Single term divisible electronic cash system and its extensions to wallet with observers

Maste

The Postwar Trajectory of Omoni: Genealogy of Representation of Ethnic Korean Mother in Japan

이 논문의 목적은 전후 일본 사회에서 오모니(オモニ)라는 표현이 전유되어 온 양상을 밝힘으로써 재일한인 여성상이 갖는 역사성을 탐구하는 것이다. 오모니는 일본 식민지시기 재조일본인의 가정에 고용된 조선인 여성 가사사용인에 대한 호칭이었으나 전후, 한인 2세들 및 일본인들에 의해 다양한 맥락에서 언급, 재해석되는 가운데 재일 한인 여성에 대한 지배적인 표상으로 자리잡았다. 전후 오모니가 대중적인 주목을 받은 첫 계기는 한인 2세들의 문제를 극적으로 표출한 김희로 사건으로서, 김희로의 어머니는 지식인 및 시민의 담론적 실천 속에서 일본의 역사적 책임과 민족문제를 제기하는 조선인, 혹은 억압적 국가권력과 길항하는 노동하는 민중으로 자리매김되었다. 또한 일본인 작가들의 논픽션, 에세이 작품에서, 오모니는1 세 여성들 및 그들의 모습을 재조명하는 한인 후속 세대, 그리고 동시대 일본인들이 함께 직조해내는 전후 사회에 대한 대안적인 상상을 촉발하는 동시대인, 혹은 전후의 국민 문화에 창조적인 다양성을 더함으로써 일본인 및 지식인들에게 새로운 깨달음을 주는 타자로 해석되었다. 한편 오모니들의 문해활동은 고도경제성장 이면의 소수자들의 문제로 여겨지며 다년간의 시민 운동 속에서 지역사회의 역동적인 현실에 뿌리내려왔으며, 근년 들어서는 주류 대중 문화 속에서 유통, 소비되기에 이르렀다. 이렇게 한인 사회 내부에 국한되지 않고 다양한 담론적 실천을 자극하며 그 의미를 확장해 온 오모니에 대한 본 논문의 계보학적 고찰은 문화적 탈식민화 과정에서 모성이 가지는 해방적 잠재력 및 모성 표상의 대중적 소비가 갖는 양의성과 관련하여 새로운 연구 과제를 제기한다.This paper explores how omoni (ethnic Korean mothers), the most dominant representation of zainichi (ethnic Koreans in Japan) women, has been appropriated in postwar Japan. Omoni was once a term used in reference to Korean housemaids who were employed by Japanese settlers in colonial Korea. However, it also has its own trajectory in postwar Japanese society. As Kim Hiro [Kin Kiro] Incident came under an intensive media spotlight in 1968, Kims mother, depicted as Chosenjin Omoni (Korean Mother) or as Minshu (oppressed people), was understood with Japanese peoples self-transformation and enhanced historical awareness. Since the 1970s, a significant propagation of discourse was brought about by secondgeneration zainichies, who started to speak and write about their mothers. At the same time, Japanese writers also shed distinctive light on various aspects of omoni. A reportage by Yasuharu Honda on female divers from Jeju island, series of essay by Makoto Oda on his zainichi mother-in-law, and local civic movements to teach illiterate zainichi women in evening schools also have dynamically widened the spectrum of omoni, which cannot be limited to the typical stereotype of strong, devoted mothers testifying the past. Moreover, as the cultural location of discourse has diversified, more popular citations of omoni are now observed outside of the zainichi community. This phenomenon raises questions on the emancipatory potential that maternal images might carry in cultural pathways for decolonization, and on the transformations omoni undergoes in new contexts of commercial appropriations.이 연구는 (財)이희건한일교류재단의 지원으로 수행되었

도래하는 자이니치 1세

이 글에서는 재일동포 1세를 집중적으로 조명하는 네 권의 책을 통해 2000년대 중반 이래 일본사회에서 이들의 삶과 기억이 새로운 문화적 위상으로 자리매김되고 있는 현상을 살펴보고자 한다. 그런데 이 글은 책의 내용과 더불어 그 미디어적 형태나 책이 놓인 사회적 맥락으로까지 관심을 넓힌다는 점에서 통상적인 서평의 범위를 넘어선다. 이 글에서는 특정한 텍스트가 사회적 매개(mediation)를 통해 책으로 묶이는 과정, 그리고 책이 갖는 텍스트성(textuality)과 물질성(materiality)이라는 이중적 위상에 유념하면서 재일동포 1세를 다룬 책 이 갖는 사회문화적 의미에 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 마이너리티 집단이 책을 통해 소개됨으로써 새로운 형태의 공적인 가시성(public visibility)을 획득하는 양상에 주목할 때 철학자 자크 데리다(Jacques Derrida)가 말한 타자의 도래(avenir)라는 개념은 매우 시사적이다

Relationship between Cataract Surgery and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Cataract: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea

We aimed to investigate the relationship between cataract surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean elderly patients with cataract using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database. Elderly patients ( GE;60 years) diagnosed with cataract from 2002 through 2012 were included. The baseline characteristics included demographics and systemic and ocular comorbidities. Adjusted Cox regression models with time-varying covariates for cataract surgery were used to assess the relationship between cataract surgery and mortality. The study cohort included 241,062 patients, of whom 127,941 were in the cataract surgery group and 113,121 were in the cataract diagnosis group. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 3.62 deaths/100 person-years and 3.19 deaths/100 person-years in the cataract surgery and cataract diagnosis groups, respectively. Cataract surgery was associated with a decreased hazard of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographics as well as systemic and ocular comorbidities (hazard ratio (HR), 0.93; p < 0.001). A protective association was noted between cataract surgery and mortality from vascular (HR, 0.92; p < 0.001) or neurologic (HR, 0.64; p < 0.001) causes. Patients with cataract who were 85 years of age and older, women, those who had lower income, and a Charlson comorbidity index score of 5 or more, or those without glaucoma revealed the largest reductions in mortality hazards resulting from cataract surgery

Comparing prediction accuracy between total keratometry and conventional keratometry in cataract surgery with refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation

We aimed to compare refractive outcomes between total keratometry using a swept-source optical biometer and conventional keratometry in cataract surgery with refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. We included patients who underwent cataract surgery with refractive multifocal IOL implantation. The IOL power was calculated using conventional formulas (Haigis, SRK/T, Holladay 2, and Barrett Universal II) as well as a new formula (Barrett TK Universal II). The refractive mean error, mean absolute error, and median absolute error were compared, as were the proportions of eyes within +/- 0.25 diopters (D), +/- 0.50 D, and +/- 1.00 D of prediction error. In total 543 eyes of 543 patients, the absolute prediction error of total keratometry was significantly higher than that of conventional keratometry using the SRK/T (P = 0.034) and Barrett Universal II (P = 0.003). The proportion of eyes within +/- 0.50 D of the prediction error using the SRK/T and Barrett Universal II was also significantly higher when using conventional keratometry than total keratometry (P = 0.010 for SRK/T and P = 0.005 for Barrett Universal II). Prediction accuracy of conventional keratometry was higher than that of total keratometry in cataract surgery with refractive multifocal IOL implantation

열 전달 계산 모델과 웨어러블 디바이스를 활용한 온감 렌더링

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Novel Findings about Myopia in Patients with Oculodermal Melanocytosis (Nevus of Ota)

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that ocular pigment in patients with oculodermal melanocytosis decreases myopia severity. Methods: Refractive and biometric parameters were measured and compared between pigmented eyes and non-pigmented contralateral eyes in oculodermal melanocytosis patients that underwent surgical ocular pigmentation removal. To assess pigmentation, the pigmentation score was measured in each quadrant of the sclera and added together for a cumulative score. For subgroup analyses, patients were categorized into three groups according to the severity of myopia in the non-pigmented eye. Results: Fifty-five patients (110 eyes) were included. Spherical power and spherical equivalent were significantly less myopic in pigmented eyes relative to contralateral non-pigmented eyes. The spherical powers of non-pigmented eyes were positively correlated with the difference in spherical power between contralateral eyes (r = 0.697, p < .001). The pigmentation scores of pigmented eyes were positively correlated with the ratio of myopia inhibition (r = 0.373, p = .005). In subgroup analyses, pigmented eyes exhibited significantly less myopic spherical powers and spherical equivalents than non-pigmented contralateral eyes in the moderate and high myopia groups. Pigmented eyes exhibited significantly shorter axial length than non-pigmented contralateral eyes in the high myopia group only. Conclusions: In patients with oculodermal melanocytosis, pigmented eyes exhibited less severe myopia relative to non-pigmented contralateral eyes. This suggested that ocular pigmentation inhibited myopic changes, potentially by blocking UV transmission. This study will be helpful in elucidating the mechanisms of myopic progression

Evaluation of Astigmatic Correction Using Vector Analysis after Combined Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Phacoemulsification and Intrastromal Arcuate Keratotomy

The aim of this study was to evaluate astigmatic correction in patients with mild to moderate astigmatism after combined femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and intrastromal arcuate keratotomy (ISAK), using vector analysis. This retrospective study included patients with corneal astigmatism of 0.5-3.0 diopters (D) who underwent FLACS and ISAK. Vector analyses of astigmatism were performed using the Alpins method, considering three vectors: target-induced astigmatism (TIA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), and difference vector (DV). Magnitude of error (ME), angle of error (AE), correction index (CI), and coefficient of adjustment (CA) were calculated. Subgroup analysis according to the axis of astigmatism, patient age, and white to white (WTW) diameter was conducted. In total, for the 79 eyes of 79 patients, the TIA was 1.21 +/- 0.52 D, the SIA was 0.76 +/- 0.53 D, and the DV was 0.86 +/- 0.50 D. The ME (difference between SIA and TIA) was -0.46 +/- 0.45 D, and the CI (ratio of SIA and TIA) was 0.62 +/- 0.34; both these parameters demonstrated slight undercorrection. The CA (inverse of the CI) was 2.48 +/- 2.61. The AE was 4.02 degrees +/- 28.7 degrees, and the absolute AE was 21.7 degrees +/- 19.0 degrees. In the univariate regression analyses to identify factors that affected the CI, there was a negative correlation between age and the CI (P=0.022). In conclusion, vector analysis after the combined FLACS and ISAK revealed slight undercorrection, regardless of the astigmatism meridian. The precision of the nomogram should be improved through long-term vector analysis for the results of arcuate keratotomy and through further research on the relationship between patient demographics and CI. Overall, this study has shown that FLACS and ISAK could reduce postoperative corneal astigmatism effectively and safely

Changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 after intense pulsed light therapy combined with meibomian gland expression in moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction

Purpose: To evaluate the combined effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy and meibomian gland expression on extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and clinical outcomes of moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treatment. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 45 eyes of 23 patients with moderate and severe MGD. Each eye underwent three IPL sessions and meibomian gland expression at 2-week intervals. In this study the evaluated parameters included tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining scores, biomicroscopic examination of lid margins and meibomian glands, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score, and extracellular MMP-9 levels using the immunoassay device before and two weeks after the last treatment session. Linear mixed model and generalized estimating equations model were used to evaluate possible differences. Results: There were significant improvements in TBUT (P < 0.001), SICCA ocular staining score (P = 0.008), Oxford staining score (P = 0.023), lid margin irregularity (P < 0.001 for upper and lower eyelids), lid thickness (P < 0.001 for upper and lower eyelids), meibomian gland plugging (P = 0.010 and P = 0.012 for upper and lower eyelids), meibum color (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001 for upper and lower eyelids), meibum consistency (P < 0.001 for upper and lower eyelids), MGD grade (P < 0.001), and OSDI questionnaire score (P < 0.001). Incidence of positive results for MMP-9 immunoassay significantly decreased from 84.0% to 56.0% (P = 0.031) after treatment. Conclusion: In patients with moderate to severe MGD, three sessions of IPL combined with meibomian gland expression improved objective findings, subjective symptoms, meibomian gland function, and MMP-9 immunoassay results. The results support the combination of IPL and meibomian gland expression for treating moderate to severe MGD