23 research outputs found
Effects of an Education Program using a Narrative Approach for Women with Breast Cancer
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an education program integrating self-efficacy theory and narratives on self-efficacy, knowledge, and resilience in women with breast cancer. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group posttest only design. A 3-day program consisting of sessions in which participants shared their experiences of breast cancer, lectures on breast cancer, and breast self-examinations was implemented. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires in 2013. Results: The mean age of participants was 50.8ยฑ5.3; approximately half (52.8%) had Stage II breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. The results showed that the levels of self-efficacy, knowledge, and resilience were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that programs integrating self-efficacy theory and narratives would be effective in promoting resilience as well as self-efficacy and knowledge in women with breast cancer. Further studies are needed to identify the effects of such education programs for people with other types of cancer or chronic illnesses
Cost analysis of Institutional care and Home care for the elderly
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) --์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ (๊ฐํธํ์ ๊ณต),2009.8.Maste
๋ ธ์ธ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๋ณดํ ์๋น์ค์ ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋ถ์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ ๊ฐํธํ ์ ๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ค์๋
.์ฌํ๊ฐ ๊ณ ๋ นํ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ๋ณ ๋
ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ, ์๋ฃ๋น์ ์์น, ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ค ๋ฑ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค์ด ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๋ ๋
ธ์ธ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๋ณดํ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์๋ฃ๋น ์ง์ถ์ ์ค์ด๊ณ ๋
ธ์ธ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ์ ์ค์ด๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. ์์์ธ์ ์๋ ๋
ธ์ธ์์์์ค์ ์
์ํ๋ ์์ค๊ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์์, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐํธ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ค์ ๋น์ฉ์ด ์ฌ๊ฐ์ ๋นํด ๋์ผ๋ฏ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ด์ฉ์ ๋
๋ คํ๋ ๋
ธ์ธ์ ์ค์ฆ๋ ๋ฐ ์ถ์ ์ง, ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์์๋ ๊ณ ๋ คํด๋ณด์์ผ ํ๋ค.
๋ฐ๋ผ์, ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋
ธ์ธ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๋ณดํ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ธ์ฌ์ ์์ค ๊ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ์๊ธ ๋
ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ์์์ ๋๋ ๋น์ฉ์ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ถํ๊ณ , ๋
ธ์ธ์ QALY, ์ฃผ์๋ฐ์์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ, ๋ถ๋ด๋ง์กฑ๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ก ์ธก์ ํ์ฌ ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋ถ์์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋์์๋ ์์ค๊ธ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๊ณ ์๋ 1~4๋ฑ๊ธ์ 65์ธ ์ด์ ๋
ธ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ถ์์๋ก ํธ์์ถ์ถํ์๋ค. ์๋ฃ ์์ง๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ 2015๋
8์ 1์ผ๋ถํฐ 2015๋
11์ 25์ผ๊น์ง๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๊ธฐ๊ด 8๊ธฐ๊ด์์ ์ด 69๋ถ, ๋
ธ์ธ์์์์ค 7๊ธฐ๊ด์์ ์ด 115๋ถ๋ฅผ ์๋ฃ์์งํ์๊ณ , ์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ 64๋ถ, ์์ค 85๋ถ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค.
๋น์ฉ์ ์ง์ ๋น์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์ธก์ ํ์๋๋ฐ ์ง์ ๋น์ฉ์ ํํ์ ๋น์ฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๋น, ์๋ฃ๊ธฐ๊ด ์ด์ฉ๋น, ์์์๋ชจ๋น, ์ ๋ฃ๊ฐ๋ณ์ธ๋น, ๊ตํต๋น, ๊ธฐํ ์ํ๋น๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ๊ฐ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ๋นํํ์ ๋น์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋น๊ณต์์ ๊ฐ๋ณ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์กฑ๊ฐ๋ณ๋น๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ์ง์ ๋น์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ํฉํ์ฌ ์ฌํ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์ฐ์ถํ์๋ค.
ํจ๊ณผ๋ ๋
ธ์ธ์ ์ถ์ ์ง์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ์์กด ๋
์์ธ QALY๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ธ์ฌ์ ์์ค๊ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ํ๊ท ์์กด๋
์์ EQ-5D๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ธก์ ํ ์ถ์ ์ง ๊ฐ์ค์น๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ์ฌ QALY๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ถํ์๋ค. ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ์๋ง์กฑ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ถ์ค๋(1994), Son et al(2003)์ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์์ ๋ณด์ํ์ฌ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ๋น์ฉ๊ณผ ํจ๊ณผ๋ t-test, ฯ2 ๊ฒ์ ์ ํตํ์ฌ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ํ ๊ฒ์ ์ ํ์๊ณ , ๋จ์ ํจ๊ณผ ๋ถ์ ์๋น๋์ด์ง ๋น์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋น๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น ์ ์๋ ๋ฑ๊ธ, ์ฐ๋ น, ์ฑ๋ณ, ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์์ ์ ๋ฌด, ๊ฐ์กฑ๊ฐ๋ณ๋น ์ฐ์ถ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋ ๋ถ์์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์๊ธ์์ ์ง์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์์ค์ด ์ฐํ๊ท 6,726,500์, ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3,622,500์์ด์๊ณ , ๊ณต๋จ ์ง์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์์ค 15,221,000์, ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ 9,145,900์์ด์๋ค. ์ด ์ง์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์์ค์ด 21.947,500์, ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12,768,500์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๊ฐ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6,130,400์, ์์ค์ด 107,090์์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ฌํ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฐํ๊ท 18,899,010์, ์์ค์ด 22,054,600์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋, ์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ธ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋น์ฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ธ์ฌ์ ๋์ ์์กด๋
์๋ 1.49๋
, ์์ค ๊ธ์ฌ๋ 1.33๋
์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ ๋์๋ค. EQ-5D๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋
ธ์ธ์ ์ถ์ ์ง ๊ฐ์ค์น๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ถํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋
ธ์ธ์ 0.37, ์์ค ๋
ธ์ธ์ 0.27๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์ ๊ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ํ๊ท ์์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์์ ์ถ์ ์ง ๊ฐ์ค์น๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ 1์ธ๋น QALY๋ ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋
ธ์ธ์ 0.55 QALY, ์์ค ๋
ธ์ธ์ 0.36 QALY๋ก ์ฐ์ถ๋์ด ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋
ธ์ธ์ QALY๊ฐ ๋์๋ค. 1 QALY๋น ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋น๋ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ 137,447,200์์ด์๊ณ , ์์ค์ด 245,051,100์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ์ ์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋, ๊ฐ์กฑ์ฃผ์๋ฐ์์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์ค์ ๋นํด ์ ์ฒด์ , ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ , ์ฌํํ๋์ ๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ์ด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๋
ธ์ธ์ ๋ถ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋๋ผ๋ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ์ ์์ธ ๋ถ์๋ง์กฑ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3.01์ , ์์ค์ด 2.88์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ์์ ๋์์ง๋ง ์ ์ํ์ง๋ ์์๋ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฑ๊ธ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋น์ฉ๊ณผ ํจ๊ณผ, ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋น๊ฐ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์ฌ, ์ถํ ๋ฑ๊ธ๋ณ ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋ถ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋
ธ์ธ์ ์ถ์ ์ง ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๊ธ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ค์ ๋นํด ๋ณด๋ค ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋, ์ฃผ์๋ฐ์์ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ์ ์ํ์ํค๊ณ ๋ถ์๋ง์กฑ๊ฐ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ด ํ์ํจ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.โ
. ์๋ก 1
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ 1
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ 4
3. ์ฉ์ด์ ์ ์ 5
โ
ก. ๋ฌธํ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8
1. ๋
ธ์ธ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๋ณดํ 8
2. ๋
ธ์ธ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์ ์๋น์ค์ ์ฑ๊ณผ(ํจ๊ณผ) 16
3. ๋น์ฉ 26
โ
ข. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 41
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ค๊ณ 41
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ 43
3. ์ธก์ ๋๊ตฌ 44
4. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์๋ฃ์์ง 47
5. ๋น์ฉ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 48
6. QALY ์ธก์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 61
7. ์๋ฃ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 69
โ
ฃ. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 70
1. ๋์์์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ํน์ฑ 70
2. ๋น์ฉ 80
3. ํจ๊ณผ 98
4. ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋น 104
5. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋ ๋ถ์ 105
โ
ค. ๋
ผ์ 110
1. ๋น์ฉ 110
2. ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๊ธ์ฌ ํจ๊ณผ 115
3. ๋น์ฉํจ๊ณผ 118
โ
ฅ. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ํ์ 120
โ
ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์ ์ธ 121
1. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 121
2. ์ ์ธ 123
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 124
๋ถ๋ก 131
Abstract 174Docto
์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ํ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์ถ์ ์ง ๋ชจํ๊ตฌ์ถ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์ด๋ช
์ .cognitive representation was illness perceptionand illness outcome was the health-related quality of life.
The participants were 250 adults between the age of 18 and 65 years who were receiving hemodialysis from 27 hemodialysis clinics in Seoul and an online peer group from December 20, 2013 to January 25, 2014. A structured self-report questionnaire was used, and the analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling with SPSS WIN 19.0 and AMOS 19.0.
The results from this study are as follows. The fitness of the hypothetical
model satisfied the Goodness of Fit Index at .934 which is above the recommended level ( > .90). Among nine paths, six paths were supported with statistical significance excluding three paths. The factors that had a direct influence on the health-related quality of life, the ultimate goal of self-management in the model, were self system, social context, illness perception and depressive mood. Self system and social context, which were composed of hope, self-efficacy, and social support, had an indirect influence through illness perception and depressive mood. However, the coping strategies did not have a significant effect on the health-related quality of life. Self system, social context, illness perception, and depressive mood explained 63.0% of the health-related quality of life. Self system and social context had a direct influence on the illness perception, depressive mood, and coping strategies, and it explained 32.6%, 46.3%, and 45.6% of the variance, respectively.
The results suggest that the self-management process of hemodialysis patients for an enhanced health-related quality of life is mediated by illness perception and emotion, and both factors are considerably affected by personal and social resources. This research specifies a more complete spectrum of self-management processes. In conclusion, healthcare providers can best facilitate self-management by activating patients strengths and positive collaborative relationships, by understanding the ideas and emotions about the illness that each patient has, and ultimately improve the health outcomes.emotional representation was depressive moodcoping strategies were adherence and cognitive reappraisal๋ง์ฑ ์ ๋ถ์ ํ์๊ฐ ๊พธ์คํ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋์ฒด์๋ฒ์ ํ๋์ธ ํ์กํฌ์์ ๋ฐ๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ์์กด์ ๋ํ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์ถ์ ์ง ํฅ์์ ์ํด์๋ ๋ณํ๋ ์ถ์ ์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ ๋์ฒํด๊ฐ๋ ์ง์์ ์ธ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ์์ ์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ํ๋ ๋ณํ ์ด์์ ์ญ๋์ ์ด๊ณ ํฌ๊ด์ ์ธ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์์ธ์ ๋ํ ๊ท๋ช
์ด ์ ํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ Leventhal์ ์๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ๋ชจํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์์ธ๋ค์ด ํฌํจ๋ ๊ฐ์ค์ ์ถ์ ์ง ๋ชจํ์ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๊ณ ๋ณ์๋ค ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ฆํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค.
๋ฌธํ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ ์ ๋ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ณ์๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์๋ค. ์ธ์๋ณ์์๋ ์์์ ํด๋น๋๋ ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ํฌํจ๋์๊ณ , ๋ด์๋ณ์๋ ์ง๋ณ์ ๋ํ ์ธ์ง์ ํ์, ์ ์์ ํ์, ๋์ฒ์ ๋ต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ง๋ณ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์๋ค. ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ์ธ์ง์ ํ์, ์ ์์ ํ์, ๋์ฒ์ ๋ต์ด ์งยท๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋ณ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ ํ์๋ค. ์ ์ฌ๋ณ์์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ธก๋ณ์๋ก ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ, ํฌ๋ง, ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง, ์ธ์ง์ ํ์์ ์ง๋ณ์ธ์, ์ ์์ ํ์์ ์ฐ์ธ, ๋์ฒ์ ๋ต์ ์ดํ, ์ธ์ง์ ์ฌํ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ง๋ณ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง๋ก ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ 2013๋
12์ 20์ผ๋ถํฐ 2014๋
1์ 25์ผ๊น์ง ์์ธ์ง์ญ ํฌ์์์ 27๊ณณ๊ณผ ์ผ๊ฐ ์จ๋ผ์ธ ์ ์ฅ๋ณ ํ์ฐํ ํ์ ์ค ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฝํ ํ์ฌ ํ์กํฌ์ ์ค์ธ 18์ธ ์ด์ 65์ธ ์ดํ ์ฑ์ธ 250๋ช
์ด์๋ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐํ๋ ์๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์๋ชจํ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ SPSS WIN 19.0๊ณผ AMOS 19.0์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
๊ฐ์ค์ ๋ชจํ์ ์ ํฉ๋๋ ์ ํฉ์ง์(Goodness of Fit Index) .934๋ก ๊ถ์ฅ์์ค(>.90)์ ๋ง์กฑํ์๊ณ 9๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ก ์ค 3๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ 6๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๊ฐ ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ง์ง๋์๋ค. ๋ชจํ์์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ต์ข
๋ชฉํ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง์ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์ ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ์ง๋ณ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ฐ์ธ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ, ํฌ๋ง, ์ฌํ์ ์ง์ง๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ง๋ณ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ฐ์ธ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ก ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋์ฒ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง์ ์ ์ํ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ์ง๋ณ์ธ์, ์ฐ์ธ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง์ 63.0%์ค๋ช
ํ์๋ค. ์๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ง๋ณ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ฐ์ธ, ๋์ฒ์ ๋ต์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 32.6%, 46.3%, 45.6%๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ จ ์ถ์ ์ง ํฅ์์ ์ํ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ง๋ณ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋งค๊ฐํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ ์์ธ์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ , ์ฌํ์ ์์์ ์ํด ์๋นํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ์์ ์ ์ ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฒ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ค ๊ตฌ์ฒดํํ์๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋๋ด์ ๊ณต์๋ค์ ํ์์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ๊ณ , ๋์์์ ์ง๋ณ์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ดํดํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ต์ ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ฒ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฅ์์ํฌ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.Hemodialysis has become one of the representative renal replacement therapies with an increase in long-term survivors. Thus, health professionals need to pay attention to improve their quality of life. Self-management has been identified as an important element in the quality of life of patients with hemodialysis. An investigation on the dynamic and comprehensive self-management process and relevant factors should precede self-management support. The purpose of this study was to construct a hypothetical model that includes factors related to the self-management process of patients with hemodialysis using the Self-regulation model of Leventhal as its theoretical framework and to verify the paths between the variables.
Variables relevant to the self-management process were selected based on a literature review. The exogenous variables were the self system and social context. The endogenous variables were cognitive representation, emotional representation, coping strategies, and illness outcome regarding the illness. The hypothetical model consisted of the self system and social context, cognitive representation, emotional representation, and coping strategies having an effect on health-related quality of life, directly and indirectly. The observed variables regarding the self system were self-efficacy and hopesocial context was social support๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก โ
ฐ
โ
. ์๋ก 1
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ 1
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ 3
3. ์ฉ์ด ์ ์ 4
โ
ก. ๋ฌธํ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7
1. ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ 7
2. Leventhal์ ์๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ๋ชจํ 10
3. ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๋ จ์์ธ 13
โ
ข. ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ธฐํ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ค 28
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ธฐํ 28
2. ๊ฐ์ค์ ๋ชจํ 32
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์ค 34
โ
ฃ. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 35
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๊ณ 35
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋์ 35
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋๊ตฌ 36
4. ์๋ฃ ์์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฐจ 43
5. ์๋ฃ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 43
โ
ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45
1. ๋์์์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ํน์ฑ 45
2. ์ธก์ ๋ณ์์ ์์ ์ ํต๊ณ 48
3. ์ธก์ ๋ณ์๊ฐ์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ 49
4. ๊ฐ์ค์ ๋ชจํ ๊ฒ์ 50
5. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ์ค์ ๊ฒ์ฆ 56
โ
ฅ. ๋
ผ์ 59
1. ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ํ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์ถ์ ์ง ๋ชจํ 59
2. ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๋ จ์์ธ 62
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์์ 66
โ
ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์ ์ธ 68
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 70
๋ถ๋ก 84
Abstract 96Docto
์บ๋๋ค ์ฌ์์๋์ง ๋ถ์์ ๊ตญ๋ด ๋ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ก์ง์์ ๋์ ๋ํ ๋ฒ์ ํจ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ตญ์ ํ๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์๋๊ทผ.With the Paris Agreement entering into force on 4 November 2016, all the contracting parties, from developed to developing countries, share common but differentiated responsibilities to respond to the urgent threat of climate change. The Paris Agreement may have limitations in that some obligations, such as those regarding the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and financial support, are not legally binding and international laws are generally regarded as less coercive than domestic laws. Nevertheless, the member countries agreed to enhance the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and implement more specific and aggressive action plans including the submission of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), periodic global stocktaking, and further details about the Paris Agreement will continue being discussed in the Conference of the Parties (COP), which will result in considerable changes to individual countries economic, energy, and industrial policies. In particular, the likely reduction of the use of fossil fuel energy, which is one of the main causes of GHG emissions, spurs each country to develop and apply renewable energy technologies for energy security, a response to climate change, and a new growth engine for sustainable development.
The renewable energy industry is one of the main industries that need huge upfront costs to be established. Additionally, it is one of the means of resolving the negative externality caused by the use of fossil fuels and providing the positive externality of creating new technologies, which needs governmental support to develop technologies and promote extensive diffusion. In other words, subsidies from the government could be inevitable to nurture the industry. However, they can be filed to the World Trade Organization (WTO) when such support is provided to domestic companies that are competing with those of other trading partners. In addition, the current global economic recession can easily entice individual countries to use subsidies to protect their domestic industries, so each country pays close attention to their trading partners subsidy policies.
Needless to say, WTO agreements including the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) were introduced to regulate the illegal subsidies disrupting international trade. Meanwhile, the agreements themselves and some Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) rulings have confirmed that the agreements are also grounded in the recognition that they might not be unreasonable obstacles for government assistance to help develop their own economy. This may mean that a legitimate subsidy policy in compliance with WTO agreements can be operated. This kind of approach leaves room to simultaneously achieve two significant objectives in international societies: coping with climate change and promoting free trade in a fair-trade environment through the harmonization of the UNFCCC regime and the WTO regime.
The UNFCCC regime encourages each government to aggressively intervene in the market to fix the market failure in the climate change field. In contrast, the WTO regime has been against most government interventions to promote freer trade. This paper examines the historical background for determining potential conflicts of the two regimes and reviews the actual disputes. In particular, the CanadaโRenewable Energy dispute is scrutinized to find a way for the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) Program in Korea, one of the major policies for renewable energy dissemination, to be consistent with WTO agreements, including the SCM Agreement, Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs Agreement), and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994).
Renewable energy dissemination policy is a new engine for the promotion of sustainable development as well as a means with which to cope with climate changeit will present a way to continue promoting stable economic development without creating international disputes, while faithfully fulfilling the obligations of GHG emission reductions if renewable energy dissemination policy is implemented in compliance with WTO agreements. Hopefully, the efforts in the paper will determine a way for the FIT program to be reasonably implemented in accordance with WTO agreements in the short run and, at the same time, help to reconcile the New Climate regime with the WTO regime in the long run.I. Introduction 1
1. Background 1
2. Literature Review 7
II. Renewable Energy Issue in Trade Environments 9
1. What is Renewable Energy 9
2. The Advent of Renewable Energy: Exhaustible Fossil-Fuel Energy 14
3. The Rebirth of Renewable Energy: Climate Change and Global Warming 18
4. Renewable Energy and Trade Conflicts 24
III. Renewable Energy Supply and WTO Disputes 29
1. The Current State of the Renewable Energy Industry 29
2. Renewable Energy Subsidies against the WTO 33
3. A Case Study of CanadaRenewable Energy Dispute 36
1) Background 37
2) Analysis of the Findings 40
(1) National Treatment 41
(2) Subsidy 50
3) Critical Review 56
(1) Should the Supply Side Have Priority over the Demand Side 58
(2) Is Conflict between the UNFCCC and WTO Regimes Inevitable 60
IV. The Feed-in Tariff (FIT) Program and WTO Agreements 62
1. National Treatment of the GATT 1994 and TRIMs Agreement 62
1) Article III GATT 63
2) Article 2 TRIMs 67
2. The SCM Agreement 69
1) The Regulation on Non-Actionable Subsidies in the SCM Agreement 70
(1) The Discussions about Non-Actionable Subsidies in the GATT/WTO 70
(2) Environmental Subsidies in the SCM Agreement 72
(3) The Current State of Non-Actionable Subsidies: Terminated, but Negotiating 74
2) Overview of the SCM Agreement 75
(1) The Prerequisites for a Subsidy 75
(2) Classification of a Subsidy 81
V. Analysis of the Consistency of the FIT Program in Korea with WTO Agreements 85
1. The FIT Program in Korea 85
2. Analysis of the Consistency of the FIT Program in Korea with WTO Agreements 93
1) Consistency of the FIT Program in Korea with the National Treatment of the GATT 1994 and TRIMs Agreement 94
2) Consistency of the FIT Program in Korea with the SCM Agreement 99
VI. Conclusion 120
BIBLIOGRAPHY 122
APPENDIX 144
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก 150Maste
Comparison of anxiety, depression, and quality of life among organ transplant candidates and recipients
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ, 2011.8. ์ด๋ช
์ .Maste