93 research outputs found
μμΆ© μλ¬Όμ μμμ§μΈ μ₯κ΅°μ΅μ§μ 보μ κ³Ό κ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό μν κΈ°μ΄λ‘μμ ν μ μ’ μ μν
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μ¬λ²λν κ³Όνκ΅μ‘κ³Ό, 2021.8. κΉμ¬κ·Ό.In the montane wetland, habitats of various wildlife including insectivorous plants, hydrological properties could change significantly with climate change, resulting in change of vegetation structure. Insectivorous plants replenish nutrition from insects and this distinctive life style makes these plants valuable to preserve. Janggun wetland, one of the representative montane wetlands in Republic of Korea, is valuable because insectivorous plants including Utricularia yakusimensis and several endangered species inhabit this wetland. However, insectivorous plants in the wetland are in danger of extinction due to the decrease of water level. This study was conducted to figure out the species composition and the germination characteristics of seeds of insectivorous plants by seed bank analysis in Janggun wetland. Ten points in the wetland were selected and three layers of soil were collected by depth in May 2020. A vegetation survey was conducted with 10 quadrats installed around points where sediment soils were selected, in August 2020. A mesocosm experiment was set with the collected soils from June to October and emerged individuals were identified and charted consistently. Total 5,820 individuals of 29 species appeared in seed bank, and Eriocaulon cinereum was the most abundant species in seed bank. In addition, the number of emerged individuals decreased as the depth of seed bank deepens. Shannon β Wiener diversity index of seed banks in annual plants increased in the deeper seed bank. Regardless of the depth of seed bank, community overlap indices between seed banks and aboveground vegetation of the wetland were relatively high in annual plants than perennials. In perennial plants, diversity indices were mostly high due to the lack of dominant species. The insectivorous plants, unlike the absence in the wetland vegetation, U. yakusimensis, Utricularia racemosa, and Drosera rotundifolia appeared in seed banks where the shoots of Molinia japonica were rare and ground was inundated. It is thought that light and water level conditions for the germination and growth of insectivorous plants have not been satisfied in Janggun wetland, because of water level decrease and the formation of dominant communities of M. japonica. This study proved the possibility of reemergence of insectivorous plants from soil seed bank if the proper management about water and M. japonica is provided. Seed bank study for understanding distribution, germination characteristics, and the lifespan of seeds of various species is expected to be used for the conservation of species diversity of Janggun wetland, the management of montane wetlands, and the conservation of insectivorous plants.μμΆ© μλ¬Όμ λΉλ‘―ν λ€μν λμλ¬Όμ μμμ§μΈ μ°μ§ μ΅μ§λ κΈ°ν λ³νμ λ°λΌ μλ¬Ένμ νΉμ±μ΄ ν¬κ² λ³νν μ μκ³ μ΄λ‘ μΈν΄ μμ κ΅¬μ‘°κ° λ°λ μ μλ€. μμΆ© μλ¬Όμ κ³€μΆ©μ μμ·¨ν¨μΌλ‘ μλΆμ μ»λ λ°©μμ μ·¨νλ©° λ
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μ μνμ κΉμ΄κ° κΉμμλ‘ λ°μν κ°μ²΄μλ κ°μνμλ€. μΌλ
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κ·κ°, μ΄μκ·κ°, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λλμ΄μ£Όκ±±μ΄ μΆννμλ€. μ₯κ΅°μ΅μ§ λ΄μμ μμΆ© μλ¬Όμ λ°μμ μμ‘μ νμν λΉκ³Ό μμ μ‘°κ±΄μ΄ μ§νΌλ¦¬μμ μ°μ κ΅°λ½ νμ±κ³Ό μμ μ νμ μν΄ μΆ©μ‘±λμ§ λͺ»νκ³ μλ κ²μΌλ‘ νλ¨λμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μμΆ© μλ¬Όμ μμμ§λ‘μ λ³΄νΈ κ°μΉκ° ν° μ₯κ΅°μ΅μ§μ λ¬Όκ³Ό μ§νΌλ¦¬μμ κ΄λ¦¬κ° μ μ ν μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ€λ©΄, ν μ μ’
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. Introduction 1
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‘. Materials and methods 5
1. Study site 5
2. Field survey 6
3. Experimental design and procedure 6
4. Statistical analyses 9
β
’. Results 10
1. Species composition in seed bank 10
2. Species diversity of seed banks in annual and perennial plants 15
3. Temporal dynamics of seedling emergence and the presence of insectivorous plants in seed bank 19
β
£. Discussion 21
1. Species composition in seed bank 21
2. Species diversity of seed banks in annual and perennial plants 22
3. Presence of insectivorous plants in seed bank 24
β
€. Conclusion 26
References 27
Abstract in Korean 30
Appendix 32μ
Comparative study on structures and practices of criminal justice systems : focusing on court systems in Germany and the United States
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μΌκ³Ό λ―Έκ΅μ νμ¬μ¬λ²κΈ°κ΄μΈ λ²μμ μ‘°μ§κ΅¬μ±κ³Ό μ΄μνν©μ μ΄ν΄λ³΄μλ€. μ
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μΌκ³Ό λ―Έκ΅μ μ¬λ²μ²΄κ³, λ²μμ‘°μ§μ ꡬμ±κ³Ό μ΄μλ°©μμ λΉκ΅λΆμνμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν λλ‘ κ²°λ‘ μμλ μ°λ¦¬λλΌμ μ¬λ²κΈ°κ΄ κ°νΈ λ° κ°ν μμ
μ μ μ©κ°λ₯ν μμ¬μ μ λμΆνμλ€. This study deals with the structures and practices of court systems in Germany and the United States from a comparative perspective. For the purpose, this study introduces the theories of criminal justice systems, from which it draws three categories for a comparative discussion as a research frame: criminal systems, organizational structures of courts and their practices. To help understanding of court systems in the two countries, this study reviews and examines the present states of organizational structures and practices of courts in Germany and the United States. As a main part, this study analyzes the court systems and practices in Germany and the United States comparatively, based on the categories in the research frame. The conclusion in this study makes several applicable suggestions to the judicial reforms in Korea for benchmarking
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