15 research outputs found

    The Observation Type of Primary Students and the Effect of Their Views of Science on Observation Activity in Anomalous Situation

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    The purpose of this study is to identify how primary students make decision in an anomalous situation of discrepancy between the observation result and their prior knowledge and what is the relationship between their decision and views on science. In this study, the researchers have observed a science class of fifth graders for two months and collected qualitative data such as field note, audio transcript, video-recording, photo and interviews. It is shown that participants experienced three types of subjective observation as listed: expectation-related, theory-dependent and dilemmatic observation. The questionnaire of the students to the views on science reveals that most of them thought highly of empiricism and utility of science. With this result, it is found that they took into account the limitation and provision of experiments while making judgment in an anomalous situation. That is to say, their assessment of experiments and observation is crucial in judgment in the situation that their observation is incompatible with their prior knowledge. The researchers conclude that their views on science may influence their observation and suggest the ways to promote students ability linked to observation.N

    κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ„ 닀룬 인터넷 λ…ΌμŸκ³Ό ꡐ싀 ν† λ‘ μ—μ„œμ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • μš”μΈ

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    Since The Bodmer Report in Royal Society (1985), public understanding of science (PUS) has become heeded. Interest in PUS has a connection with a rising concern to socio-scientific issue (SSI). Many issues such as genetically modified food, nuclear waste and electro-magnetic field have emerged due to development in science and technology, and people have come to take part in discussions in these issues, especially on the internet. As an output of publics attitude to science, decision-making on SSI is crucial in PUS. On the other hand, SSI is significant to science education. To achieve scientific literacy, it is important to have a capability of informed decision-making in problems in the real world. In this vein, SSI education provides students with opportunities to experience decision-makings in SSI through the classroom discussion. The previous studies pertaining to SSI education try to reveal the role of science knowledge or view on NOS in decision-making but their roles are still unclear. Thus, this study aims to find out factors in decision-making based on the analysis of internet debate and classroom discussion, for PUS and science education. This dissertation is composed of three studies. The first study investigates how the public make decision regarding risks in SSI. Centering on the internet debate on the beef importation in 2008, I examined the publics type of risk tolerance and their orientation toward individual or community. The type of risk tolerance implies the way of publics risk perception and risk management for decision-making and the orientation toward individual or community signifies a tendency of prioritization between individual and community. In the first study, I reviewed the internet entries with the keyword of mad cow disease and found about 900 articles on a Korean web board. Among them, I selected 68 entries as most controversial and popular ones. The researching findings show that there were four types of risk tolerance used by the entries: No loss, Minimal loss, Efficiency and Certainty types. No loss type does not tend to take any risk; Minimal loss tries to minimize a risk while acknowledging that any alternative reflects a risk to some extent; Efficiency type follows the most feasible one among the alternatives; and Certainty type selects the familiar alternative despite its risk is bigger than others. In respect to the orientation toward individual or community, pro and contra on the debate is consistent with the orientation toward individual or community. While individual-oriented group opposed to import the beef due to consideration of personal health damage, community-oriented group favored the importation for social benefit. Even people with the same type of risk tolerance were divided pro and contra according to their orientation toward individual or community. In line with the first study, the second study examines the tendency of the aforementioned factors across socio-scientific issues, and investigates the relationship between the type of risk tolerance and discourse role in the classroom discussion. In the study, I observed 27 undergraduate students in an introductory science course. I designed the course to facilitate students to participate in the discussion on SSIs: the Toyota recall, green car, global warming and Influenza A (H1N1), called as swine flu. The research findings show that students tended to use the same type of risk tolerance across SSIs despite their decision-makings were not consistent. Relatively, their orientation toward individual or community was less consistent. It is likely that personal familiarity with the issue affect their orientation toward individual or community. As well, the study identified students discourse roles with a focus on the process of consensus building. There were six roles shown in the study: Initiator who began the discourse, Critic who refuted the others opinions, Knowledge provider who supplied professional and scientific knowledge to colleagues, Coordinator who played a presider role for balancing, Dreamer who proposed an idea or opinion far beyond the focus of discourse and Follower who kept silence or agreed to others argument. Each type of risk tolerance employed specific discourse roles. Initiator and Coordinator were Minimal loss type, Critic and Knowledge provider were No loss type, Dreamer was Efficiency type and Follower were all kind of types. It seems that the type of risk tolerance is associated with discourse roles. The third study articulates students views on science and the role of their views in decision-making on four SSIs. The study is comprised of two stages. At first stage, I examined 27 students views on the nature of science (NOS) and on the orientation of science, through the questionnaire combined VNOS (View on Nature of Science) and VOSTS (Views on Science-Technology-Society). The result shows that the students mostly held a similar view on NOS, whereas their views on the orientation of science were distinctive. They held four different views on the orientation of science: pragmatic view stressing the usefulness of science and technology, pro-scientific view concerning about the development of science, communal view regarding science as a cultural artifact of community and ethical view concentrating on the ethical appropriateness in the process of science activities. At the second stage, I selected four students with different views on the orientation of science as a collective case study and analyzed their decision-making process following grounded theory. Consequently, their views on NOS played a limited role in decision-making whereas their decision-makings were more inclined to their views on the orientation of science. While their views on NOS affected identification of the issue and the context, they made use of their views on the orientation of science as a central strategy for decision-making. In conclusion, this study reveals the factors in decision-makings of the public and students in SSIs: the type of risk tolerance, the orientation toward individual or community, discourse role, view on the nature of science and view on the orientation of science. The orientation toward individual or community and view on the nature of science played a role in identifying the issues, and the type of risk tolerance and view on the orientation of science engage in making strategy for decision-making. The discourse role is involved in the type of risk tolerance. This study suggests implications for PUS and science education. For PUS, a combination of the type of risk tolerance and the orientation toward individual or community illustrates how the public make decision regarding the risks in the issue. The public understanding of risk shown in the combination implies that plural and balanced ideas are significant in PUS. For science education, the intertwined relationship of risk with decision-making implicates that SSI education needs to be instructed with a focus on the nature of risk. While teaching science contents involved in SSI, students need to understand risks involved in the issues and their impacts on individuals, community and environment. As well, the consistent use of the type of risk tolerance and of views on science point out the need for tailored instruction pertaining to their traits. The interplay between the orientation of science and decision-making suggests a significance of understanding the relationship of science with society. Tailored instruction for the factors in decision-making would contribute to informed decision-making of students.1985λ…„ μ™•λ¦½ν˜‘νšŒμ—μ„œ λŒ€μ€‘ κ³Όν•™ 이해 λ³΄κ³ μ„œλ₯Ό λ°œκ°„ν•œ 이후, λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 과학에 λŒ€ν•œ 인식과 νƒœλ„κ°€ μ£Όλͺ© λ°›κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€. λŒ€μ€‘ κ³Όν•™ μ΄ν•΄μ˜ μΆœν˜„μ€ κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  쟁점의 증가와도 관련이 μžˆλ‹€. μœ μ „μž μ‘°μž‘ μ‹ν’ˆ, ν•΅ 폐기물, μ „μžκΈ°μž₯κ³Ό 같은 κ³Όν•™ 기술이 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μŸμ λ“€μ„ 톡해 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ…ΌμŸμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ”λ°, λ”°λΌμ„œ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ€ λŒ€μ€‘ κ³Όν•™ μ΄ν•΄μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ, κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ€ κ³Όν•™ κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œλ„ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 졜근 μ£Όλͺ© λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ κ΅μœ‘μ€ 합리적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ˜ μ·¨μ§€λ‘œ λ„μž…λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 일상 μƒν™œ 속 μŸμ μ„ ꡐ싀 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ κ³Όν•™ 지식 λ˜λŠ” κ³Όν•™μ˜ λ³Έμ„±μ˜ 역할이 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έμ€ 인터넷 λ…ΌμŸκ³Ό ꡐ싀 토둠을 톡해 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ˜ μš”μΈμ΄ 무엇인지 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 μ„Έ 가지 μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. 첫 번째 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯은 μœ„ν—˜μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 λ§ν•˜λ©°, 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯은 손읡을 κ³ λ €ν•  λ•Œ 개인의 μž…μž₯ λ˜λŠ” κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ μž…μž₯을 μš°μ„ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 2008λ…„ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μˆ˜μž… 쇠고기와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ 인터넷 λ…ΌμŸμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 68개의 인터넷 글을 μ„ μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό, 크게 λ„€ 가지 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯이 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μœ„ν—˜ νšŒν”Ό, μœ„ν—˜ μ΅œμ†Œν™”, νš¨μœ¨μ„± 좔ꡬ, ν™•μ‹€μ„± μΆ”κ΅¬μ˜ λ„€ 가지 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰˜λŠ”λ° μœ„ν—˜ νšŒν”ΌλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ ν”Όν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λ©°, μœ„ν—˜ μ΅œμ†Œν™”λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ 상황에 λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όμ„±μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ§ν•œλ‹€. νš¨μœ¨μ„± μΆ”κ΅¬λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ 크기 비ꡐ와 상관없이 κ°€μž₯ 효율적인 μ‹€μ²œ μ „λž΅μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•˜λ©°, ν™•μ‹€μ„± μΆ”κ΅¬λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œκ°€ 더 λ§Žλ‹€ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ³  잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 것을 μ„ νƒν•˜λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ§ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 이읡을 κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦¬λ €λŠ” 합리적인 μ‘΄μž¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 인간에 λŒ€ν•œ 가정에 λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. ν•œνŽΈ λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ€ 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯μ„±μœΌλ‘œλ„ κ΅¬λΆ„λœλ‹€. 개인 지ν–₯적인 경우, 개인의 ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μš°λ €ν•΄ μ‡ κ³ κΈ° μˆ˜μž…μ„ λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 곡동체에 이득을 λ”°μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ 곡동체 지ν–₯적일 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ 이읡을 따진 ν›„, 개개인의 선택을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 같은 μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯을 κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 개인 지ν–₯적인지 곡동체 지ν–₯적인 지에 따라 μˆ˜μž… 쇠고기에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ°¬μ„±κ³Ό λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. 두 번째 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ— 따라 λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯성이 λ°”λ€ŒλŠ”μ§€ κ³ μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λ‹΄ν™” 역할이 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •κ³Ό μ–΄λ–€ 관련이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 두 번째 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ꡐ양 κ³Όν•™ μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ 27λͺ…μ˜ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°, 4개의 κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ„ μ„ μ •ν•΄ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 토둠을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μžλ™μ°¨ 리콜 문제, 첨단 μžλ™μ°¨μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±, 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”, λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ„±μ„ ν† λ‘  주제둜 λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό, 학생듀은 μŸμ μ— 관계 없이 같은 μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 일뢀 학생듀은 타인을 μœ„ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ΄ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜λ €λŠ” 이타적인 κ²½ν–₯성도 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 보닀 큰 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μœ„ν—˜ μ΅œμ†Œν™”μ— 포함될 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 타인을 μœ„ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ΄ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό κ°μˆ˜ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ£Όλͺ©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 반면, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 개인과 곡동체에 λŒ€ν•œ 지ν–₯성은 μŸμ μ— 따라 λ°”λ€ŒκΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ° μ΄λŠ” μŸμ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 개인의 κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό μΉœλ°€λ„κ°€ κ²½ν–₯성에 영ν–₯을 미친 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΈ‘λœλ‹€. λ‹΄ν™” 역할에 κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄, 학생듀은 크게 κ°œμ‹œμž, 비평가, 정보 제곡자, μ‚¬νšŒμž, λ™μ˜μž, λͺ½μƒκ°€μ˜ μ—¬μ„― 가지 λ‹΄ν™” 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 각각의 역할은 νŠΉμ • μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°, κ°œμ‹œμžμ™€ μ‚¬νšŒμžλŠ” μœ„ν—˜ μ΅œμ†Œν™”, 비평가와 정보 μ œκ³΅μžλŠ” μœ„ν—˜ νšŒν”Ό, λͺ½μƒκ°€λŠ” νš¨μœ¨μ„± μΆ”κ΅¬μ˜ μ„±ν–₯을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. μ„Έ 번째 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ³Όν•™μ˜ λŒ€ν•œ 관점을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 역할을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„Έ 번째 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 두 λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°, 첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 27λͺ…μ˜ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ³Όν•™μ˜ λ³Έμ„±κ³Ό κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점을 섀문을 톡해 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„€λ¬Έμ§€λŠ” VNOS 와 VOSTSλ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•΄ 12개의 κ°œλ°©ν˜• 질문으둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό, 학생듀은 κ³Όν•™μ˜ 본성에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 관점을 λ³΄μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 비ꡐ적 큰 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점은 크게 λ„€ κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰œλ‹€. 과학을 μœ μš©ν•œ λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μš©μ  관점, κ³Όν•™μ˜ λŠμž„μ—†λŠ” λ°œμ „μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” μΉœκ³Όν•™μ  관점, μ‚¬νšŒ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ μœ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 곡동체적 관점, κ³Όν•™ ν™œλ™μ˜ 윀리적 정합성을 주둜 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 윀리적 관점이 그것이닀. 두 번째 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ, 가진 λ„€ 개의 κ³Όν•™μ˜ 관점 μ§‘λ‹¨μ—μ„œ 각 1λͺ…μ”© 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμžλ‘œ μ„ νƒν•˜μ—¬, ν•΄λ‹Ή ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ΄€μ λ“€μ˜ 영ν–₯을 κ·Όκ±° 이둠에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•΄ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, κ³Όν•™μ˜ 본성에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점은 문제 인식 λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ œν•œμ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성은 μΈμ‹λœ μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ£Όμš” ν•΄κ²° μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 결둠적으둜, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일련의 연ꡬ듀은 κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” λŒ€μ€‘κ³Ό ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • μš”μΈμ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚Έλ‹€. μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯, 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯, λ‹΄ν™” μ—­ν• , κ³Όν•™μ˜ λ³Έμ„± 및 κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점이 μ£Όμš” μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯은 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ ꡬ뢄 짓고, λ‹΄ν™” 역할은 μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점은 문제의 μ£Όμš” ν•΄κ²° μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš”μΈμ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ€ λŒ€μ€‘ κ³Όν•™ 이해와 κ³Όν•™ κ΅μœ‘μ— μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€. λŒ€μ€‘ κ³Όν•™ μ΄ν•΄μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό 개인 λ˜λŠ” 곡동체 지ν–₯을 톡해 λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ΄ κ³Όν•™ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μŸμ μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μœ„ν—˜μ„ νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•¨μ„ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš”μΈμ— λ”°λ₯Έ λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • ν˜•νƒœλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  κ· ν˜• 작힌 μ œμ•ˆκ³Ό μ „λž΅λ“€μ΄ 보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•¨μ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. κ³Όν•™ ꡐ윑의 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • 과정을 톡해 κ³Όν•™ κΈ°μˆ μ— λ‚΄μž¬λœ μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•¨μ„ 보여주고 μžˆλ‹€. 단지 κ³Όν•™ 지식과 κ°œλ…λ§Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 이와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 개인과 집단, μ‚¬νšŒμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 보닀 합리적인 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. λ˜ν•œ μΌκ΄€λœ 과학에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점과 μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯은 각 ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ— 맞게 ꡐ수 ν™œλ™μ΄ 이루어져야 함을 λœ»ν•œλ‹€. 그리고 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€λŠ” 사싀은 과학이 μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ λ§₯락 μ†μ—μ„œ μ΄ν•΄λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•¨μ„ μ§€μ‹œν•œλ‹€. ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜ 수용 μ„±ν–₯, κ³Όν•™μ˜ 지ν–₯성에 λŒ€ν•œ 관점 λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • μš”μΈμ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ νŠΉν™”λœ ν•™μŠ΅ ν™œλ™μ„ 톡해 합리적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ μ œκ³ ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.Docto
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