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ„± 등을 μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ˜ μœ λ™μ  ν—Œμ •μ§ˆμ„œλŠ” κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜λ‘œ λ³€λͺ¨ν–ˆλ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ κ²½μ œλ‚œκ³Ό κ³ λ„λ‘œ λ°œλ‹¬ν•œ κ΅­κ°€κΈ°κ΅¬λΌλŠ” 경제적 μ œλ„μ  쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ κ΅­κ°€λ‘œ κ·€μ†ν•˜μ—¬ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ •μΉ˜κ²½μ œμ  μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ λ³΄μ‘΄ν–ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ˜ μžμ‚°νŠΉμ •μ„±μ„ λ†’μ΄λ©΄μ„œ λ‹¨κΈ°μ μ΄λ‚˜λ§ˆ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 곡고히 ν–ˆλ‹€. μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” 폭발적으둜 νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯κ²½μ œμ™€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μ§€μ§€ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 경제적 μ§€λŒ€λ₯Ό μ·¨λ“ν–ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ •μΉ˜μ  도전을 톡해 λ‹€μ›μ£Όμ˜μ  μ •μΉ˜μ§ˆμ„œ ν˜•μ„±μ— 맀진할 경제적 μ΄μœ κ°€ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 였히렀 μ œν•œμ  κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜μ˜ 곡고화λ₯Ό 톡해 이듀은 μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ λΆ€μ˜ μž¬λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό 도λͺ¨ν–ˆλ‹€. This study classifies elites in Russia, North Korea, and China in terms of the types of rent-seeking: state-capturing, state-vested, state-dependent. Russian elites captured the state through strategic local transactions to loot out state properties into their private riches. They preferred an unconsolidated democracy to a strong authoritarianism. However, their relentless capture of state properties led to a rapid increase of economic inequality and a weak civil society to erode the foundations of the fledgling democracy and eventually facilitated an authoritarian turn in Russia. Elites in North Korea, because of its extreme poverty and highly developed state apparatus, clung to the state in order to maintain their various privileges. As a result of their state-vested rent-seeking strategy, the specificity of their power resources increased and sustained the stability of the poverty-ridden party-state. The Chinese elites relied on discretionary and arbitrary employments of regulatory rules and de-facto property rights of state-owned properties to extract wealth from the rapidly growing market. Therefore, they preferred an authoritarian regime to a pluralistic political order. However, they worked to limit its central authority in order to preserve their lucrative rent-seeking sources at the same time
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