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    ํ† ๋ผ์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ํŒŒ์—ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋‹ด์ง€ ์ข…์ดํ˜• ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ๊ฑด์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ์˜ค์ฃผํ•œ.Introduction: Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a common and progressive disease of the upper extremity that causes pain and disorders of the shoulder joint. However, despite improvements in surgical techniques, postoperative healing failure remains a frequent complication, with the failure rates ranging from 11% to 94%. Osteoporosis is an independent prognostic factor for rotator cuff healing. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) promotes bone mineral density and tendon-to-bone healing in humans and animals with rotator cuff tear. However, problems regarding repeated systemic rhPTH injections in humans exist. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical rhPTH administration using three-dimensionally (3D) printed nanofiber sheets on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit RCT model compared to that of direct topical rhPTH administration. Materials and Methods: Eighty rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 16 each). To create the chronic RCT model, we induced complete supraspinatus tendon tears in both shoulders and left them untreated for 6 weeks. All transected tendons were repaired in a transosseous manner with saline injection in group A, hyaluronic acid (HA) injection in group B, 3D-printed nanofiber sheet fixation in group C, rhPTH and HA injection in group D, and 3D-printed rhPTH- and HA-soaked nanofiber sheet fixation in group E. Genetic (mRNA expression evaluation) and histological evaluations (hematoxylin and eosin and Massonโ€™s trichrome staining) were performed in half of the rabbits at 4 weeks post-repair. Genetic, histological, and biomechanical evaluations (mode of tear and load to failure) were performed in the remaining rabbits at 12 weeks. Results: For genetic evaluation, group E showed a higher collagen type I alpha 1 expression level than did the other groups (P = .008) at 4 weeks. However, its expression level was downregulated, and there was no difference at 12 weeks. For histological evaluation, group E showed greater collagen fiber continuity, denser collagen fibers, and more mature tendon-to-bone junction than did the other groups (P = .001, P = .001, and P = .003, respectively) at 12 weeks. For biomechanical evaluation, group E showed a higher load-to-failure rate than did the other groups (P < .001) at 12 weeks. Conclusion: Three-dimensionally printed rhPTH-soaked nanofiber sheet fixation can promote tendon-to-bone healing of chronic RCT.์„œ๋ก : ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ํŒŒ์—ด์€ ์–ด๊นจ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์˜ ์œ ํ•ฉ ์‹คํŒจ๋Š” 11%์—์„œ 94% ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์œจ๋กœ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ ํ›„ ์œ ํ•ฉ ์‹คํŒจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆํ›„ ์ธ์ž์ด๊ณ , ๋˜ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ๊ฐœ ํŒŒ์—ด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ผˆ ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ํž˜์ค„๊ณผ ๋ผˆ์˜ ์œ ํ•ฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ „์‹ ์ , ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ† ๋ผ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ํŒŒ์—ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘์ , ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋‹ด์ง€ ์ข…์ดํ˜• ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ ํž˜์ค„๊ณผ ๋ผˆ์˜ ์œ ํ•ฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: 80๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ A, B, C, D, E ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋‹น 16๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์”ฉ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ํŒŒ์—ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์ฒด ํ† ๋ผ์˜ ์–‘์ชฝ ์–ด๊นจ์—์„œ ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด์„ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  6์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ›„ 6์ฃผ ๋’ค ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์œ„์—: A๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , B๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , C๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , D๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ฐ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , E๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋‹ด์ง€ ์ข…์ดํ˜• ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ›„ 6์ฃผ ๋’ค ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์œ„์—: A๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , B๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , C๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , D๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ฐ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , E๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋‹ด์ง€ ์ข…์ดํ˜• ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ „ํ•™(mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ‰๊ฐ€) ๋ฐ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€(๊ฑด-๊ณจ ์ดํ–‰๋ถ€์˜ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์„ฌ์œ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„, ๊ฑด-๊ณจ ์ดํ–‰๋ถ€์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„)๋ฅผ ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ 4์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ† ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ 12์ฃผ์—๋„ ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์—ญํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€(ํŒŒ์—ด ๋ถ€์œ„, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํŒŒ์—ด ๊ฐ•๋„)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ† ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ๊ฑด์˜ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ 4์ฃผ ๋•Œ E๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ A, B, C, D ๋„ค๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด collagen type I alpha 1์˜ mRNA๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ(P = .008), ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ 12์ฃผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” 4์ฃผ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค collagen type I alpha 1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ „์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด-๊ณจ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ 12์ฃผ ๋•Œ E๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ 4๊ฐœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฑด-๊ณจ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์„ฌ์œ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„, ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ P = .001, P = .001 ๋ฐ P = .003). ์ƒ์—ญํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทน์ƒ๊ฑด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ 12์ฃผ ๋•Œ E๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ 4๊ฐœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํŒŒ์—ด ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(P < .001). ๊ฒฐ๋ก : 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋‹ด์ง€ ์ข…์ดํ˜• ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ† ๋ผ ํšŒ์ „๊ทผ ๊ฐœ ํŒŒ์—ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ฑด-๊ณจ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Materials and Methods 4 Chapter 3. Results 13 Chapter 4. Discussion 16 Chapter 5. Conclusion 23 References 24 Figure legend and Figures 35 Table legend and tables 45 Abstract in Korean 52๋ฐ•
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