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    ์•กํ™”์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค(LNG)๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

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    In the global trading market, the portion of shipping far exceeds that of any other trading methods. Despite the fact that shipping accounts for 80% of the worldโ€™s freight, it only consumes 2% of the worldโ€™s energy and has a carbon emission rate of only 3.3%. Thus, shipping is not only very efficient but also eco-friendly. For better environment and sustainability, todayโ€™s trend of increasing restriction of carbon emission and demanding more eco-friendly approach have become inevitable in the shipping industry. For example, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emission rates have already been reduced 5 to 20% of current rate since the introduction of MAPOLโ€™s regulation. In 2011, IMO has decided to implement EEDI(Energy Efficiency Design Index) which requires reduction of greenhouse gas emission to 30% of current rate to all newly built ships over the course of 12 years, starting from 2013. Since most current ships rely on bunker fuel which releases a lot of greenhouse gas, they require either nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst, desulfurization equipment, or high-priced low sulfuric fuel in order to meet the new MAPOLโ€™s regulation. However, because these methods increase the cost of building and operation, utilization of LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) as a fuel source has gained attention as an emerging solution recently. LNG as fuel is not a new invention thoughtoday LNG is used as main propulsion fuel for some Norwegian ferries and offshore vessels. The bunkering is done by truck or directly from a shore based terminal, a proven technology that works well in Norway. This is not an alternative for larger ships though, where the LNG volumes are too large and the supply from a tanker truck would be too time-consuming. A build-up of an LNG supply chain based on ship to ship bunkering instead is therefore of significant importance for LNG to become a real alternative to Heavy Fuel oil and other bunker fuels. Nevertheless, there are no existing international guidelines for the procedure of ship to ship bunkering of LNG have not been established up to date. This paper aims at establishing a Green Ship design for the LNG fuelled vessels and encompassing the entire bunkering operation.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ List of Tables List of Figures Abstract ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1.2 ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 1.3 LNG์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ 2 ์žฅ LNG ๊ด€๋ จ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2.1 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ทœ์ œ 2.1.1 ์งˆ์†Œ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ(NOx), ํ™ฉ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ(SOx) ๊ทœ์ œ 2.1.2 ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทœ์ œ 2.1.3 ๊ฐ€์Šค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ถ”์ง„์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ธฐ์ค€ 2.2 ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค(Natural Gas)์˜ ํŠน์ง• 2.3 ์•กํ™”์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค(LNG) ์šด๋ฐ˜์„  2.3.1 ์•กํ™”์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค(LNG) ์šด๋ฐ˜์„  ๊ฐœ๋… 2.3.2 LNG์„ ์˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 2.3.3 LNG์„  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 2.3.4 LNG์„ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ค๋น„ ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 3.1 ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  3.1.1 ์ตœ์  ์„ ํ˜• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 3.1.2 ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  3.1.3 ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ์šฉ 3.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  3.2.1 ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  3.2.2 ์„ ๋ฐ• ํ‰ํ˜•์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜ 3.3 ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ์šดํ•ญ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€ 4.1 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 4.1.1 ์ŠคํŒ€ํ„ฐ๋นˆ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 4.1.2 DFDE ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 4.1.3 Two-Stroke Gas Injection๊ธฐ๊ด€ 4.2 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 4.2.1 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„๊ต 4.2.2 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ถ”์ง„ํšจ์œจ ๋น„๊ต 4.2.3 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋น„๊ต 4.2.4 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„๊ต 4.2.5 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 4.3 ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ฐ€(Methane Number) 4.3.1 ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์˜ 4.3.2 ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 4.4 ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด์ค‘์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์—”์ง„์˜ ์‹ค์„  ์‹œ์šด์ „ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 4.4.1 ์‹ค์„  ์‹œ์šด์ „ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 4.4.2 ์‹ค์„  ์‹œ์šด์ „ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4.4.3 ์‹ค์„  ์‹œ์šด์ „ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ œ 5 ์žฅ LNG๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 5.1 ์„ ๋ฐ• ์„ค๊ณ„ 5.1.1 LNG ์—ฐ๋ฃŒํƒฑํฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 5.1.2 LNG ์—ฐ๋ฃŒํƒฑํฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • 5.1.3 LNG ์—ฐ๋ฃŒํƒฑํฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ 5.1.4 LNG ์—ฐ๋ฃŒํƒฑํฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ IGF Code 5.1.5 LNG ์—ฐ๋ฃŒํƒฑํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์ œ์•ˆ 5.1.6 ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 5.1.7 ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 5.2 LNG ๋ฒ™์ปค๋ง(Bunkering) ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 5.2.1 ํƒฑํฌ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ LNG๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ 5.2.2 ์œก์ƒ LNG ํƒฑํฌ ๋˜๋Š” LNG Terminal์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ 5.2.3 Ship to Ship์œผ๋กœ LNG๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ 5.2.4 LNG ์ถฉ์ „๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.3 LNG๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.3.1 ๊ฑด์กฐ๋น„์šฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.3.2 ์šดํ•ญ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.3.3 ํ•ญ๋กœ๋ณ„ ์šดํ•ญ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.3.4 ์šดํ•ญ ์†๋„ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.4 ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถ”์ง„๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ

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