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    ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์‹ฌํ™” ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์ „์ƒ์ธ.Industrial space in Korea has evolved in various ways to reflect changes in the countryโ€™s industrial structure since the 1960s, and policy and academic research on industrial space has centered on industrial complexes. Recent research on industrial space has been expanded to various fields such as urban manufacturing, yet current research remains attached to the frameworks in analysis of existing industrial space. Thus there exists a need for new research on diverse industrial spaces and an framework that reflects new trends in industrial space that typify evolving manufacturing paradigms. New trends in industrial space are characterized by miniaturization, flexibility, and mixed-use development. In this study, I focus on โ€œmakerspaces,โ€ which have rapidly spread since the late 2000s in the worldโ€™s major cities. Makerspaces, born amid great social change, reflect the core characteristics of industrial space. So the need for in-depth research on makerspaces in the field of spatial planning is increasing. I analyze the makerspace based on the theoretical perspectives of urbanism in the macroscopic aspect and placeness in the microscopic aspect. I conclude the work by highlighting the contrasts between different makerspaces internationally and describe the implications for spatial planning carried by the results of my analysis. Makerspaces have their origins in a larger social trend often referred to as the maker movement. While makerspaces are modern industrial spaces in the same way that factories are, producing manufactured goods using labor and capital, they exhibit new characteristics in terms of form, output, subject, and meaning. In addition, makerspaces have adopted some of the cultural characteristics of the countries in which they have emerged. In Korea, makerspaces are typified by the following distinctive aspects: the operating subject of the makerspace, the purpose of the makerspace, and the mechanism by which they operate. That is, they reflect the path dependence of Korea's industrial space policy, which consists of government-led development and they reflect a state spatial strategy for youth and start-up policy. The urbanism of makerspaces is manifested through entry into the inner cities and their connections with urban capabilities. In penetrating inner cities, makerspaces are becoming industrial spaces that utilize existing urban environment such as commercial buildings, residential areas, and industrial facilities. In addition, they also utilize urban innovation capacity, as represented by its educational and research resources and industrial promotion policies, creating new drivers of economic growth by combining cultural and leisure facilities. This means that convergence with innovation factors is becoming more important than optimization of factor costs and agglomeration economies in the locational determinants of industrial space. The placeness of makerspaces is being re-formed through an emphasis on taste, the expansion of autonomy, and the strengthening of connections. The emphasis on taste appears in individual production activities and creative corporate forms, and the spread of autonomy in flexible spaces and discretionary working hours testifies to the reemergence of the individual in industrial space. In addition, the normalization of mobile production and the rise of liminal spaces demonstrate strengthened connections within industrial space. This reveals how the value creation process within the industrial space is changing, from forming-placelessness through standardization, uniformity, and compartmentalization to forming-placeness through restoration of individual humanity and interaction. This study represents an attempt to analyze the makerspace through an analytical framework grounded in urbanism and placeness. It differs from the extant literature research centered on industrial complexes and urban manufacturing. It is through this novel theoretical approach rooted in the academic approach of spatial planning that it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on makerspaces, which thus far have been mainly studied in the fields business administration, entrepreneurship, and engineering. In addition, the results of the urbanism and placenesss analysis carry implications for the present moment, when it is urgently necessary to diversify the spatial planning of industrial spaces.ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์ โ€ง์ •์ฑ…์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” โ€˜์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€โ€™๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ๋“ค์–ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹ฌ์ œ์กฐ์—… ๋“ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ์—… ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก  ์ •๋ฆฝ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์ โ€ง์ •์ฑ…์  ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”, ์œ ์—ฐํ™”, ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™”๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ, 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šคโ€™์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํšํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜, ์—ฐ์›๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ โ€˜๋„์‹œ์„ฑ(urbanism)โ€™ ๋ฐ โ€˜์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ(placeness)โ€™ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋ถ„ํฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ โ€˜๋„์‹œ์„ฑโ€™๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ โ€˜์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑโ€™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํš์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ด์™ธ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค ์šด๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ทธ ์—ฐ์›์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์— ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ๊ณต์žฅ(factory)์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ํ˜•ํƒœโ€ง์‚ฐ์ถœโ€ง์ฃผ์ฒดโ€ง์˜๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” โ€˜์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„(industrial space)โ€™์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด, ๋ชฉ์ , ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ โ€˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ „๋žตโ€™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒญ๋…„๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์—…์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ง„์ž…๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€˜๋„์‹œ์„ฑโ€™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ์—…๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ, ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ์‚ฐ์—…์œก์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธํ™”์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋™์ธ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”, ์ง‘์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž…์ง€๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ โ€˜์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑโ€™์€ ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์‹œ, ์ž์œจ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์™€ ์œ ์—ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์œจ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์žฌ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ƒํ™”, ์‚ฌ์ด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ฐฝ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”โ€งํš์ผํ™”โ€ง๊ตฌํšํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํƒˆ์žฅ์†Œํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œํ™”๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ์ œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™, ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ •๋ณดํ•™, ๊ณตํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜ค๋˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํšํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํš ๊ธฐ์กฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์šด์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 8 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 8 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 12 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 19 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ 19 1. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํ™•์žฅ 19 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ1 : ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™” 25 3. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ2 : ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„๋ณด 32 4. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ3 : ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณ„ํš 41 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž…์ง€๊ฒฐ์ • 48 1. ์ตœ์†Œ๋น„์šฉ ์ด๋ก  48 2. ์‚ฐ์—…์ง‘์  ์ด๋ก  51 3. ํ˜์‹ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ด๋ก  56 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋…ผ์˜ 63 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ 63 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒˆ(่„ซ)์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ 70 3. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ(ๅ†)์žฅ์†Œํ™” 79 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 85 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 88 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์—ฐ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋… 88 1. ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 88 2. ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 96 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 106 1. ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 106 2. ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ํŠน์ง• 127 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋„์‹œ์„ฑ(urbanism) 139 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ง„์ž… 139 1. ์ƒ์—…๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 145 2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 155 3. ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 162 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 170 1. ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 171 2. ์‚ฐ์—…์œก์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 181 3. ๋ฌธํ™”์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 191 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ(placeness) 200 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์‹œ 201 1. ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ 201 2. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™ 212 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž์œจ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ 218 1. ์œ ์—ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์šฉ 218 2. ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 225 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 232 1. ์ด๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ƒํ™” 232 2. ์‚ฌ์ด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ 239 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  247 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  247 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 247 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  249 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 251 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 251 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 253 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 254๋ฐ•

    An Analysis of the Optimum Arctic Sea Route using Ice Transit Model

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    This study is intended to build an ice/marine/meteorological database regarding the Northern Sea Route(NSR) of Russia and the Northwest Passage(NWP) of Canada the major sea routes across the Arctic Ocean. Selection of the optimum Arctic sea routes for large icebreaking vessels based on this database was analysed to estimate minimum time and operation cost. The database includes ice information such as thickness, density of sea ice, size and distribution of ice ridge along the sea routes in the Arctic Ocean and marine/meteorological information such as waves, wind and ocean/tidal current and additionally, factors such as fog, icing and snowstorm affecting visibility and sailing speed. The sailing speed of vessels depends on the speed reduction factors(SRF) which may be determined from the environmental database. The concept of the speed, time factors and the Arctic environmental database accumulated for recent 11 years, and the core elements in making an Arctic transit simulation program 'IceTran'. The 'IceTran' program developed in this study was used to compare with the optimum Arctic routes studied in the previous literature, such as in CRREL and INSROP researches. This study suggested the possible sea routes of the Arctic Ocean in the future, through the simulation based on the ice data after 2005 that reflects the reduction of sea ice in Arctic Ocean.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ i ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ ii ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ iii Abstract iv 1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 2. ๋น™ํ•ด์—ญ ํ•ญํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ 4 2.1 ๊ฐœ์š” 4 2.2 ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด์˜ ํ•ญ๋กœ์™€ ๊ตฌํš์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 7 2.2.1 ๋น™ํ•ด์—ญ ๊ตฌํš 7 2.2.2 ํ†ตํ•ญ ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ์„ค์ • 12 2.2.3 ํ•ญ๋กœ์ƒ์˜ ์ ˆ์  ๋ฐฐ์น˜ 14 2.3 ๋น™ํ•ด์—ญ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 18 2.3.1 ์ž…๋ ฅ์ž๋ฃŒ 18 2.3.2 ํ•ด์ƒ/๊ธฐ์ƒ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค 20 2.3.3 ๋น™์ƒ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค 21 2.4 ์ตœ์ ํ•ญ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ 25 2.4.1 ์„ ์†์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 25 2.4.2 ์šดํ•ญ๋น„์šฉ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 32 3. INSROP ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 35 3.1 INSROP ํ•ญํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ 35 3.2 INSROP์˜ ICE INDEX 46 4. CRREL ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 51 4.1 CREEL ํ•ญํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ 51 4.2 ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด ์ƒ์„  ์šดํ•ญ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 58 4.3 ์„ ๋‹จ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น™ํ•ด์—ญ ์šดํ•ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ 62 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  67 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 6

    ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋‹๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‘์šฉํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€,2007.Docto

    Company Town and the Change of City Identity

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ๋ฐ์ง€์—ญ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ „์ƒ์ธ.ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญํ† ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธโ€ง๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์นจ์ฒดโ€ง์‡ ํ‡ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ง„์ถœํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์™€๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋Œ€๋กœ ์•„์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด์•„์™”๊ณ  ์ฒœ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒํ•œ ํ•œํ™”๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์—…ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ •์น˜โ€งํ–‰์ •, ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ง๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ใˆœ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๊ทธ๋ฃน 4๊ฐœ ๊ณ„์—ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ํƒ•์ •๋ฉด์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์„ฑ๊ทธ๋ฃน 4๊ฐœ ๊ณ„์—ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ง๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…, ์ง€์—ญ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ๋„์‹œโ€ง์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์‚ฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ , ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์นจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œํ™”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ  ํ•™๋งฅ์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด ์‚ผ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ โ€ง๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์‚ผ์„ฑํ™” ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์„œ์ โ€ง๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์†์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ง€์†์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ์„ ๋ง ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›„์ž๋Š” ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ตฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ํ•œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์˜จ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋ณธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์นจ์ฒด๋œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์œ ์น˜์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ •์ฐฉ์˜ ์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์ •์น˜โ€งํ–‰์ •, ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ง๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ, ๋„์‹œโ€ง์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ง€์—ญ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์™ธ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ โ€ง๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์ โ€ง๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ํฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ์šธ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ผ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ผํ™˜์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํฌํ•ญ, ์šธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ใ€Œ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํŠน๋ณ„๋ฒ•ใ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถ”์ง„๋œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋œ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ๋Š” ํ•œํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ธด์žฅ ์†์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ‘์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 1. ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 2. ์‹œโ€ง๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 13 1. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 2. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 13 3. ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋ถ„์„ 16 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 17 1. ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ 17 2. ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ 24 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 31 1. ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 31 2. ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 32 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 33 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 35 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•œํ™”๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ์—ฐ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ 35 1. ํ•œํ™”๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ 35 2. ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•œํ™”๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์œ„์ƒ 36 3. ํ•œํ™”๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์„ฑ 46 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 48 1. ์‚ผ์„ฑ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง„์ถœ 48 2. ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 49 3. ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ 62 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 64 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ฒœ์•ˆโ€ง์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” 66 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” 66 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ 67 1. ์‚ฐ์—… 67 2. ๊ณ ์šฉ 71 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 74 1. ์ •์น˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 74 2. ์—ฐ๊ณ  ํ•™๋งฅ์˜ ๋น„๊ต 78 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œโ€ง์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ 81 1. ๋„์‹œ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ 81 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ฒฝ๊ด€ 97 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 103 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ 106 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 106 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ ์›์ธ 107 1. ์‚ผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์† ์š”์ธ 107 2. ํ•œํ™” ์—ฐ๊ณ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ง€์† ์š”์ธ 113 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 122 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  123 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 123 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ํ•จ์˜ 125 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 129 Abstract 137Maste

    ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์‹ฌํ™” ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    Industrial space in Korea has evolved in various ways to reflect changes in the countryโ€™s industrial structure since the 1960s, and policy and academic research on industrial space has centered on industrial complexes. Recent research on industrial space has been expanded to various fields such as urban manufacturing, yet current research remains attached to the frameworks in analysis of existing industrial space. Thus there exists a need for new research on diverse industrial spaces and an framework that reflects new trends in industrial space that typify evolving manufacturing paradigms. New trends in industrial space are characterized by miniaturization, flexibility, and mixed-use development. In this study, I focus on โ€œmakerspaces,โ€ which have rapidly spread since the late 2000s in the worldโ€™s major cities. Makerspaces, born amid great social change, reflect the core characteristics of industrial space. So the need for in-depth research on makerspaces in the field of spatial planning is increasing. I analyze the makerspace based on the theoretical perspectives of urbanism in the macroscopic aspect and placeness in the microscopic aspect. I conclude the work by highlighting the contrasts between different makerspaces internationally and describe the implications for spatial planning carried by the results of my analysis. Makerspaces have their origins in a larger social trend often referred to as the maker movement. While makerspaces are modern industrial spaces in the same way that factories are, producing manufactured goods using labor and capital, they exhibit new characteristics in terms of form, output, subject, and meaning. In addition, makerspaces have adopted some of the cultural characteristics of the countries in which they have emerged. In Korea, makerspaces are typified by the following distinctive aspects: the operating subject of the makerspace, the purpose of the makerspace, and the mechanism by which they operate. That is, they reflect the path dependence of Korea's industrial space policy, which consists of government-led development and they reflect a state spatial strategy for youth and start-up policy. The urbanism of makerspaces is manifested through entry into the inner cities and their connections with urban capabilities. In penetrating inner cities, makerspaces are becoming industrial spaces that utilize existing urban environment such as commercial buildings, residential areas, and industrial facilities. In addition, they also utilize urban innovation capacity, as represented by its educational and research resources and industrial promotion policies, creating new drivers of economic growth by combining cultural and leisure facilities. This means that convergence with innovation factors is becoming more important than optimization of factor costs and agglomeration economies in the locational determinants of industrial space. The placeness of makerspaces is being re-formed through an emphasis on taste, the expansion of autonomy, and the strengthening of connections. The emphasis on taste appears in individual production activities and creative corporate forms, and the spread of autonomy in flexible spaces and discretionary working hours testifies to the reemergence of the individual in industrial space. In addition, the normalization of mobile production and the rise of liminal spaces demonstrate strengthened connections within industrial space. This reveals how the value creation process within the industrial space is changing, from forming-placelessness through standardization, uniformity, and compartmentalization to forming-placeness through restoration of individual humanity and interaction. This study represents an attempt to analyze the makerspace through an analytical framework grounded in urbanism and placeness. It differs from the extant literature research centered on industrial complexes and urban manufacturing. It is through this novel theoretical approach rooted in the academic approach of spatial planning that it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on makerspaces, which thus far have been mainly studied in the fields business administration, entrepreneurship, and engineering. In addition, the results of the urbanism and placenesss analysis carry implications for the present moment, when it is urgently necessary to diversify the spatial planning of industrial spaces.ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์ โ€ง์ •์ฑ…์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” โ€˜์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€โ€™๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ๋“ค์–ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹ฌ์ œ์กฐ์—… ๋“ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ์—… ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก  ์ •๋ฆฝ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์ โ€ง์ •์ฑ…์  ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”, ์œ ์—ฐํ™”, ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™”๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ, 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šคโ€™์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํšํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜, ์—ฐ์›๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ โ€˜๋„์‹œ์„ฑ(urbanism)โ€™ ๋ฐ โ€˜์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ(placeness)โ€™ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋ถ„ํฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ โ€˜๋„์‹œ์„ฑโ€™๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ โ€˜์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑโ€™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํš์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ด์™ธ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค ์šด๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ทธ ์—ฐ์›์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์— ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ๊ณต์žฅ(factory)์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ํ˜•ํƒœโ€ง์‚ฐ์ถœโ€ง์ฃผ์ฒดโ€ง์˜๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” โ€˜์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„(industrial space)โ€™์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด, ๋ชฉ์ , ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ โ€˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ „๋žตโ€™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒญ๋…„๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์—…์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ง„์ž…๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€˜๋„์‹œ์„ฑโ€™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ์—…๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ, ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ์‚ฐ์—…์œก์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธํ™”์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋™์ธ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”, ์ง‘์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž…์ง€๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ โ€˜์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑโ€™์€ ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์‹œ, ์ž์œจ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์™€ ์œ ์—ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์œจ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์žฌ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ƒํ™”, ์‚ฌ์ด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ฐฝ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”โ€งํš์ผํ™”โ€ง๊ตฌํšํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํƒˆ์žฅ์†Œํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œํ™”๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ์ œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™, ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ •๋ณดํ•™, ๊ณตํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜ค๋˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํšํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํš ๊ธฐ์กฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์šด์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 8 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 8 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 12 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 19 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ 19 1. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํ™•์žฅ 19 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ1 : ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™” 25 3. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ2 : ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„๋ณด 32 4. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ3 : ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณ„ํš 41 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž…์ง€๊ฒฐ์ • 48 1. ์ตœ์†Œ๋น„์šฉ ์ด๋ก  48 2. ์‚ฐ์—…์ง‘์  ์ด๋ก  51 3. ํ˜์‹ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ด๋ก  56 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋…ผ์˜ 63 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ 63 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒˆ(่„ซ)์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ 70 3. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ(ๅ†)์žฅ์†Œํ™” 79 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 85 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 88 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์—ฐ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋… 88 1. ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 88 2. ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 96 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 106 1. ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 106 2. ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ํŠน์ง• 127 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋„์‹œ์„ฑ(urbanism) 139 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ง„์ž… 139 1. ์ƒ์—…๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 145 2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 155 3. ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 162 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 170 1. ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 171 2. ์‚ฐ์—…์œก์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 181 3. ๋ฌธํ™”์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 191 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ(placeness) 200 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์‹œ 201 1. ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ 201 2. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™ 212 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž์œจ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ 218 1. ์œ ์—ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์šฉ 218 2. ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 225 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 232 1. ์ด๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ƒํ™” 232 2. ์‚ฌ์ด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ 239 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  247 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  247 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 247 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  249 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 251 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 251 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 253 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 254๋ฐ•
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