고이즈미와 아베 정권 하에서의 북∙일 교섭 분석

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 국제대학원 : 국제학과, 2015. 2. 신성호.본 연구는 일본의 외교 정책이 국제 환경에 수동적으로 반응한다는 관념을 가진 기존 연구들과 달리 일본의 국내적 요인에 초점을 맞추어 북∙일 협상 진전과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 북∙일 관계 발전에서 가장 대표적인 2002년 제 1차 북∙일 정상회담과 2004년 제 2차 북∙일 정상회담 그리고 2014년 북∙일 스톡홀름 합의를 전후로 하는 세 가지 시간 프레임을 설정 후, 그 기간 내에서 공통적인 요소를 찾아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 북한의 군사적 도발 등으로 인한 안보 위협이나 한∙일, 중∙일 관계 그리고 대북 정책에 대한 미국과의 합의 등 일본의 대외적 요인들은 공통적으로 발견되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 반면, 북∙일 협상에 대한 지도자의 강한 의지, 정권의 안정성과 우익 성향, 정권에 대한 국민적 불만 증대, 그리고 일본의 대북정책 결정 과정의 폐쇄성 등 일본의 국내적인 요소들이 세 번의 북∙일 관계 진전을 촉진한 요인 임을 검증하였다. 일본의 대북정책 결정 과정에서 미국과 한국의 영향력을 과소평가할 수는 없지만, 본 논문은 위에 명시된 국내적 요인의 조합이 외부적 환경의 영향력을 감소시켜 고이즈미 정권과 제 2차 아베 정권이 대북정책에서 주도권을 행사하는데 결정적인 역할을 하였음을 보여줄 것이다.In contrast with conventional understanding of the existing literature on Japanese foreign policies which are known to be reactive to international context, this paper focuses on the explanatory power of domestic factors within Japan and their effects on the development of Japan-North Korea negotiations. Within the three historical events in Japan-DPRK relations including the first Japan-DPRK summit of 2002, the second Japan-DPRK summit of 2004 and the Stockholm meeting of 2014, external factors surrounding Japan including the low level of security threat from North Korea, the deterioration of relations between Japan and its neighbors and lastly its consensus with the United States on North Korean policy are not found to be common in the time periods. Instead, Japanese domestic factors including the willpower of strong leaders on Japan-DPRK negotiations, a stable cabinet with a right-wing tendency, growing public disappointment on these administrations, and the closed nature of policymaking towards North Korea without significant involvement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are proved to be facilitating factors in light of their correlation with the three breakthroughs in Japan-DPRK relations. Although U.S. and South Koreas influence on Japans policy towards North Korea cannot be underestimated, this paper argues that the aforementioned combination of domestic factors facilitated the Koizumi and Abe administrations to take a bold initiative towards North Korea by decreasing the influence of these external factors.Abstract (English) i Ⅰ. Introduction 1 1. Literature Review 6 2. Research Methodology 9 Ⅱ. External Factors of Japan on Japan-DPRK Negotiations 12 1. Low level of Security Threat from North Korea 12 2. Deterioration of Relations between Japan and its Neighboring Countries 18 3. Consensus with the United States on North Korean Policy 28 Ⅲ. Internal Factors of Japan on Japan-DPRK Negotiations 39 1. Strong Will from Leaders on Japan-DPRK Negotiations 39 2. Stable Cabinet with Right-wing Tendency 45 3. Growing Public Disappointment in the Administrations 50 4. Closed Nature of Japans North Korean Policymaking 59 Ⅳ. Analysis 65 1. Analysis and Assessment 65 2. Counterfactual Analysis 70 3. Limitations 76 4. Prospects 90 Ⅴ. Conclusion 94 Bibliography 104 Appendix: Chronology of Japan-DPRK Relations since the 1990s 115 Abstract (Korean) 116Maste

Knowledge decoupling: An institutional approach to the gap between the creation and utilization of environmental technologies

While prior work has noted the importance of knowledge creation in gaining competitive advantages, much less is understood about why firms do not actually use what they create. Building upon institutional approaches to organization studies, we offer a new framework to explain the gap between knowledge creation and utilization. We test our framework in an empirical context of sustainable innovation and environmental technologies where ideas of environmental sustainability have recently gained public popularity and shaped how interested audiences make evaluative assessments of firms. In such a context, firms are apt to perceive the social attention toward sustainability to be a normative pressure, which causes them to create new knowledge and develop technologies consistent with the pressure. Using data from the government-initiated certification system for green technologies, our study finds that firms do not always fully implement new environmental technologies they develop in response to the certification program, the situation we refer to as knowledge decoupling. We also examine a set of conditions under which knowledge decoupling becomes more or less amplified. Taken together, our findings show how a firm’s knowledge creation and utilization is shaped by its external institutional environment as well as internal learning processes.