액체 및 매트 전자모기향의 흰줄숲모기에 대한 시공간적 살충활성 연구

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과(곤충학전공), 2021. 2. 탁준형.Since electric vaporizers including mat and liquid type insecticides continuously emit the active ingredients into the surrounding air, it is crucial to understand and properly monitor their deposition and spatial distribution in the treated areas. In the present study, the evaporation of seven commercial liquid and mat vaporizers in South Korea as well as their knock-down and insecticidal activity against the female adults of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, were examined. Insecticidal products from three manufactures had differences in the type of heaters and concentration of active ingredients, and they tend to show steady evaporation in hourly and daily monitoring in mat and liquid vaporizers, respectively, but some of the liquid vaporizers failed to meet their designated end periods. In overall, mosquitoes locating at the upper position in a Peet-Grady chamber and a field-simulated room exhibited faster knock-down activity, indicating that the insecticides evaporated from the vaporizers tend to accumulate on the ceiling area. Although most of mat and liquid vaporizers showed < 60 min of average KT90 values when tested in the Peet-Grady chamber (1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8 m), they failed to show any knock-down and insecticidal activity in a field-mimicking situation (6.8 × 3.4 × 2.7 m) in 2 h of observation, and 72.8 ± 11.7% and 56.7 ± 7.3% knock-down activity in mat and liquid vaporizers, respectively, were recorded in 3 h of operation. The limited efficacy of electric vaporizers in a field-simulated setting may suggest the need for the establishment of more realistic and strict regulatory standards for the household insecticides.전자 모기 훈증기들은 살충성분을 연속적으로 공기 중에 방출하기 때문에, 처리 공간 내에서의 침적과 공간적 분포를 이해하여 적절히 관측해야 한다. 해당 연구에서, 시판되는 7종의 액상과 매트 전자 모기 훈증기의 흰줄숲모기, Aedes albopictus 에 대한 녹다운 및 살충효과를 평가했다. 3개 회사에서 만들어진 살충제품들은 기기 형태나 살충성분의 농도 등 차이가 있으며, 시간별 그리고 일별 모니터링에서 대체로 꾸준한 휘산량을 보이는 경향이 있었다. 피트-그래디 챔버와 모의 실공간 상부에 위치한 모기들이 가장 빠른 녹다운을 보여주었고, 이는 살충성분들이 급격히 천장부로 훈증되는 경향이 있음을 보인 증거이다. 훈증기들이 피트-그래디 챔버 내에서 KT90값을 60분 이내에 나타냈으나, 모의 실공간 실험 2시간 내에 어떤 녹다운이나 살충효과도 보이지 않았으며, 3시간 실험했을 때 매트에서 72.8 ± 11.7%, 액상에서 56.7 ± 7.3%의 녹다운 결과를 각각 보여줬다. 모의 실공간 실험에서 전자 모기 훈증기들의 효과가 제한적으로 나타난 것은 좀 더 현실적이고 엄격한 가정용 살충제 평가 기준이 필요하다는 것을 제시한다.Abstract i Table of Contents iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 1. Test insects 6 2. Test products and chemicals 8 3. Evaporation speed, temperature measurement, and sample preparation 11 4. Quantitative analyses of active tngredient via GC/FID analyses 14 5. Bioassays 5.1. Knock-down and insecticidal activity of test products in a Peet-Grady chamber 16 5.2. Efficacy of insecticides in a semi-field test arena 18 5.3. Data analysis 20 Results 1. Evaporation profiles of liquid vaporizers 21 2. Evaporation profiles of mat-type vaporizers 24 3. Efficacy of the electric vaporizers and their spatial distribution in Peet- Grady chamber 27 4. Efficacy of mat and liquid vaporizers in a field-simulation test 45 Discussion 47 Bibliography 55 Abstract in Korean 59Maste

Sandel`s Formative Repulicanism - Its meaning and possible problems -

The purpose of this essay is to explain the meanings of Sandels recent political theory, (which Sandel himself names as formative republicanism"), and to address to the possible problems that this political theory might imply. In order to identify the correct location of Sandels political theory within the range of contemporary political debate, I have attempted a comparative analysis and compared Sandels political theory with some of the other theories of contemporary political philosophers in order to find possible similarities as well as dissimilarities. I think that this kind of comparative approach is conducive to understanding political theories, not only in the sense that it gives us a more clearer picture, by way of comparison, of the explicit contents of the political theory in question, but also in the sense that it provides us with possible means to interpret its implicit meanings as well. I hope that the approach I have adopted in this essay is helpful to the readers understanding of Sandel's political theory

벼흰잎마름병균이 분비하는 Type III Effector XopN과 벼의 단백질 OsVOZ2, Putative Thiamine Synthase의 상호작용

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농생명공학부, 2014. 2. 황인규.Bacterial leaf blight on rice, one of the most serious rice diseases, is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To determine roles of Xanthomonas outer proteins (Xop) in Xoo, I identified seven Xop homologs from the genome information of Xoo KXO85. The xopQKXO85, xopXKXO85, xopP2KXO85, xopP1KXO85, and xopNKXO85 were generated by EZ-Tn5 mutagenesis. Among the individual mutants, the xopP2KXO85, xopP1KXO85 and xopNKXO85 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence compared to the wild-type in the flag leaves of Dongjin. Interestingly, I did not see reduced virulence when the xopP2KXO85, xopP1KXO85 and xopNKXO85 mutants were inoculated into young leaves of the Dongjin. This indicated that Xop-mediated virulence is dependent on leaf stages in rice. To identify target proteins of XopNKXO85 in rice, I performed yeast two-hybrid screening. Two rice proteins, OsVOZ2 and putative thiamine synthase, appeared to interact with XopNKXO85 in yeast. This interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo pull-down assays. OsVOZ2 is a hypothetical protein, and OsXNP is a putative thiamine synthase. To investigate roles of OsVOZ2 in interactions between rice and Xoo, I evaluated virulence of the wild-type and the xopNKXO85 mutant strain in the OsVOZ2 mutant rice generated by T-DNA insertion in Dongjin. Both the wild-type and the xopNKXO85 mutant were less virulent in the mutant rice than in the wild-type rice. Therefore, XopNKXO85 is a virulence factor that it plays an important role in the Xoo and rice interactions.ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………. i CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… iii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………….... v LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………..… vi The Type III Effector XopN of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Targets OsVOZ2 and a Putative Thiamine Synthase in Rice ABSTRACT......................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................4 MATERIALS AND METHODS.....................................................................8 I. Bacterial strains...............................................................................................8 II. Transposon insertion and marker-exchange mutagenesis...............................8 III. Virulence assay............................................................................................15 IV. Quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis………………………………...16 V. Adenylate cyclase assays.................……………………………………….16 VI. Yeast two-hybrid assay.................................…………………….……...18 VII. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression................................……..20 VIII. In vivo pull-down assay…………………………………………….…21 IX. BiFC...........................……………………………………………………22 X. Localization analysis of OsVOZ2, OsXNP and XopNKXO85.........……..24 XI. Microscopy....................................………………………………………24 XII. Statistical analysis.........................………………………………………25 XIII. Ethics Statement...........................………………………………………25 RESULTS …………………………………………………………………...26 I. Mutagenesis of five xop genes in the Korean Xoo strain KXO85......………26 II. Expression of xopNKXO85 is regulated by HrpXKXO85...................................32 III. XopNKXO85 is a T3SS-dependent effector translocated into plant cells in the strain KXO85..................................................……………………..32 IV. Identification of XopNKXO85 targets in rice by yeast two-hybrid screening.....................................................................................................35 V. XopNKXO85 physically interacts with two rice proteins OsVOZ2 and OsXNP in planta.......................................................................................... 45 VI. Visualization and colocalization of the interactions between XopNKXO85 and OsVOZ2 and OsXNP.................................................................................48 VII. Subcellular localization of XopNKXO85, OsVOZ2, and OsXNP...…….48 VIII. Interactions between XopNKXO85 and OsVOZ2 are important for Xoo virulence in rice ..................................................……………………….51 DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………..59 LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………….. 65 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN………………………………………………….77Docto

(A)Study on integrated design management for building and maintaining brand equity

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :디자인학부 공업디자인전공,2005.Maste

플라톤의 이데아와 하이데거의 진리관 : <진리의 본질에 관하여>를 중심으로

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :철학과 서양철학전공,2007.Maste

공동주택 바닥복사 난방시스템의 자동 유량 밸런싱

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 대학원 :건축학과,2008.2.Maste

고분자 기질에서의 Cu-프탈로시아닌과 개량제의 상호작용 해석 새로운 개량제의 모델

Maste

地方交付稅의 地方財政力 均等化 强化方案에 關한 硏究

학위논문(석사)--서울大學校 行政大學院 :行政學科 行政學專攻,1995.Maste

캐패시터를 갖지 않는 단일 트랜지스터 DRAM 쎌

Thesis(doctor`s)--서울大學校 大學院 :電氣·컴퓨터工學部,2007.Thesis(doctor`s)-