9 research outputs found

    Rationality: Re-claiming its Normative Foundations

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ Jรผrgen Habermas์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ์–‘ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Max Weber์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”๋œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋„๊ตฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์„ Habermas์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋นŒ์–ด ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Weber์˜ ํ˜‘์†Œํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด Habermas์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. The purpose of this study is to reexamine the meaning of the modernist conception of rationality from Jรผrgen Habermas's social-theoretical point of view and reestablish its educational basis in the context of his notion of communicative rationality. The study starts from a critical review of the instrumental aspect of rationality that was first conceptualized by Max Weber's sociological analysis of modern Western society's rationalization process and continues to criticize Weber's framework from Habermas's standpoint presented in his linguistic reconstruction of the Enlightenment rationality. Habermas's criticism of Weber's view reflected on the thesis of societal rationalization is concentrated on the point that Weber's construction of the rationalization process shows the rationalization process of modern society only at its institutional level without giving as much attention to the rationalization process of people's communicative action at the level of their ordinary lifeworld and for this reason it eventually narrows down the meaning of rationality into a conceptually incomplete form. Although how Habermas's efforts can be systematically structured into an educational theory is not systematically illuminated in this particular piece of study, this essay takes this point as its basic framework to reconsider the conceptual possibility of rationality that can, and should, work as a normative standard for educational practices

    A Study of Jรผrgen Habermas's Notion of Moral Point of View

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ Jรผrgen Habermas์˜ ๋„๋•์  ๊ด€์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์  ํ–‰์œ„ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Habermas๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ, ๊ณง ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„๋•์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์‚ฌํƒœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋•์  ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ํ–‰์œ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์šฉ์  ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ ค์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋„๋•์  ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. Habermas๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„๋•์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ Habermas์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ๊ด€์  ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋„๋•์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰์œ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. Pessimism draws the contour of today's theoretical views concerning the attempts to situate the issues of morality in the discourse of rationality. In many cases the pessimistic critique of the notion of rationality is directed to the instrumental limit ofthe notion of the Enlightenment rationality which in my view resulted from limited interpretations of the modernist form of rationality. In this essay I investigate Jรผrgen Habermas's notion of the moral point of view in the context of his theory of communicative rationality. My concern is basically to illuminate the comprehensiveness of Habermas's reinterpretation of rationality and his theoretical efforts to develop it to be a normative concept that can be the basis of a moral theory. The notion of the moral point of view construed by Habermas in his discourse ethics is distinguished from other forms of practical considerationsโ€•pragmatic and ethical considerationsโ€•in that it is based upon a universalism by suggesting the moral agent to consider other people's interests and values and negotiate with them to perform his or her action. This view is originally developed by Kant as the notion of the categorical imperative, but Habermas supplements the Kantian notion of universalism by putting it in the broad context of the moral agents' communicative practice. While the universal basis is made by Kant in the consciousness of each moral agent and for this reason the issue of how it is possible is not well explained, Habermas's notion of universalism is one that is established by the very communicating activities of the moral agents that proceeds by their rational considerations

    A Review of the Concepts of 'Practice' and It's Educational Interpretation

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 10์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ Alasdair MacIntyre์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ด€์  ์œ„์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์˜จ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์›๋ฅ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋…ผ์˜์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™œ๋™ ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜์–ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ง€์ฃผ์˜์  ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ํ–‰์œ„์ „ํ†ต(practice)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ MacIntyre์˜ ๋…ผ์˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋•์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์–ด ๋…ผ์˜๋  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ดˆ๋‘์—์„œ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๏ฝข๋‹ˆ์ฝ”๋งˆ์ฝ”์Šค ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™๏ฝฃ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ MacIntyre์˜ ๋•๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ–‰์œ„์ „ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ง๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ MacIntyre์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ์˜ practice ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ™œ๋™ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. The purpose of this study is to critically review the educational-philosophical discussions in Korea during the last decade concerning the conception of 'practice' appeared in Alasdair MacIntyre's After Virtue. It will be argued that the ideas in the concept of MacIntyre's 'practice' and its significance for education should be analysed in the larger context of Aristotle's ethical theory found especially in Nichomachean Ethics and, therefore, it should be seen more comprehensively as meaning both theoretical and practical activities. For this reason, attempts to interpret it as an idea that denies the importance of theoretical activities in men's life would result in an misunderstanding of the concept. If the ideas of 'good life' is something to pursue in our educational activities it should be something that includes not just part but all of men's life
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