액체 및 매트 전자모기향의 흰줄숲모기에 대한 시공간적 살충활성 연구

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과(곤충학전공), 2021. 2. 탁준형.Since electric vaporizers including mat and liquid type insecticides continuously emit the active ingredients into the surrounding air, it is crucial to understand and properly monitor their deposition and spatial distribution in the treated areas. In the present study, the evaporation of seven commercial liquid and mat vaporizers in South Korea as well as their knock-down and insecticidal activity against the female adults of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, were examined. Insecticidal products from three manufactures had differences in the type of heaters and concentration of active ingredients, and they tend to show steady evaporation in hourly and daily monitoring in mat and liquid vaporizers, respectively, but some of the liquid vaporizers failed to meet their designated end periods. In overall, mosquitoes locating at the upper position in a Peet-Grady chamber and a field-simulated room exhibited faster knock-down activity, indicating that the insecticides evaporated from the vaporizers tend to accumulate on the ceiling area. Although most of mat and liquid vaporizers showed < 60 min of average KT90 values when tested in the Peet-Grady chamber (1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8 m), they failed to show any knock-down and insecticidal activity in a field-mimicking situation (6.8 × 3.4 × 2.7 m) in 2 h of observation, and 72.8 ± 11.7% and 56.7 ± 7.3% knock-down activity in mat and liquid vaporizers, respectively, were recorded in 3 h of operation. The limited efficacy of electric vaporizers in a field-simulated setting may suggest the need for the establishment of more realistic and strict regulatory standards for the household insecticides.전자 모기 훈증기들은 살충성분을 연속적으로 공기 중에 방출하기 때문에, 처리 공간 내에서의 침적과 공간적 분포를 이해하여 적절히 관측해야 한다. 해당 연구에서, 시판되는 7종의 액상과 매트 전자 모기 훈증기의 흰줄숲모기, Aedes albopictus 에 대한 녹다운 및 살충효과를 평가했다. 3개 회사에서 만들어진 살충제품들은 기기 형태나 살충성분의 농도 등 차이가 있으며, 시간별 그리고 일별 모니터링에서 대체로 꾸준한 휘산량을 보이는 경향이 있었다. 피트-그래디 챔버와 모의 실공간 상부에 위치한 모기들이 가장 빠른 녹다운을 보여주었고, 이는 살충성분들이 급격히 천장부로 훈증되는 경향이 있음을 보인 증거이다. 훈증기들이 피트-그래디 챔버 내에서 KT90값을 60분 이내에 나타냈으나, 모의 실공간 실험 2시간 내에 어떤 녹다운이나 살충효과도 보이지 않았으며, 3시간 실험했을 때 매트에서 72.8 ± 11.7%, 액상에서 56.7 ± 7.3%의 녹다운 결과를 각각 보여줬다. 모의 실공간 실험에서 전자 모기 훈증기들의 효과가 제한적으로 나타난 것은 좀 더 현실적이고 엄격한 가정용 살충제 평가 기준이 필요하다는 것을 제시한다.Abstract i Table of Contents iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 1. Test insects 6 2. Test products and chemicals 8 3. Evaporation speed, temperature measurement, and sample preparation 11 4. Quantitative analyses of active tngredient via GC/FID analyses 14 5. Bioassays 5.1. Knock-down and insecticidal activity of test products in a Peet-Grady chamber 16 5.2. Efficacy of insecticides in a semi-field test arena 18 5.3. Data analysis 20 Results 1. Evaporation profiles of liquid vaporizers 21 2. Evaporation profiles of mat-type vaporizers 24 3. Efficacy of the electric vaporizers and their spatial distribution in Peet- Grady chamber 27 4. Efficacy of mat and liquid vaporizers in a field-simulation test 45 Discussion 47 Bibliography 55 Abstract in Korean 59Maste

Sandel`s Formative Repulicanism - Its meaning and possible problems -

The purpose of this essay is to explain the meanings of Sandels recent political theory, (which Sandel himself names as formative republicanism"), and to address to the possible problems that this political theory might imply. In order to identify the correct location of Sandels political theory within the range of contemporary political debate, I have attempted a comparative analysis and compared Sandels political theory with some of the other theories of contemporary political philosophers in order to find possible similarities as well as dissimilarities. I think that this kind of comparative approach is conducive to understanding political theories, not only in the sense that it gives us a more clearer picture, by way of comparison, of the explicit contents of the political theory in question, but also in the sense that it provides us with possible means to interpret its implicit meanings as well. I hope that the approach I have adopted in this essay is helpful to the readers understanding of Sandel's political theory

벼흰잎마름병균이 분비하는 Type III Effector XopN과 벼의 단백질 OsVOZ2, Putative Thiamine Synthase의 상호작용

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농생명공학부, 2014. 2. 황인규.Bacterial leaf blight on rice, one of the most serious rice diseases, is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To determine roles of Xanthomonas outer proteins (Xop) in Xoo, I identified seven Xop homologs from the genome information of Xoo KXO85. The xopQKXO85, xopXKXO85, xopP2KXO85, xopP1KXO85, and xopNKXO85 were generated by EZ-Tn5 mutagenesis. Among the individual mutants, the xopP2KXO85, xopP1KXO85 and xopNKXO85 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence compared to the wild-type in the flag leaves of Dongjin. Interestingly, I did not see reduced virulence when the xopP2KXO85, xopP1KXO85 and xopNKXO85 mutants were inoculated into young leaves of the Dongjin. This indicated that Xop-mediated virulence is dependent on leaf stages in rice. To identify target proteins of XopNKXO85 in rice, I performed yeast two-hybrid screening. Two rice proteins, OsVOZ2 and putative thiamine synthase, appeared to interact with XopNKXO85 in yeast. This interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo pull-down assays. OsVOZ2 is a hypothetical protein, and OsXNP is a putative thiamine synthase. To investigate roles of OsVOZ2 in interactions between rice and Xoo, I evaluated virulence of the wild-type and the xopNKXO85 mutant strain in the OsVOZ2 mutant rice generated by T-DNA insertion in Dongjin. Both the wild-type and the xopNKXO85 mutant were less virulent in the mutant rice than in the wild-type rice. Therefore, XopNKXO85 is a virulence factor that it plays an important role in the Xoo and rice interactions.ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………. i CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… iii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………….... v LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………..… vi The Type III Effector XopN of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Targets OsVOZ2 and a Putative Thiamine Synthase in Rice ABSTRACT......................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................4 MATERIALS AND METHODS.....................................................................8 I. Bacterial strains...............................................................................................8 II. Transposon insertion and marker-exchange mutagenesis...............................8 III. Virulence assay............................................................................................15 IV. Quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis………………………………...16 V. Adenylate cyclase assays.................……………………………………….16 VI. Yeast two-hybrid assay.................................…………………….……...18 VII. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression................................……..20 VIII. In vivo pull-down assay…………………………………………….…21 IX. BiFC...........................……………………………………………………22 X. Localization analysis of OsVOZ2, OsXNP and XopNKXO85.........……..24 XI. Microscopy....................................………………………………………24 XII. Statistical analysis.........................………………………………………25 XIII. Ethics Statement...........................………………………………………25 RESULTS …………………………………………………………………...26 I. Mutagenesis of five xop genes in the Korean Xoo strain KXO85......………26 II. Expression of xopNKXO85 is regulated by HrpXKXO85...................................32 III. XopNKXO85 is a T3SS-dependent effector translocated into plant cells in the strain KXO85..................................................……………………..32 IV. Identification of XopNKXO85 targets in rice by yeast two-hybrid screening.....................................................................................................35 V. XopNKXO85 physically interacts with two rice proteins OsVOZ2 and OsXNP in planta.......................................................................................... 45 VI. Visualization and colocalization of the interactions between XopNKXO85 and OsVOZ2 and OsXNP.................................................................................48 VII. Subcellular localization of XopNKXO85, OsVOZ2, and OsXNP...…….48 VIII. Interactions between XopNKXO85 and OsVOZ2 are important for Xoo virulence in rice ..................................................……………………….51 DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………..59 LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………….. 65 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN………………………………………………….77Docto

전후 일본의 민족교육론과 재일조선인 교육문제의 접점과 괴리 : 도쿄도립조선인학교교직원조합의 활동을 중심으로

일본의 민족교육론은 일본민족이 피억압민족이라는 점을 전제로 했다. 민족교육론의 영향을 받은 교육연구전국집회（이하, 교연）에서 일본민족과 조선민족의 관계는 ʻ동병상련ʼ인 피억압민족으로 인식되었다. 그리고 조선인의 교육문제는 ʻ미 제국주의ʼ의 침략을 원인으로 하는 일본내의 ʻ소수민족ʼ문제로 분류되었다. 이러한 시각은 일본제국이 ʻ다민족 국가ʼ라는 인식을 전제로 한ʻ（패전）이전의 민족주의ʼ와 결부되어 조선인을 일본인과 ʻ똑같이ʼ 취급하는 것이 평등이라는 인식이 공유되었고, 식민지 지배에 대한 책임의식은 희석되었다. / 도쿄도립조선인학교교직원조합（이하, 조교조）는 전후 일본의 민족교육론의 ʻ피억압민족ʼ으로서의 자기인식을 공유하면서 재일조선인 교육문제의 해결을 도모했으나, 그 과정에서 일본의 민족교육론과 인식의 괴리가 드러났다. 조교조는 조선인교육문제의 원인으로 미 제국주의를 거론하지 않았다. 또한, ʻ피억압민족ʼ이라는 막연한 동질감을 제외하고는 민족교육론과 재일조선인교육문제의 접점을 찾기 어렵다는 점도 여실히 드러났다. 제 3 회 교연에서 조교조는 조선인 학생을 대상으로 하는 조선어와 조선사 교육의 중요성을 역설했다. 그러나 큰 반향은 없었고, 4 차부터는 조선어와 조선사 교육이 의제로 다루어지지 못했다. / 조교조의 해산은 사실상 ʻ공립조선인학교ʼ에 의한 조선인의 교육보장이라는 구상의 좌절을 의미하였으며, 식민지 지배에 대한 책임의식을 전제로 하지 않고 ʻ소수민족ʼ문제라는 관점에서 재일조선인의 교육문제에 접근할 때, ʻ공립조선인학교ʼ의 유지가 얼마나 어려운가를 증명하는 사건이기도 했다.departmental bulletin pape

방사성 요오드 저항성 갑상선암에서 수술적 치료의 역할

Most patients with thyroid cancer (of follicular cell origin) are successfully managed with a combination of surgery, radioactive iodine (131I-RAI), and suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone with thyroid hormone replacement, obtaining survival rates approaching 90% at 20 years. Although the prognosis of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is favorable, recurrence occurs in up to 30% patients. In addition, many patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, as well as those with less differentiated tumors, will have a much poorer prognosis and lose their ability to concentrate functional iodine and are therefore not targeted by 131I-RAI therapy. There are many treatment options but no definitive treatment for radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer. This paper will discuss the roles of surgical treatment for patients with radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer

TEOAE를 이용한 신생아 청각선별검사

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hearing impairment is a common congenital disability of the newborn, which has an incidence of 1.5 to 3 per 1,000 infants each year. The identification of this problem is difficult and many of these children are not identified until 2-3 years of age if not screened at birth. The purpose of this study is to establish a common screening method adjusted to our country and to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of neonatal hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TEOAE were performed in 1,459 infants from March to December, 1998 at Ajou university hospital. The tests were performed daily until discharge if the infant had failed the first test, and were followed at the outpatient clinic. Hearing loss was confirmed by ABR. RESULTS: The average test time of TEOAE was 102.6 seconds. Test time after 24 hours of birth was shorter than before 24 hours, and was shorter in female compared to male infants. Pass rate after 24 hours was higher than before 24 hours and 86% of tested infants passed during admission. Thirty-one out of 213 infants failed to follow-up at the outpatient clinic. Two were diagnosed with unilateral hearing loss on ABR. CONCLUSION: TEOAE is a simple and useful screening method for the identification of hearing loss in infants

경부 괴사성 근막염의 치료

Background and Objectives: Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rare but potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection primarily affecting the superficial fascial planes. The purpose of this study was to report various causes, courses of the disease, and outcomes of treatment. Subjects and Method: A retrospective chart review of 12 cases treated between January 2000 and January 2004 was done. All of them were studied with CT scan and treated with intravenous antibiotics. We discussed histories, diagnostic points and treatment of each cases, and analyzed them. Results: There were 9 male and 3 female patients. The age distribution was from 17 to 81 years. Three patients had diabetes mellitus, one patient was a heavy alcoholics, and one patient had Buerger’s disease. Two patients were expired due to lung abscess and sepsis, but others were discharged with no complication. Wide debridement was performed in all cases. Wound reconstruction was done in two patients. Conclusion: Treatment consists of early diagnosis, aggressive surgical debridement and drainage of the involved necrotic fascia and tissue along with broadspectrum intravenous antibiotics coverage

선천성등골 기형의 임상적 고찰

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A nonprogressive and conductive hearing loss in the range of 40 to 60 dB with normal tympanic membrane is highly suggestive of a congenital ossicular malformation. Among the ossicular anomalies, congenital stapedial anomaly is most common, and it is clinically important because hearing loss can be corrected by appropriate procedure. In this study, we attempted to describe patterns of stapes anomalies encountered in patients who have a normal ear drum. We also analysed the surgical result with special reference to the patterns of stapes anomaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We experienced 17 cases (20 ears) of congenital stapedial anomalies which were confirmed through the explo-tympanotomy at Ajou University Hospital between June 1994 and March 1997. The preoperative and postoperative audiologic findings, operative findings and CT findings were analysed. RESULT: There were 5 types of stapes anomalies with 7 anomalous patterns among which stapes footplate fixation was the most common anomaly. We could get 78.9% of hearing improvement after ossiculoplasty with several prosthesis. CONCLUSION: Stapes footplate fixation was usually bilateral, while partial stapes anomalies or anomalies associated with incus anomaly was usually unilateral. The surgical result of stapes anomaly was good

소아 기관절개술의 임상적 고찰

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As indications for tracheotomy have evolved over the decades, the trends in the pediatric tracheotomy also have changed. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical courses and outcomes in the current pediatric tracheotomy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on 42 pediatric patients who underwent tracheotomies at Ajou University Hospital from June, 1994 to May, 2004. Charts were reviewed with respect to indications for tracheotomy, underlying diseases, success rate in decannulation and length of support time until decannulation, complication and mortality rate. RESULTS: There were 34 (81.0%) male patients and 8 (19.0%) female patients. Ventilatory support for neurological impairment (47.6%) was the leading indication for tracheotomy, followed by upper airway obstruction (19.0%), prolonged intubation due to respiratory failure (16.7%), cervical trauma (7.1%), craniofacial abnormalities (4.8%) and vocal cord palsy (4.8%). Convulsive disorder (19.0%) and congenital neurological malformation (14.3%) were the most common underlying diseases. Decannulation was accomplished in 70.0% of children with an average of 254.5 days with tracheotomy. The length of support time until decannulation was significantly greater in the neurological impairment group than in the other group. Complications occurred in 19.0% without tracheotomy-related death. CONCLUSION: Tracheotomy is relatively safe in the pediatric population as conservative therapy and its outcomes are thought to be usually related to the underlying disease and age

양측성 돌발성 난청 환자의 임상양상 및 치료 결과

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most cases of sudden deafness remain idiopathic. The majority of these cases are unilateral in their occurrences, whereas bilateral simultaneous involvement is rarely seen. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment results between bilateral and unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), and considered the possible causes and provided available data for planning the appropriate treatment for bilateral SSNHL. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Three hundred forty seven patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology in Ajou University Hospital from June, 1994 to February, 2003 were classified into 3 groups. Of these 347 patients, 16 patients (32 ears) had SSNHL simultaneously in both ears (Group I), 23 patients had SSNHL sequentially in both ears (Group II), and 308 patients had unilateral SSNHL (Group III). We reviewed their charts for pure tone audiometry information, medical history and lipid panel information to compare bilateral SSNHL with unilateral SSNHL. RESULTS: The incidence of simultaneous bilateral SSNHL (Group I) was 4.6% of overall patients with SSNHL. Bilateral SSNHL occurs more commonly in patients of older age, with preexisting DM. Lpid panel abnormalities were compared with unilateral SSNHL. The recovery rate of hearing in simultaneous bilateral SSNHL (Group I) was 37.5% for both ears and 62.5% of patients, compared with 56.5% in unilateral SSNHL (Group III). CONCLUSION: Bilateral SSNHL is a very rare disease and the outcome from treatment is important for patients' quality of life. Recognition of similarities and differences between bilateral and unilateral SSNHL can help in counseling and managing the patients