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    A Study of the Janggun System in Silla

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตญ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๊ถŒ์˜ค์˜.In the ancient Northeast Asian society, the Janggun(ๅฐ‡่ป) was one of the most widely recognized titles that indicated a general who commands military power to conduct wars. In Silla(ๆ–ฐ็พ…), the post of Janggun was a formal component of the public office and was often considered a permanent position. The fact that all the Jeong(ๅœ) that had been established before the unification of Silla, among the military organizations with Jangguns that appear in the Jikgwan-Ji(่ทๅฎ˜ๅฟ—) of the Samguk Sagi(ไธ‰ๅœ‹ๅฒ่จ˜: the Chronicles of the Three States), were considered to be permanent and region-wide military organizations supports this statement. In Silla, however, the Jeong was not a military organization consisting of the command and troops but was a term that was used to describe a military base. After improving its centralized governmental system, the royal court of Silla organized the army, which consisted of the military forces from the capital stationed at the Jeong constructed at the seat of the military governor of each Ju(ๅทž), that is, the Gunju(่ปไธป), as well as regional troops mobilized by influential individuals in the area, at wartime. This army was commanded by the Janggun appointed by the royal court. The rules for appointment of Janggun post stipulated that the appointee should be a member of the Jingol(็œž้ชจ) nobility and one of the officials from the Sangdang(ไธŠๅ ‚) to Sangsin(ไธŠ่‡ฃ). This post was unique in its form and was different from other public posts, and showed that the Janggun was a temporary post and that the right person, who was a Jingol, held the position of at least vice minister or higher ranking offices and had the abilities to resolve the crisis, could be appointed in the time of emergency. During the war for unifying the three kingdoms in the late seventh century, the title (Haenggun)Chongwan[(่กŒ่ป)ๆ‘ ็ฎก] was used along with Janggun to describe the commanders of the Silla army. This could be understood as a temporary countermeasure to enable the qualification thresholds of military commanders to become lower than the regulations for appointing Jangguns, on account of the increasing demand for military commanders. This was also a measure taken to facilitate the relations with the Tang(ๅ”) army, which used the title of HaenggunChonggwan(่กŒ่ป็ธฝ็ฎก). Before the Janggun was first introduced into Sillas public office, the first individual who exercised military command was the monarch. As the commander-in-chief, the monarch frequently took the field at wartime to prove their competence in the early stages of Silla. However, as the purpose of war changed, and as the possibility of physical damage increased, the monarchs rarely began to participate in the battles. Historical records from the early ancient period show that individuals from various positions participated in wars alongside the high-ranking personnel with military duties. That is, the monarch monopolized the military command authority and was further able to delegate and withdraw the power flexibly depending on the situation. The Left and Right Gunju(ๅทฆยทๅณ่ปไธป) were instated as the first public posts that have command over the military in the second year of the reign of Beolhyu Isageum(ไผไผ‘ๅฐผๅธซไปŠ). These posts, however, were not incorporated into the public office system because the issue of who would have the command at peacetime came under debate. While the post of the DaeJanggun(ๅคงๅฐ‡่ป) did appear in the second year of the reign of Jobun Isageum(ๅŠฉ่ณๅฐผๅธซไปŠ), it held little significance, other than the fact that it was the first time a Janggun post was instated. The institutional origin of the Janggun post could be traced back to the Left and Right Janggun(ๅทฆยทๅณๅฐ‡่ป) instated in the sixteenth year of the reign of Jabi Maripgan(ๆ…ˆๆ‚ฒ้บป็ซ‹ๅนฒ) (473). Interestingly, there was a 50 years gap until the post of Janggun reappeared in records in the mid-sixth century. Previous studies have speculated that the Gunju took initiatives during this period by engaging in wars and leading the way to the expansion of Silla. It is, however, difficult to find evidence of such actions in historical records. Instead, research suggests the Gaya(ๅŠ ่€ถ) region and the area near the Han River(ๆผขๆฑŸ) were annexed by Jangguns appointed from the royal court. A large military force was needed to breach the defensive system of each kingdom that was fortified by many fortresses, and the Silla court mobilized its military capacity from every field and appointed high-ranking officials as military commanders. The Janggun post was a continuation of the ancient tradition in that the commanding power was delegated and could be withdrawn. At the same time, the Janggun was a new post instated in response to the improvements made into Sillas governmental system and the changes in warfare as Silla transitioned into the middle-ancient period. The military command authority the monarch delegated to the Janggun during wartime was an exclusive authority with a comprehensive control. Before attacking Sabi Fortress(ๆณ—ๆฒ˜ๅŸŽ) in 660, Kim Yu-shin(้‡‘ๅบพไฟก) was willing to face military collision with Su Dingfang(่˜‡ๅฎšๆ–น) to protect the military command authority vested in him by King Muyeol(ๆญฆ็ƒˆ็Ž‹). When the Tang court treated him as a subject and a feudal lord to China, King Munmu(ๆ–‡ๆญฆ็Ž‹) appointed the supreme commander of the Silla army as the DaeChonggwan(ๅคงๆ‘ ็ฎก), which was a position used in the Tang army, to show that his status was commensurate to that of the Tang emperor. The exclusiveness of the military command authority was visualized through symbols and related rituals. The ax Kim Yu-shin held when confronting Su Dingfang was supposedly a symbol from his monarch, King Muyeol, upon Kim Yu-shins appointment as Janggun, thereby serving a similar function as the banner[ๆ—Œ็ฏ€] used during the Tang dynasty or the ceremonial sword[็ฏ€ๅˆ€] used in ancient Japan. Axes were commonly used to signify ones military command authority until the Warring States Period in China. It shows how the Janggun post in Silla until the end of the seventh century was related to the systems of the early dynasties in China while having unique characteristics. The military command authority was delegated and withdrawn through a specific ceremony. Directly after the fall of Goguryeo(้ซ˜ๅฅ้บ—), King Munmu paid his respects at the ancestral shrines of former kings and announced his victory, a ritual which would have been mandatory for Jangguns by law. Visits to ancestral shrines before going into war and returning from the battlefield first became rituals in the Former Han(ๅ‰ๆผข) dynasty. The Silla court would have been aware of this rite as they accepted Confucianism in the sixth century. It is, therefore, likely that there were ceremonies held at ancestral shrines in Silla where Jangguns were newly appointed and were given the authority to command the military. The military command authority, also called Pyeoneuijongsagwon(ไพฟๅฎœๅพžไบ‹ๆฌŠ: the authority to take actions), granted the commander with authority to control the action of the members of the military organization by giving out punishments and rewards. This authority, however, did not imply that the commander could execute any arbitrary decisions. An official set of military commands, called Seo(่ช“), was promulgated in Silla before the war was declared and became the standards for punishments and rewards and the will of execution based on the standards. The Seo stipulated that soldiers would be either rewarded or punished if they succeed or fail to attain the assigned goal and that the rules were binding to everyone during wartime, at such a degree that even the emperor was not free from censure if they were to reverse their position. In regards to punishments, the wartime law of punishing passive soldiers with death is timeless and universal. This phenomenon could be traced back to the fact that disobeying orders of a military commander was unforgivable and that no punishment could be heavier than the death sentence. There was more discretion for rewards, but rewards also had to be granted by following a particular protocol. A comparison of the historical records on the rewards given directly after the fall of Goguryeo with the provisions of the Gunbangryeong(่ป้˜ฒไปค: military laws) of ancient Japan shows that Silla had various administrative procedures for rewarding military victories. In Silla, one governmental post was held by multiple official ranks, and promotions or demotions in the official ranks could lead to changes in the hierarchy and duties within the same government office. The dispute surrounding rewards described in Yeol-gi(่ฃ‚่ตท) shows that rewards given by the military law could not be exceptions to the official ranks. The governmental post that has been confirmed to have exercised military functions, including the military command authority, aside from the Janggun, was the Gunju. Previous studies have equated the Janggun with Gunju. However, the Janggun post, which was assumed by government officials, should be distinguished from that of the Gunju, who oversaw the governance and the military aspects of specific regions and was a governmental post of a different level. A Janggun could go into war only after the royal court made the decision and had a relatively higher level of freedom to which region he held battles or in what scales. The Gunju, on the other hand, could only engage in battles for defending his jurisdictional boundaries or retrieving lost lands. The Janggun was also able to mobilize troops under another chain of command using his military command authority, while the Gunju had limited competences, such that he needed to ask permission from the royal court to move the troops within his jurisdiction. The Janggun was also in charge of various war-related tasks aside engaging in warfare, such as diplomatic negotiations, or controlling the occupied territories. This may be why the law stipulated that only the officials of the central government who held the position higher than vice minister could be appointed Janggun since the Janggun was required to play such roles. The Gunju, on the other hand, made routine checks of his troops and munitions in peacetime and, at times, maintained law and order by arresting thieves. The Janggun was thus able to utilize the military power of a selected area after being appointed to the post, based on the military capacity maintained by the Gunju of the region in peacetime. As the scale of mobilized troops increased after the mid-sixth century, the command was also systemized for the efficient management of military power. Historical records on wars show that the Silla army had the posts of DaeJanggun, Janggun, and BuJanggun(ๅ‰ฏๅฐ‡่ป). The command of a single military organization, first of all, consisted of the (Jeong)Janggun[(ๆญฃ)ๅฐ‡่ป] and a BuJanggun that assists him. Rules found in ancient Japan's YangroGunbangryeong(้คŠ่€่ป้˜ฒไปค), along with the passages from the tablet found in the Royal Tomb of King Heungdeok(่ˆˆๅพท็Ž‹), show that this structure had been stipulated in Silla before the end of the seventh century and until the ninth century. Moreover, as more military organizations began to be mobilized, the DaeJanggun assumed a higher command of each command group and took a comprehensive control over the military power. The posts of DaeJanggun, (Jeong)Janggun, and BuJanggun were distinguished by the hierarchy and duties among the people appointed as Janggun; it is speculated that government officials with the rank of Yichan(ไผŠ้ฃก: 2nd rate) or higher could be appointed as DaeJanggun whereas officials with the rank of Sachan(ๆฒ™้ฃก: 7th rate) or higher could be appointed as (Jeong)Janggun. A new type of Janggun that differed from the Janggun appointed for warfare appeared at the end of the seventh century. The SiwuibuJanggun(ไพ่ก›ๅบœๅฐ‡่ป), a new and permanent post instated in the fifth year of the reign of King Sinmun(็ฅžๆ–‡็Ž‹) (685), was the minister of the Siwibu(ไพ่ก›ๅบœ), which was a permanent organization that functioned as the royal guard. This marked the first change in the Janggun post. Considering that the Nine-Seodang(ไน่ช“ๅนข), consisting of Silla people and people from other ethnic groups, were permanent organizations that reinforced the authority of the monarch, the Janggun post at the Nine-Seodang would also have been permanent. The Janggun post was managed based on the existing principle in wartime, even after the eighth century, during Sillas military expedition to Balhae(ๆธคๆตท). However, there were also cases in which the title of Janggun was vested in an individual. It is likely that the title HyogiJanggun(้ฉ้จŽๅฐ‡่ป), which could be found in the tablet from the Royal Tomb of King Heungdeok, was used to indicate the commander of the palace guards. Nevertheless, it is more likely that the title, in this case, did not signify a governmental post but was a permanent title for someone who had been commanding the private military power of a victor in a dispute over succession in the late Silla period, and was assigned to the palace guards in the aftermath. The new title of PyeongdongJanggun(ๅนณๆฑๅฐ‡่ป) first appeared as King Sinmu(็ฅžๆญฆ็Ž‹) acceded to the throne. It was created by Kim Woo-jing(้‡‘็ฅๅพต), who had been dependent on Jang Bo-go(ๅผตไฟ็š)s military power, in order to make Kim Yang(้‡‘้™ฝ) a Janggun. This new post, however, created a rift in the status of the Janggun post, which had wielded the same authority as the monarch during wartime. The title of JinhaeJanggun(้Žญๆตทๅฐ‡่ป), which was given to Jang Bo-go, who was not a Jingol, was a permanent title that officially recognized his military command authority over the Cheonghae-Jin(ๆทธๆตท้Žญ) and a reflection of the changes in the Janggun title. While the Janggun post cannot be found in the public office of Silla afterward, prominent figures of each region declared themselves to be Jangguns because they were aware of the fact that it was a governmental post with military command authority. The decision to appoint military officers of the central government as DaeJanggun and to command the regional Jangguns in the early Goryeo(้ซ˜้บ—) dynasty was also an outcome that reflected the operating principles of the Janggun system in Silla.๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๅฐ‡่ป์€ ์ „์Ÿ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์šฉ์–ด๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ๅฎ˜ๅˆถ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ์„ ์ƒ์ž„์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ใ€Šไธ‰ๅœ‹ๅฒ่จ˜ใ€‹ ่ทๅฎ˜ๅฟ—์˜ ๆญฆๅฎ˜ๆข์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง ์ค‘, ํ†ต์ผ ์ด์ „์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ่ซธๅœ์„ ์ƒ์„ค ๊ด‘์—ญ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ผ์—์„œ ๅœ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€์™€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™์ง‘๊ถŒ์  ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ •๋น„ ์ดํ›„ ์‹ ๋ผ ์กฐ์ •์€ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ ๅทž์˜ ่ปไธป ์†Œ์žฌ์ง€์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋‘”ํ•˜๋Š” ์™•๊ฒฝ ์ถœ์‹  ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์œ ๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋™์›ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ถœ์‹  ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์ „์Ÿ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์กฐ์ง์ธ ่ป์„ ํŽธ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์กฐ์ •์—์„œ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž„๋ช… ๊ทœ์ •์€ ็œž้ชจ ์‹ ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ไธŠๅ ‚๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ไธŠ่‡ฃ๊นŒ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ง์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ง๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹œ ์ง„๊ณจ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ๊ด€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๊นŒ์ง€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌํƒœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ƒ์ž„์ง์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์‚ผ๊ตญ ํ†ต์ผ ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘ ์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ (่กŒ่ป)ๆ‘ ็ฎก์ด ์‹ ๋ผ๊ตฐ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์˜ ๋ช…์นญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž„๋ช… ๊ทœ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์™„ํ™”ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—, ่กŒ่ป็ธฝ็ฎก์„ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹น๊ตฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจํ•ด์ง„ ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ๊ด€์ œ์—์„œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ่ปไปคๆฌŠ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๅ›ไธป ๋ณธ์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๅ›ไธป๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์›์  ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋กœ, ์‹ ๋ผ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ถœ์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์œก์ฒด์  ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๅ›ไธป์˜ ์ถœ์ง„์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ไธŠๅคๆœŸ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๋œ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋“ฑ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€์ž ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ถœ์ง„์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๅ›ไธป๊ฐ€ ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์„ ๋…์ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์œ„์ž„ยทํšŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ด€์ง์œผ๋กœ ไผไผ‘ๅฐผๅธซไปŠ 2๋…„์— ๅทฆยทๅณ่ปไธป๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๅนณๆ™‚์˜ ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ ๋ณด์œ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ด€์ œ์— ์•ˆ์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๅŠฉ่ณๅฐผๅธซไปŠ 2๋…„์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๅคงๅฐ‡่ป์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ด€์ง์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๋“ฑ์žฅ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๆ…ˆๆ‚ฒ้บป็ซ‹ๅนฒ 16๋…„(473)์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๅทฆยทๅณๅฐ‡่ป์„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 6์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 50๋…„์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ่ปไธป๊ฐ€ ์ž์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ์„ ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ€์•ผ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ฐ• ์œ ์—ญ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์กฐ์ •์—์„œ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ŒํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‹ ๋ผ ์กฐ์ •์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋™์›ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •์˜ ๊ณ ๊ด€์„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ์œ„์ž„ยทํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๊ณ„์Šนํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—, ไธญๅคๆœŸ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ •๋น„์™€ ์ „์Ÿ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ๊ด€์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ „์Ÿ์— ์ž„ํ•ด ๅ›ไธป๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์€ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐํƒ€์  ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 660๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋น„์„ฑ ๊ณต๋žต์— ์•ž์„œ ๊น€์œ ์‹ ์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๆญฆ็ƒˆ็Ž‹์˜ ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ่˜‡ๅฎšๆ–น๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๅ” ์กฐ์ •์ด ๆ–‡ๆญฆ็Ž‹์„ ่•ƒ่‡ฃยท่•ƒๅฐ‡์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ž ๋ฌธ๋ฌด์™•์€ ์‹ ๋ผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ด์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์„ ๋‹น๊ตฐ์˜ ์ง์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๅคงๆ‘ ็ฎก์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ๋‹น ํ™ฉ์ œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•จ์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๊น€์œ ์‹ ์ด ์†Œ์ •๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์น˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฅ์—ˆ๋˜ ้‰ž์€ ๋‹น์˜ ๆ—Œ็ฏ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ็ฏ€ๅˆ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์ž„๋ช… ์‹œ ๅ›ไธป์ธ ๋ฌด์—ด์™•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์›”์€ ๆ˜ฅ็ง‹ๆˆฐๅœ‹ๆ™‚ไปฃ๊นŒ์ง€ ์†Œ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์™•์กฐ์˜ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ ๋ผ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ์œ„์ž„๊ณผ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ ค ๋ฉธ๋ง ์งํ›„ ๋ฌธ๋ฌด์™•์€ ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์™•์„ ๋ชจ์‹  ๅ…ˆ็ฅ–ๅปŸ์— ์ฐธ๋ฐฐํ•ด ์Šน์ „์„ ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์žฅ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ถœ์ง„ ๋ฐ ๊ท€ํ™˜ ์‹œ ์ข…๋ฌ˜์— ์ฐธ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๅ‰ๆผข ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ ๋ผ๋Š” 6์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ž˜ ์œ ํ•™์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ ๋ผ์—์„œ ์ถœ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๊ตฐ์„ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์„ ์œ„์ž„ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์„ ์กฐ๋ฌ˜์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ไพฟๅฎœๅพžไบ‹ๆฌŠ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ต์ œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์ž์˜์  ์ง‘ํ–‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ „์— ์•ž์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ํฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ่ช“๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜ํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์—๋Š” ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ์‹คํŒจ ์‹œ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ํฌ์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ™ฉ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ญ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ๊ทน์  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๊ทนํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ์›์น™์€ ๋™์„œ๊ณ ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณต์ข…์ด ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์›์น™์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์„ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํญ์ด ๋„“์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ ค ๋ฉธ๋ง ์งํ›„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํฌ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ์˜ ่ป้˜ฒไปค ์กฐ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‹ ๋ผ์—๋„ ่ปๅŠŸ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ–‰์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ๊ด€์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ง์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๋“ฑ์ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ด€๋“ฑ์˜ ์Šน๊ฐ•์€ ๋™์ผ ๊ด€์ง ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์— ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํฌ์ƒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ œ์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Œ์€ ่ฃ‚่ตท์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์™ธ์— ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง๋ฌด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ง์œผ๋กœ ่ปไธป๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ่ปไธป๋ฅผ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ธ ์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฏผ์ •ยท๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ด€ํ• ํ•˜๋Š” ่ปไธป๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธต์œ„์˜ ๊ด€์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ถœ์ง„์€ ์กฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ, ์ถœ์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ่ปไธป๋Š” ๊ด€ํ•  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ํ˜น์€ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถœ์ง„๋งŒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ ๋™์› ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ํ‰์†Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…๋ น ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํœ˜ํ•˜์— ํŽธ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ่ปไธป๋Š” ๊ด€ํ•  ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ ์ด๋™์กฐ์ฐจ ์กฐ์ •์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๊ทธ ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์Ÿ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ต์„ญ ๋ฐ ์ ๋ น ์ง€์—ญ ํ†ต์ œ ๋“ฑ ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™ ๊ด€์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ๊ด€ ์ด์ƒ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„, ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ่ปไธป๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„์  ์ถ”ํฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์น˜์•ˆ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ่ปไธป๊ฐ€ ํ‰์‹œ์— ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ด€ํ•  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์ž„๋ช… ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„ ๋™์›๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€๋„ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์Ÿ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์‹ ๋ผ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ตฐยท์žฅ๊ตฐยทๅ‰ฏๅฐ‡่ป์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ์„  1๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ (ๆญฃ)์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ขŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ ใ€ˆ้คŠ่€่ป้˜ฒไปคใ€‰์˜ ์กฐ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ใ€ˆ่ˆˆๅพท็Ž‹้™ต็ข‘ใ€‰ ๋น„ํŽธ์˜ ้Š˜ๆ–‡์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ๋ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋กœ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด 9์„ธ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๊ฐ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ (์ •)์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…๋œ ์ž๋“ค์„ ์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ไผŠ้ฃก ์ด์ƒ, (์ •)์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ๆฒ™้ฃก ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๋“ฑ์„ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์Ÿ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ็ฅžๆ–‡็Ž‹ 5๋…„(685)์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ไพ่ก›ๅบœๅฐ‡่ป์€ ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์นœ์œ„ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์ด์ž ์ƒ์„ค ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ์‹œ์œ„๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒ์ž„ ์žฅ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ, ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์ด์ข…์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ไน่ช“ๅนข๋„ ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์„ค ์กฐ์ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ƒ์ž„์ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 8์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋ฐœํ•ด ์›์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์นญํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์†๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ใ€ˆํฅ๋•์™•๋ฆ‰๋น„ใ€‰ ๋น„ํŽธ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ้ฉ้จŽๅฐ‡่ป์€ ็ฆ่ป์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ด€์ง์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ ๋ผ ไธ‹ไปฃ์˜ ์™•์œ„ ๊ณ„์Šน ๋ถ„์Ÿ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž์˜ ็ง็š„ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ต์†”ํ•˜๋˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์นœ์œ„ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์— ํŽธ์ž…๋œ ํ›„ ์ƒ์‹œ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์นญํ˜ธ์˜€์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ็ฅžๆญฆ็Ž‹์˜ ์ฆ‰์œ„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•œ ๅนณๆฑๅฐ‡่ป์€ ์žฅ๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊น€์šฐ์ง•์ด ๊น€์–‘์„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์„ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์นญํ˜ธ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ๆˆฐๆ™‚์—๋Š” ๅ›ไธป์™€ ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์ธ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณจ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์žฅ๋ณด๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋œ ้Žญๆตทๅฐ‡่ป์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตฌํžˆ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์นญํ˜ธ์ด์ž ๆทธๆตท้Žญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณต์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์‹ ๋ผ ๊ด€์ œ์—์„œ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ ๋ผ ๋ง๊ธฐ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์œ ๋ ฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์„ ์ž์นญํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๋ฌด๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‹ ๋ผ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.ๅบ่ซ– 1 ไธ€. ๅฐ‡่ปๅˆถ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ 24 1. ๅฐ‡่ป่ท์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 24 2. ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 59 ไบŒ. ่ปไปคๆฌŠ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–‰์‚ฌ 99 1. ๊ตฐ๋ น๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜๋ก€ 99 2. ่ช“์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰ 119 ไธ‰. ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ œ์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™” 143 1. ์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ่ปไธป์˜ ์šด์šฉ 143 2. ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 171 3. 8์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ์ž„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„ 191 ็ต่ซ– 217 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 228 Abstract 243Docto

    The Wartime Deployment of the Yukjeong(๏ง‘ๅœ) of Silla(ๆ–ฐ็พ…)

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ๋…ธํƒœ๋ˆ.๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” 6~7์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‹ ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฅธ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๏ง‘ๅœ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๆˆฐๆ™‚ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ 6์ • ์ด์ „ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์กฐ์ง์—๋Š” ๏ง‘้ƒจๅ…ต๊ณผ ๆณ•ๅนข์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ้ƒจ้ซ”ๅˆถ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ 6๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ธต ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋™์›ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 6๋ถ€๋ณ‘์€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ์„ฑ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ•๋‹น์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๊ฑฐ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋‘”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์œ ๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋™์›๋œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฒ•๋‹น์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์€ ๆœจๆŸ„ๅˆ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณตํ†ต ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  6๋ถ€๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ์„ฑ๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์›์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์œ ๋ ฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์›๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณง ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์„ธ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์œ ๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. 6์ • ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๅนข์ด ์ง€๋ช…+ํ–‰์ •๋‹จ์œ„๋ช…+๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜์—ญ๋ช…+์ •์˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ทจํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰์ •๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋…”๋˜ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ”์Œ์„ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 6์ •์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ธ ๅคงๅนข์˜ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๆ นไนƒๅœ์€ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์‹œ์„ค, ่ฅฟๅ…„ๅฑฑๅŸŽ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๅฏŒๅฑฑๅŸŽ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ง€์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๅ…ตๅบซ๋“ค์€ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด์ž ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ค‘์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ์™€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณ‘๊ณ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ๅœ์— ๋™์›๋œ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ํ†ต์ผ์— ์ด์–ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํŽธ์„ฑ๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ 6์ •์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ „์‹œ ์šด์šฉ์—์„œ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ž‘์ „๊ธฐํš๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ง€ํœ˜๊ถŒ์ž์ธ ๅฐ‡่ป์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ „์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์™•์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6์ •์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ์™•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„œ์•ฝ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋“ฑ, ๊ด€์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ์ •์น˜์  ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „์Ÿ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ฐ์ข… ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ ่ปไธป๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๅทž์˜ ํ–‰์ •, ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ด๊ด„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์–‘์ž๋ฅผ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์— 1๋ช…์”ฉ ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ์—๋„ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ทจ์ž„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ทจ์ž„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ด€์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์Ÿ์— ์ž„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•˜๋˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์™€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์ „์‹œ ์šด์šฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ถœ์ „ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ถŒ์€ ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ด€์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์ €ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ถœ์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์ „์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฅ๊ตฐ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณต์„ธ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ํŽธ์„ฑํ•ด ์ „์žฅ์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ ์ง‘๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œ 6์ • ์šด์šฉ์˜ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ „๋ฉด์ „์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ํŽธ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋‹จ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ํŽธ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‹œ์— ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์ˆ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ตฐ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ้šŠๅคง็›ฃ, ๅฐ‘็›ฃ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ „์ˆ ๋‹จ์œ„ ้šŠ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€, ์ผ์„ ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธ‰ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ้šŠ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ 1,000๋ช…์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋Œ€๊ฐ 1๋ช…๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ฐ 2๋ช…์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๅœ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ้šŠ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž‘์ „ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œ 6์ • ์šด์šฉ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ „์ˆ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœ์ •๊ตฐ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ์™•์กฐ๋“ค์˜ ็›ฃ่ป๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ ๋ผ์—๋Š” ็›ฃ่ˆ็Ÿฅ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ์™• ์ธก๊ทผ์„ ์นญํ•˜๋Š” ่ˆ็Ÿฅ์™€ ๊ฐ์ฐฐ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ็›ฃ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ง์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์™•์ด ์ง€ํœ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ฐฐ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์™•๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹œ ์‹ ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ง์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.The present study examines the establishment, characteristics, and wartime deployment methods of the Yukjeong(๏ง‘ๅœ, Six Military Corps), which played a central role in the wars that the Silla Dynasty(57 BC-935 AD) waged during the 6th-7th centuries. As for the military organizations of Silla before the Yukjeong, there were the Yukbubyeong(๏ง‘้ƒจๅ…ต) and the Beopdang(ๆณ•ๅนข). In a situation where the Bu(้ƒจ) system was maintained, it was difficult for the Yukbubyeong, which consisted of the ruling classes of the six Bu and the manpower mobilized by them, to respond to increasingly massive wars because disparity in power among the Bu gave rise to inequality within the organization. As the Silla governments strengthening of its domination over the regions during the middle period increased the demand for military strength, the Beopdang emerged newly. The military strength of the Beopdang, which were stationed in strongholds in each region and consisted of residents mobilized with local potentates as the media, was able to reduce the disparity in military strength among corps and to overcome inequality among the Yukbubyeong to a certain degree by using common weapons such as the mokbyeongdo (ๆœจๆŸ„ๅˆ€, wooden-hilted sword). However, as long as local potentates responsible for mobilization exercised the actual right of command, it was difficult for military organizations formed through potentates in each region, among whom there was a disparity in power, to arrive at complete equality because the potentates capacity for mobilization translated directly into military strength. Unlike the existing dang(ๅนข), which was expressed as in name of the place + name of the administrative unit + dang, the Yukjeong adopted the form name of the territory + jeong(ๅœ, corps) thus making it possible to assume that the nature of corps bases held by past administrative units transferred to the jeong. Judging from its location, facilities, and relationship with Seohyeongsanseong (่ฅฟๅ…„ๅฑฑๅŸŽ, Seohyeongsan Fortress), Geunnae-jeong(ๆ นไนƒๅœ, Geunnae Corps), which was one of the corps bases of the Daedang(ๅคงๅนข), the representative of the Yukjeong, is highly likely to have been Busanseong(ๅฏŒๅฑฑๅŸŽ, Busan Fortress). Like the storehouses of Busanseong, armories installed on corps bases were emphasized as symbols of the Silla governments control over military strength and as major facilities. Because the military functions of corps bases were realized through a combination of weapons and manpower, it is possible to infer from the existence of armories that the soldiers mobilized for each jeong performed duties including drills and that, for this, the standardization of the units of the drills was attempted. With the standardization of the internal organization following the unification of the basic equipments, it became possible to expect similar military strength from the corps in the Yukjeong. Such stability was a major factor that improved the efficiency of the Silla governments operational planning and execution in contemporary wartime deployment. The highest wartime commanders, the Janggun(ๅฐ‡่ป, general) were characterized by the fact that, in the special situation of war, they were to command the people on behalf of the king. The Janggun of the Yukjeong are stipulated in historical documents to have been in charge of military units, unlike other military officers, and, judging from the fact that they participated in pledges together with the king and from the official ranks and positions that they held, seem to have been high-ranking officials of the Silla government. The Janggun exhibited a strong political coloring because they had to take care of diverse duties in addition to warfare. During this period, however, besides the Janggun, there also existed the Gunju(่ปไธป), who exercised the right of command. In fact, the two were seen as identical at times because the Gunju were responsible for the administrative and military duties of the ju(ๅทž, provinces). However, unlike the Gunju, each of whom was appointed to a single ju, more than one Janggun were assigned to a single corps and the conditions for inauguration, too, differed. In particular, the fact that the inauguration condition for the Janggun was presented as an official position reflected a characteristic of the Janggun, who were appointed from among appropriate government officials upon the outbreak of war. The Gunju and the Janggun differed in their wartime deployment as well. The right of command of the Gunju did not go beyond their jurisdictions in cases of their participation in battle at the front from historical documents, and this seems to have been the military function of local magistrates in charge of entire regions. On the contrary, in the participation of the Janggun in battle at the front, which became pronounced starting in the mid-7th century, there was no geographical limitation to operations and commanders as a body consisted of a number of Janggun. Against a massive offensive by enemy states, the Silla government selected the method of combining the organization of the corps from each region and dispatching them to the battlefield. The intensive management and standardization of military strength through corps bases in peacetime buttressed the Silla governments policies by making possible the prompt assembly of military forces. The primary characteristic of the wartime deployment of the Yukjeong can be said to be the combined organization of the corps commanded by the Janggun for the purpose of all-out warfare. As the scale of military strength deployed in wartime increased with the combined organization of the corps, tactical units were established for organic command. The Daedaegam(้šŠๅคง็›ฃ) and the Sogam(ๅฐ‘็›ฃ) under the Janggun are thought to have been the commander of the tactical unit dae(้šŠ) and the junior commander of the front, respectively. Historical documents show that a dae consisted of 1,000 soldiers, with one Daedaegam and two Sogam assigned to it. With each jeong composed of multiple dae, the efficiency of operational execution would have increased. The second characteristic of the wartime deployment of the Yukjeong lay in the fact that military organizations consisted of uniform tactical units. On the other hand, the Silla government had to control troops that were active at the front. Like the Jianjun(็›ฃ่ป, Army Inspector) of Chinese dynasties, Silla had the Gamsaji(็›ฃ่ˆ็Ÿฅ), a position combining Saji(่ˆ็Ÿฅ, close associate of the king) and Gam(็›ฃ, inspectional duties) that seems to have been an inspector dispatched by the king separately from the command system. As a means of checking the Janggun, who exercised authority equal to that of the king on the battlefield, the Gamsaji was a position indispensable to contemporary Silla government.๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง 1 ไธ€. ๏ง‘ๅœ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ ๊ณผ์ • 8 1. ๏ง‘้ƒจๅ…ต๊ณผ ๆณ•ๅนข์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 8 2. ๏ง‘ๅœ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ง• 18 ไบŒ. ๏ง‘ๅœ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๆˆฐๆ™‚ ์šด์šฉ 30 1. ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€ ๅฐ‡่ป์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 30 2. ๆˆฐๆ™‚ ๏ง‘ๅœ์˜ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 41 ๋งบ์Œ๋ง 58 ๅƒ่€ƒๆ–‡็ป 63 Abstract 68Maste

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    REFLECTOR OF BACK LIGHT FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND BACK LIGHT UNIT USING THEREOF

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    ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์€ ์•ก์ •ํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์œ ๋‹›์„ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ(Light Emitting Diode, LED)๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์žฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ ๋“ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์žฅํ•œ ์ธ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ๊ธฐํŒ(Printed Circuit Board,PCB); ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ธ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ๊ธฐํŒ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋˜๋„๋ก ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํŒ; ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ธ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ๊ธฐํŒ์˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ฉด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํŒ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๋„ํฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์œ ๋‹›์— ์ผ์ฒดํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์œ ๋‹› ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์œ ๋‹›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ(Light Emitting Diode, LED)๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์žฅ๋œ ์ธ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ๊ธฐํŒ(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํŒ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋งŒ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋„ํฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ •ํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉด.๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ(Light Emitting Diode, LED)๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์žฅ๋œ ์ธ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ๊ธฐํŒ(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํŒ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋งŒ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋„ํฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ •ํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉด.๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ(Light Emitting Diode, LED)๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์žฅ๋œ ์ธ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ๊ธฐํŒ(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํŒ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋งŒ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋„ํฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ •ํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜์šฉ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉด
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