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    Biomechanical Analysis of the Axial Pre-rotational Movement of the Pelvis for the Jireugi in the Taekwondo Juchumseogi Stance

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 체윑ꡐ윑과, 2013. 2. 신인식.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ£ΌμΆ€μ„œ 지λ₯΄κΈ° μ‹œ 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 쒅좕을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ ν—ˆλ¦¬ νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ 힘 λ°œμƒ 및 전이 과정을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ©μ μ„ λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ νƒœκΆŒλ„ ν’ˆμƒˆ μ „λ¬Έ μ„ μˆ˜ 11λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ™μž‘ 속도λ₯Ό 별도 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ λΉ λ₯΄κ³  κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ ν—ˆκ³΅μ˜ λͺΈν†΅μ„ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•œ 였λ₯Έμ† μ£ΌμΆ€μ„œ 지λ₯΄κΈ°λ₯Ό 5회 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3차원 λ™μž‘λΆ„μ„ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯κΈ°λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 뢄석에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 각쒅 μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ νšλ“ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ‹€ν—˜λŒ€μƒμžλ₯Ό 15개 λΆ„μ ˆλ‘œ λͺ¨λΈλ§ 및 μ§€μ—­μ’Œν‘œκ³„λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 뢄석에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 각쒅 변인듀을 μ‚°μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ ꡬ간 μ‹œκ°„, 골반 및 μƒμ²΄μ˜ μ’…μΆ• 쀑심 νšŒμ „κ°λ„, 골반-μƒμ²΄μ˜ μƒλŒ€κ°λ„, 골반 및 μƒμ²΄μ˜ 각속도, μ£Όλ¨Ή μ΅œλŒ€ 속λ ₯을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 효과λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 역동역학적인 방법을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν—ˆλ¦¬μ™€ 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ–΄κΉ¨μ˜ νŒŒμ›Œλ₯Ό μ‚°μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νƒ„μ„±μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 좕적 및 SSC μ›λ¦¬μ˜ 적용 유무λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ μž ν—ˆλ¦¬μ˜ 각도-각속도 도면을 μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³ , ν—ˆλ¦¬ μ£Όλ³€ 근윑ꡰ의 νŒŒμ›Œμ™€ 일을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν—ˆλ¦¬ νšŒμ „ λ°œμƒμ˜ 원동λ ₯κ³Ό 전이 과정을 μ•ŒκΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯κ³Ό 유리 토크, ν—ˆλ¦¬μ™€ 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ–΄κΉ¨μ˜ κ΄€μ ˆν•©λ ₯ 및 κ΄€μ ˆν•©νšŒμ „λ ₯, κ°μš΄λ™λŸ‰ 기여도, μΌλŸ‰ 등을 μ‚°μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 결과에 따라 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 집단을 μ„ νšŒμ „ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ, ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 집단을 λΉ„μ„ νšŒμ „ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 두 집단 κ°„μ˜ 평균 비ꡐλ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 독립 t 검정을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜κ³  μœ μ˜μˆ˜μ€€μ€ .05둜 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 연ꡬ 절차λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 얻은 μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ€ 주먹을 지λ₯΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ™μž‘μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” κ΅¬κ°„μ—μ„œ κ³¨λ°˜μ„ 상체보닀 λ¨Όμ € λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ λͺ©ν‘œλ°©ν–₯으둜 νšŒμ „μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ™μž‘μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, λΉ„μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 λ™μž‘ μ€€λΉ„ κ΅¬κ°„μ—μ„œ 골반과 상체λ₯Ό 거의 λ™μ‹œμ— νšŒμ „μ‹œν‚€λ©° 지λ₯΄κΈ° λ™μž‘μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—, μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 κ³¨λ°˜μ„ λͺ©ν‘œ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λΉ„μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ¨Όμ € 4λ°° κ°€λŸ‰ 빨리 νšŒμ „μ‹œν‚¨ ν›„ μƒμ²΄μ˜ νšŒμ „μ΄ λ’€λ”°λΌκ°€λŠ” νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 λΉ„μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단에 λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ 골반의 νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§§μ•˜κ³ , ν—ˆλ¦¬μ™€ 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ–΄κΉ¨ λΆ€μœ„ 근윑ꡰ의 νŒŒμ›Œκ°€ 각각 μ•½ 2배와 1.5λ°° 큰 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜, 짧은 λ™μž‘ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 큰 νŒŒμ›Œλ₯Ό λ‚΄λŠ” μˆ™λ ¨λœ 기술의 νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 큰 νŒŒμ›Œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λ‘œμ„œ, ν—ˆλ¦¬ 근윑ꡰ νŒŒμ›Œμ™€ 일 뢄석을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 λ™μž‘ 초반 stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) 기전을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, λΉ„μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 ꡬ심성 μˆ˜μΆ•λ§Œμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 집단 κ°„ μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯κ³Ό 유리 ν† ν¬μ˜ 비ꡐ 뢄석을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬, μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 이 νž˜λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻은 νšŒμ „λ ₯을 톡해 골반 및 상체λ₯Ό νšŒμ „μ‹œν‚€κ³  이후 μž‘μš©-λ°˜μž‘μš©μ— μ˜ν•œ κ΄€μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 주먹을 지λ₯΄λŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—, λΉ„μ„ νšŒμ „ 집단은 지λ₯΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 주먹을 λ˜μ§€λŠ” μˆœκ°„κ³Ό κ·Έ 이후에도 κ³„μ†ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν‰ μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯ 및 유리 토크λ₯Ό μž‘μš©μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν•˜μ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ μˆ˜ν‰ μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯은 ν—ˆλ¦¬ κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ μ’…μΆ• λ°©ν–₯ 큰 νšŒμ „λ ₯ 및 νŒŒμ›Œλ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ΄λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ–΄κΉ¨ κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ μ „ν›„μΆ•, μ’Œμš°μΆ• νšŒμ „λ ₯으둜 μ „μ΄λ˜μ–΄ νŒŒμ›Œλ₯Ό μ¦λŒ€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 역할을 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ‚±κΈ°μˆ μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ νƒœκΆŒλ„ 전체 κΈ°μˆ μ— 적용될 수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, νŒŒμ›Œ μ¦λŒ€ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” SSC 원리λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ†λ™μž‘κ³Ό 차기에 λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ°€λ™λ²”μœ„λŠ” μ§§μœΌλ©΄μ„œλ„ λΉ λ₯΄λ©° κ°•ν•œ νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν—ˆλ¦¬μ˜ μ’…μΆ• νšŒμ „μ€ μ›μœ„ λΆ„μ ˆλ“€μ˜ 짝힘 μš”μ†Œμ˜ κΈ°μ—¬κ°€ 큼을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ―€λ‘œ, μˆ˜ν‰ νšŒμ „λ ₯에 κ΄€κ³„λ˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 변인듀을 μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  κ·ΉλŒ€ν™” ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 κ³ μ•ˆν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜λ ¨μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ΅μœ‘μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λ©΄, 보닀 큰 ꡐ윑 νš¨κ³Όμ™€ κΈ°λŠ₯ 및 κ²½κΈ°λ ₯ ν–₯상에 도움이 될 것이라 κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the pelvic axial pre-rotational movement for the Jireugi in the Taekwondo Juchumseogi stance, by focusing on the torque generated and its transfer procedure by the rotation of the waist. Eleven elite Taekwondo Poomsae athletes participated. Each participant performed 5 right hand Jireugi in Juchumseogi stance as fast and strong as possible while their motion was recorded by a 3D motion analysis system and the ground reaction forces by two force plates. A 15-segment model with 15-local coordinate systems were used. The phase time, axial rotational angle of the pelvis and trunk, relative pelvis-trunk rotational angle, angular velocity, and maximal speed of the fist were measured according to each of the pelvis axial pre-movement conditions. To evaluate the efficiency, the power of the waist and right shoulder were also calculated using the inverse dynamics method. The angle-angular velocity diagram of the waist joint were created, and the power and work of the muscular group surrounding the waist were analyzed to verify the elastic energy accumulation and the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) theory. From the ground reaction forces, the free moments, the resultant joint forces and torques of the waist and right shoulder joint, the angular momentum contribution and the work of whole body were computed and analyzed to understand the torque generation and its transfer procedure from the waists rotational movement. Through analysis of the pelvic rotational data, the participants were classified into a pre-rotational and none pre-rotational group. Significant differences were then investigated by a series of independent samples t-tests(Ξ±=.05). The pelvic axial pre-rotational movement had a pelvis rotation earlier and faster than the trunk during the preparation phase of the Jireugi. For the none pre-rotation group, the pelvis and trunk rotated almost simultaneously, but pre-rotation group rotated the pelvis about 4 times faster than the other group and this led to the trunks rotation. The pre-rotation groups pelvic rotation time was shorter, the power of the waist and the right shoulder were about 2 times and 1.5 times greater respectively, than the none pre-rotation group. Thus, this seems to be a way to characterize skill level. The cause of the greater power seems to be the application of the SSC by the muscles surrounding the waist during the preparation phase of the pre-rotation group. For the none pre-rotation group, they only used the concentric contraction of the muscles surrounding the waist. All groups used the ground reaction force and the free moment to rotate the pelvis and trunk, but significant differences were showed at the fist thrusting phase and after. The inertia led the right upper limb throwing as the principle of action and reaction in the pre-rotation group. While the horizontal ground reaction force and the free moment affected the motion continuously in the none pre-rotation group. Additionally, the horizontal ground reaction force from the lower limb generated the waist axial torque and power transferring them to the shoulder anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axis. The pelvic axial pre-rotational movement of this study may be applied to the all techniques of Taekwondo such as the hand skills and kicks. Because it uses the SSC theory, it has the effect of shortening of the range of movement, creating a fast and more powerful rotation, thus increasing the magnitude of impact. In addition, the coupled force of the distal segments is identified to have a significant contribution to the waist axial rotation. Therefore if the coaches educate their players to use their waist and the SSC more efficiently during techniques, then they will be able to produce quicker more powerful techniques. β… . μ„œ λ‘  1 1. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  6 2. 연ꡬ κ°€μ„€ 6 3. 연ꡬ λ²”μœ„ 7 4. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ œν•œμ  8 5. μš©μ–΄μ˜ μ •μ˜ 9 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 13 1. μƒβ€€ν•˜μ§€ 말단 λΆ„μ ˆ μ΅œλŒ€ 속도 λ°œμƒ μ „λž΅ 13 1) λ―ΈλŠ” λ“―ν•œ λ™μž‘κ³Ό λ˜μ§€λŠ” λ“―ν•œ λ™μž‘ 13 2) μŠ€ν”„λ§ μ œμ–΄μ™€ 탄도적 μ œμ–΄ 14 3) 인접 λΆ„μ ˆλ“€μ˜ μœ„μƒ λ³€ν™” 15 2. 상체 νšŒμ „ μ‹œ λ™μ›λ˜λŠ” 근윑과 κ·Όλ ₯의 λ³€ν™” 16 1) 근윑 μ‹ μ „ κ΄€λ ¨ μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ 16 2) κ·Όλ ₯ 증가 κ΄€λ ¨ μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ 17 3. 골반 νšŒμ „μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ™μž‘ μˆ˜ν–‰μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 18 1) 보행 속도에 λ”°λ₯Έ 골반과 인접 λΆ„μ ˆμ˜ μš΄λ™ν•™μ  λ³€ν™” 18 2) 골반과 μƒμ²΄μ˜ νšŒμ „ μ‹œ λͺ¨λ©˜νŠΈκ°€ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 18 3) 골반의 사전 νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘ 20 β…’. 연ꡬ 방법 24 1. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒ 24 2. μ‹€ν—˜ 도ꡬ 24 1) μ˜μƒ 뢄석 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 24 2) μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯ μΈ‘μ • μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 26 3) 자료 뢄석도ꡬ 26 3. μ‹€ν—˜ 절차 및 방법 26 1) μ‹€ν—˜ 절차 28 2) μ΄λ²€νŠΈμ™€ ꡭ면의 μ„€μ • 30 4. 자료 μ‚°μΆœ 방법 32 1) μ˜μƒ 뢄석 자료 μ‚°μΆœ 32 2) μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯ 뢄석 34 3) μ£Όμš”λ³€μΈ μ‚°μΆœ 방법 34 5. 톡계 처리 45 β…£. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 47 1. 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 및 효과 뢄석 47 1) λ™μž‘ ꡬ간별 μ†Œμš” μ‹œκ°„ 48 2) 골반과 μƒμ²΄μ˜ νšŒμ „κ°λ„ 50 3) 골반과 μƒμ²΄μ˜ 각속도 51 4) ν—ˆλ¦¬μ™€ 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ–΄κΉ¨ κ΄€μ ˆ μ£Όλ³€ 근윑ꡰ의 νŒŒμ›Œ 55 5) 주먹의 μ΅œλŒ€ 속λ ₯ 56 2. 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ SSC 유무 뢄석 57 1) ν—ˆλ¦¬ νšŒμ „κ°λ„-각속도 도면 57 2) ν—ˆλ¦¬ νšŒμ „κ°λ„μ™€ μ£Όλ³€ 근윑ꡰ의 νŒŒμ›Œ 비ꡐ 58 3) ν—ˆλ¦¬ 및 각 κ΄€μ ˆ μ£Όλ³€ 근윑ꡰ의 일 59 3. ν—ˆλ¦¬ νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ 힘 λ°œμƒ 및 전이 κ³Όμ • 뢄석 63 1) 지λ₯΄κΈ° λ™μž‘ μ‹œ μ§€λ©΄λ°˜λ ₯ 67 2) 지λ₯΄κΈ° λ™μž‘ μ‹œ 유리 토크 67 3) ν—ˆλ¦¬μ™€ 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ–΄κΉ¨μ˜ κ΄€μ ˆν•©λ ₯κ³Ό κ΄€μ ˆν•©νšŒμ „λ ₯ 68 4) λΆ„μ ˆλ³„ κ°μš΄λ™λŸ‰μ˜ 기여도 77 5) 각 κ΄€μ ˆ μ£Όλ³€ 근윑ꡰ의 μΌλŸ‰ 80 β…€. λ…Ό 의 83 1. 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 및 효과 83 2. 골반 μ’…μΆ• μ„  νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ SSC 유무 86 3. ν—ˆλ¦¬ νšŒμ „ λ™μž‘μ˜ 힘 λ°œμƒ 및 전이 κ³Όμ • 88 β…₯. κ²° λ‘  94 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 99 뢀둝 104Docto

    νƒœκΆŒλ„ 지λ₯΄κΈ° λ™μž‘ μ‹œ λͺ©ν‘œ 거리와 지λ₯΄κΈ° 방식에 λ”°λ₯Έ 좩격λ ₯ 비ꡐ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :체윑ꡐ윑과,2004.Maste
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