Changes of the composition of lencocytes in the peritoneal cavity and blood following non-specific stimuli

During an acute inflammation, the number of leu' caeytes increases at the site of the lesion. and also the composition of the inflammatory exudates is de~ pendent on the time elapsed since the onset of the reaction and on the kind of the inflammatory stimulus However. there are few reports concerning changes in the number and composition of leucocytes in the peri· toneal cavity depending on the time elapsed after i.p injection of the non-specific stimulants which is ex· peeted to induce the inflammatory reaction Therefore, an experiment was conducted to know changes in the number and composition of the peritoneal exudate induced by i. p. injection of fluid thioglycollate medium and fetal calf serum as nonspecific stimulants. Mice of wild strain were divided into three groups which were intraperitoneal1y injected with 2 ml of fluid thioglycollate medium(3%) , 0.5 ml of fetal calf serum and 1 ml of saline , separately. The peritoneal washin!:s were performed to obtain the peritoneal exudate daily for 7 days after injection of the non-specific stimulants. The total cell counts as well as the differential cell counts of the peritoneal exudates were performed, and also the diffetential cell counts were conducted on the blood. In the differehtial cell counts the proportions of macrophage , Iymphocytes and neutrophils were limited to be checked The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In mice stimulated by fluid thioglycollate medium; The total cell number of the peritoneal" exudate increased to 9.34 x 10'Iml at the maximum level on the third day after stimulation, but gradually reduced to the normal level. The proportion of the peritoneal macrophage came up to 71~73% on the fourth and fifth day after stimulation, but the peritoneal Iymphocyte continued to decrease in the proportion tillthe fifth day and restored the normal proportion on the sixth day. The proportion of the blood monocyte abrup· t\ y increased to 16% on the first and second day after stimulation and thereafter rapidly dropped to the normal level 2. In mice stimulated by fetal calf serum; On the fifth day after stimulation the total cell number of the peritoneal exudate reached 5.04 x 10'Iml and went straight to the normal level. The proportion of the peritoneal macrophages abruptly increased to 55.8% on the second day and maintained the similar level till the fifth day after stimulation. But the peritoneal lymphocyte continued to decrease in the proportion till it restored the normal proportion on the sixth day. The proportion of the blood monocyte abruptly increased to 10.6% on the first after stimulation and thereafter rapidly dropped to the normal level. 3 Significant differences between fluid thioglycollate medium and fetal calf seTum were observed and discussed on the onset and type of mobilization of the leucocytes to the inflammatory site It was concluded 태t h따at du미iπring 비i띠tn1너써flamma따tionι" induced b바y fl뼈ulu IIIπ야crease 미1 n blood monocytes precedes increase in pcritoncal macrophages , and peritoneal lymphocytes are mobilizcd following peritoneal macrophages at the site of the inflammatory reaction

Influences of Non-specific Stimulation on the Phagocytic Activities of Macrophages

Various studies using the peritoneal macrophages of experimental animals have been reported to incrca se the population of the peritoneal macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of non-specific stimulants such as glycogen, mineral oil. newborn calf serum, thioglycollate broth. sodium casinale, etc. Recent re ports suggested that many fu r,ctional differences \\τrc expected bewcen the normal resident macrophagcs 2nd the macophages induced with rwn-specific stimulation However. there were few reports concerning the phagocytic activities of such stimulated macrophagcs on the living particles such as bacteria. An expcri ment was performed to understand the infltenecs of thioglycollate broth and fetal ealf sen:m as non-spe ific stimulants on the phagocytic activities of the mouse peri toneal macrophagcs Mice of DDO srain were divided into two groups which were injected intraperitoneal1y with 2.0ml of fluid thioglycollate medium and O.5ml of fetal calf serum. respectively. The peritoneal exudate cdls were collected 72 hours after thc injection of fluid thioglycollate mcdinm and 48 hours afler thc injection of fetal calf serum. The collected cells were pooled, suspended in the cell maintenance medium, and mixed with the suspension of St aphylococcus aUTeus(Wood-46) at 4°C. to make the bacteria-cell suspension. The bacteriacell suspensions were incubated at 37°C. for 30min. , 60min .• gOmin.• and 120min. , and each suspension was centrifuged (110g , for 5min.) after incubation The viable becteriaI units were counted from the supernatants. The pcrcentages of the viable bacterial units and the phagocytic indices at each incubation time were determined to express the degree of phagocytosis. At the same time , from the stained sediments, the ratios of the macrophages associated with bacteria to the total ones and the distribution of the macrophages laden with bacteria by the bacterial number were also checked. The results obtaincd in this experiments were summerized as follows; 1. The phagocytic indices of the thioglycollate stimulated macrophages were 1. 5 times higher than those of the unstimulated ones until 60 minutes' incubation. but thereafter, were not significantly diff· crent between them. The thioglycollate stimulated macrophages were associated with S. aureus 1. 5'""' 1. 8 times more than the unstimulated ones. and the uumbcrs of the bacteria within or attached to the thioglycollate stimulatcd macrophagcs were also remarkably greater than in case of the unstimulated ones during incubation. 2. No significant differences in the phagocytic indices. the ratios of the macrophages associated with baeleria, and the numbers of bacteria within or attached to the macrophages were observed betwecn the fetal calf serum stimulated macrophages and the uns' timulatcd ones during incubation. It, therefore, was concluded that the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the mouse peritoneal rnacrophage was considerably enhanced with the treatment of fluid thioglycollate medium , whereas it was not altered with the treatment of fetal calf serum

Clinico-Epidcmiological Studies of the Bacterial Infections in 1971

The developments of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and vaccination have recently brought significant changes on the ecological patterns of microbial diseases of man. It was considered worthwhile to study the recent trends and present status of microbial diseases in this country. Thus the relative incidences and etiological relati onships of bacterial species, the pattern of their distributions on the age and sex , and of drug sensi tivities among the strains were studied for the patients of SNU Hospital from April to December in 1971. The results might be summerized as follows; 1. Most stains of Staphylococcus aureus were pri ncipally isolated from the patients with wound infections, osteomyelitis, pneumonia and abscess, and from pus and throat swabs as clinical specimens. About 83% of strains were more susceptible to the leucomycin than any other antibiotics used. 2. Alpha-hemolytic streptococci were mainly isolated from the patients with pneumonia and bronchitis, and from sputum and throat as clinical specimens. 92% of strains showed the susceptibility to the the penicillin and the leucomycin , respectively. 3. High frequencies of the isolation of Diplococcus pηeμ mon iae were showed in the patients with pneu monia and bronchitis, and in such clinical specimens as sputum and throat swab. The susceptible strains to the penicillin and the chloramphenicol amounted to 97% and 90%, respectively. 4. The strains of Escherichia coli were isolated almost from the patients with urinary tract infection , and mostly from urine and pus in the clinical specimens. 62% of the strains were not only susceptible to the neomycin but also 59% to the kanam YCll1. 5. The isolated strains of Coliform bacilli were closely related to the patients with wound infection and urinary tract infection , and to such clinical specimens as urine and pus. Frequencies of the susceptible strain to the kanamycin and the neomycin showed 72% and 62%, respectively. 6. High incidences of Pseudomonae aerμ:ogmosa isolated were showed in the patients with wound infection, abscess, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and burn , and in clinical specimens such as pus , sputum and urine. 56% of the strains were susceptible only to the colimycin. 7. Shigella group B were isolated only from the patients with dysentery and diarrhea and mostly from rectal swab in clinical specimens. 82% of the strains were susceptible to the kanamycin , and also 74% to the neomycin. 8. Most strains of Salmoηella group D were isolated only from the patients with F. U. O. and typhoid fever , and in the clinical specimens from blood and rectal swab. AIl of the strains isolated were susceptible to the neomycin but only 75% to the chloramphenicol. 9. The isolated strains of Klebsiella aerogenes were closely related to the patients with urinary tract infection, wound infection, pneumonia and abscess and in the isolating specimens to urine , pus , sputurn and throat swab. No more than 40% of the strains were susceptible to both the kanamycin and neomyc ll1. 10. Significant conclusions can not be derived from the distibution patterns of the isolated bacterial species on the age and sex in this report