6 research outputs found

    Intra-Industry Trade of Chinese Textile Industry and Country Specificity

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์„ฌ์œ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ต์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ์ค‘๋ณตํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์‚ฐ์—…๋‚ด๋ฌด์—ญ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์„ฌ์œ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ํ—ฅ์…”-์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ์‹์˜ ๋น„๊ต์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ์••๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋™์ข…์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌด์—ญํŒจํ„ด์€ ๊ต์—ญ๊ตญ๊ฐ„ ์š”์†Œ์ง‘์•ฝ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์žฌ์˜ ๊ต์—ญ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” Falvey(1981) ๋ฐ Falvey and Kierzkowski(1987)์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ต์—ญ๊ตญ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ต์—ญ์€ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ FTA๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋ณด์™„, ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.The Chinese textile industry is known to have a Heckscher-Ohlin type trade pattern with comparative advantage. However, we find considerable trade overlap in the Chinese textile trade if clothing sector is excluded. This paper investigates the two-way trade in the Chinese textile industry by using the vertical intra-industry model. The purpose of this paper is to verify the vertical intra-industry trade theory with a specific industry side, not as a whole country, and to explain the Chinese textile trade with an empirical analysis based on our theory. Through empirical tests using the HS (Harmonized System) 4 digit textile products (HS 5201-5516), this paper came to the following results: first, that the factor endowment between the two countries has a positive impact on the intensity of the vertical intra-industry trade. Second, intra-industry trade is positively related to the economic size. Third, the differences in size between the countries lead to an increase in the vertical intra-industry trade. Finally, the geographic distance leads to a reduction in the intra-industry trade as we expected

    Income-related Health Inequalities in China

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    ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ, ๋„๋†๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ, ์†Œ๋“ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ ๋“ฑ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ›„์ƒ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘์ง€์ˆ˜(concentration index)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” 2006๋…„๋„ ไธญๅœ‹ๅฎถๅบญ็‡Ÿ้คŠๅฅๅบท่ชฟๆŸป ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ 19์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์†Œ๋“, ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ 6,347๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ์™€ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํšŒํ”ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ตฌ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ • ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Since opening up to the western world, China has demonstrated fast economic growth. However, there are growing concerns about regional and urban-rural disparities in income and social welfare including health distribution. In this study, health inequality was estimated using a concentration index. The sample consisted of 6,347 individuals (โ‰ฅ19 y) with information on income, gender and self-rated health (SRH) drawn from the 2006 Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey. True health status was treated as a continuous latent variable following lognormal distribution. An ill health score for each category was obtained by matching the cumulative sample proportion and probability (Kakwani et al., 1997). Gender-age adjusted avoidable health inequality was estimated and compared with western countries. Standard errors and confidence intervals were obtained from bootstrapping experiments. Analysis of the results found that ill health was more pronounced among lower income groups and underdeveloped regions in China. Although the validity of direct international comparison may be limited, the degree of age-gender adjusted avoidable health inequality was found to be smaller than that of the UK and the US, but was roughly equal to that of other industrialized countries. Considering growing concerns about health inequality in many advanced countries, it is advisable for China to continue monitoring domestic health distribution

    A Study on the Consumption Pattern of Chinese Midwest Agricultural Regions: A Survey on the Village Level

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    ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋Œ€์™ธ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋†์ดŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋†์ดŒ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์ด์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ํ˜„์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ถ€ ํ›„๋ฒ ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„œ๋ถ€ ๊พธ์ด์ €์šฐ์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋†์ดŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ค‘์„œ ๋ถ€๋†์ดŒ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ํŒจํ„ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋“๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ€์ „ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ €์ถ•์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์€ ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐœํ˜, ์ž๋…€ ํ•™๋น„๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๋งŒ์ผ ์†Œ๋“์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰์— ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. China has the worlds largest consumer population and fastest economic growth rate. Since reform and opening to the outside world, Chinese consumer market with 1.4 billion population has attracted worldwide attention. Because of the 2008 financial crisis that originated in the U.S., Chinese government realized that its economic growth policies depended on the state of the overseas markets. The government started to focus on developing its domestic market. Chinese rural population accounts for two thirds of the total population, and they consume about one third of the countrys total merchandise. The purpose of the article is to analyze the situation, the potential and the characteristics of Chinas rural consumer market, and investigate the constraints. It asks if rural consumer market will grow, and if so, what kind of products will be purchased in rural China. Our findings are as follows: 1) Poor consumption performances of rural area were due to the absolutely low income levels in middle and western regions; 2) Jia Dian Xia Xiang' policy actually influenced consumption of durable goods in rural areas; 3) however, rural consumers are much more concerned about savings rather than consumptions due to the instability of the social welfare systems; 4) the unstable future of the peasants is related to insufficient rural health care and funding for financing education for their children, etc.; 5) if rural consumers have a chance to consume, they would prefer housing reform related goods rather than durables
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