23 research outputs found

    ๊ณ„์žฅํ™” ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 2์ถ• ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€: ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก

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    Residual stress arose inevitably during manufacturing processes is mainly responsible for the fracture and failure of materials and products. Various methods and techniques have been developed to evaluate the residual stress, the instrumented indentation technique has recently come into notice because of its non-destructive, simple and local characteristics. Various indentation models have been developed to determine residual stresses, but no previous models can be applied to a non-equibiaxial residual stress state. To overcome this limitation, a Knoop indentation technique was developed to use the asymmetric characteristics of the Knoop indenter. The Knoop indentation model to measure and quantify the stress directionality p was described. Also, we developed the new algorithm to estimate principal direction of residual stresses by four times of Knoop indentation tests. The previous indentation methods for evaluating residual stress need the stress-free state, because they are based on comparing indentation curves under between stressed state and stress-free state. The new method for estimating indentation parameters under stress-free state from an indentation curve under stressed state was suggested using the concept of invariant properties independent of residual stress. The proposed models and algorithms to estimate stress directionality, principal direction and stress-free state were verified by indentation experiments under various applied stress states which are generated by a stress-generating jig with two independent orthogonal loading axes.์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์†Œ์„ฑ๊ฐ€๊ณต ๋ฐ ์šฉ์ ‘ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์†์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋šซ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋ฒ•, ๋น„ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ X์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์žฅํ™” ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์žฅํ™” ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•(Instrumented Indentation Technique, IIT)์€ ์••์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์••์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์••์ž…ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๊ณก์„ ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์••์ž…ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ธ์žฅ๋ฌผ์„ฑ, ํŒŒ๊ดด์ธ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์žฅํ™” ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์••์ž…ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์žฅ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์••์ž… ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋ฌด์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์••์ถ• ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ์••์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท  ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋ฟ ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์••์ž…์ž์ธ ๋ˆ„ํ”„(Knoop) ์••์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„ํ”„ ์••์ž…์ž์˜ ์žฅ์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ 2ํšŒ ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 0, 45, 90, 135๋„์˜ 4๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ˆ„ํ”„ ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„ํ”„ ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์••์ž… ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณ„์žฅํ™” ์••์ž… ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ธก์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ค์ ‘์ด‰๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด‘ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์••์ž… ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ธ์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฌด์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์••์ž… ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์••์ž… ๊ณก์„  ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Docto
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