Associations of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Physical Activity with Knee Osteoarthritis in Middle-Aged and Older Women

PURPOSE This study examined the associations between the independent and combined levels of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and physical activity (PA) with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in women aged ≥50 years. METHODS A total of 6,688 women aged ≥50 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2009 to 2013 were included. The participants were classified into Case and Normal groups based on the presence of MAFLD, and into Active and Inactive groups based on compliance with the World Health Organization’s PA guidelines. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for KOA according to the independent and combined levels of MAFLD and PA. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher ORs for KOA were observed in the Case group (OR=1.757, p<.001) than in the Normal and Inactive groups (OR=1.181, p<.001). In the combined analysis, all groups (Normal & Inactive: OR=1.281, p=.033; Case & Active: OR=1.672, p<.001; Case & Inactive: OR=2.079, p<.001) showed significantly higher ORs for KOA compared to the Normal & Active group. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of MAFLD management and regular PA for KOA prevention in middle-aged and older women. Moreover, regular PA may be an effective strategy for reducing KOA risk in individuals with MAFLD

요근 농양의 임상적 특징 및 결과 고찰

Background: Psoas abscess is a rare condition with vague clinical presentations, therefore misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is often made. We have reviewed the characteristics of the clinical presentation, microbiology, and treatment of 24 patients with psoas abscess. Methods: The records of all patients treated with psoas abscess at Ajou University Hospital between March, 1-996 and May, 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 24 cases of psoas abscess were reviewed: among these 17 cases were due to secondary cases and seven cases were diagnosed as primary psoas abscess. The right side was affected in 11 cases, the left side in. nine, and both sides in four. Methicillin-susceptible Staphvlococcus aureus was the most frequent (7/24 cases) pathogen, which were detected in cultures from five of seven patients with primary abscesses, whereas Mycobacterium tuberculosis (6/17 eases) and mixed enteric flora were detected in secondary abscesses. Three of the patients with prmai T psoas abscess expired from septic shock. The mortality rate was 12.5%. Conclusion: A psoas abscess should be considered when any patient presents with nonspecific abdominal pain, back pain and fever. This condition may be diagnosed promptly with computed tomography. Treatment involves use of appropriate antibiotics, as well as drainage of the abscess. Antibiotic: coverage must include S. aureus and enteric bacteria. However, in endemic areas (such as Korea), tuberculous infection should be also considered

전립선암 환자에서 Leuprolide Acetate Depot(루피어ⓡ데포주 3.75mg)의 유효성과 안전성 평가를 위한 다기관 임상시험

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists leuprolide acetate depot (Luphereⓡ Depot inj 3.75mg) in patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between December 2005 and April 2006, 96 men with prostate cancer treated with leuprolide acetate 3.75mg. The agent was injected subcutaneously every four weeks for three injections. Primary endpoint was the percentage of men whose serum testosterone concentrations declined to and were maintained at or below castrate level (50ng/dl) during 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints were serum testosterone levels, the changes of prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, the percentage of men whose prostate specific antigen levels were reached nadir after 12 weeks. Patients were monitored for clinical adverse events and laboratory abnormalities. Results: The testosterone concentrations were maintained below castration levels in 89.02% of patients at 4-12 weeks. At baseline, the mean testosterone concentration was 427.32±172.35ng/dl. And the mean testosterone concentration decreased significantly 35.54±95.09ng/dl at 4 weeks, 15.94±44.65ng/dl at 8 weeks and 12.42±21.00 ng/dl at 12 weeks from baseline (p＜0.001). At baseline, the mean PSA level was 76.88±335.71ng/ml. PSA level decreased to 15.79±50.99ng/ml at 4 weeks, 5.68±17.65ng/ml at 8 weeks and 3.59±10.72ng/ml at 12 weeks from baseline (p＜0.001). The adverse events were flushing, increased sweating, and elevated liver enzymes. They are well-known adverse events of leuprolide acetate. Conclusions: Leuprolide acetate 3.75mg reduced testosterone concentrations and maintained castration effectively. Leuprolide acetate 3.75mg was well tolerated with the majority of systemic adverse events being physiologic results of the suppression of testosterone. Therefore, the present findings suggest that leuprolide acetate 3.75mg is useful for treating men with prostate cancer

고혈압을 동반한 제2형 당뇨병환자에서 대사증후군 동반에 따른 임상적 특성

한국인 제2형 당뇨병환자에서 대사증후군은 77.9%가 동반되어 있으며, 고혈압의 유병률은 74.9%이었다. 고혈압을 동반한 제2형 당뇨병환자는 89.5%가 대사증후군으로 진단되었다. 또한 대사증후군이 동반된 고혈압 환자의 경우 그렇지 않은 환자에서 보다 항고혈압 약제는 더 많이 사용하고 있음에도 불구하고 혈압 조절이 잘안되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적인 인구집단에서 대사증후군을 진단하는 것의 필요성에도 논란의 여지가 많지만, 제2형 당뇨병, 특히 고혈압을 동반한 제2형 당뇨병환자에서 대사증후군의 진단이 필요한가에 대한 논란이 있을 수 있다. 하지만 본 연구결과에서 보는 바와 같이 대사증후군이 동반된 고혈압 환자에서는 고혈압 약제의 사용이 더 많이 필요하다. 또한 기존의 당뇨병, 고혈압 환자에서 보이는 심혈관질환의 발생 위험도에 비해 대사증후군이 동반된 경우는 2배 정도 그 위험도가 높아지는 것으로 되어 있기 때문에 좀더 적극적인 혈압 조절과 함께 심혈관질환 예방을 위한 조치 (항혈소판제, 스타틴)가 필요하다.Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. Methods: We collected total 4240 diabetic patients from the data of endocrine clinic of 13 University hospitals in 2006. We used criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and the criteria of waist circumference from the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity as diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome. Result: 74.9% of type 2 diabetic patients had hypertension and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension was 89.5%. Only 35.5% of diabetic patients had well controlled blood pressure below 130/80mmHg. Patients who had metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension used more BP lowering medications (1.5 vs. 1.0), but didn’t control well. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 89.5% in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. Although more BP lowering medication has been used, control rate is lower than those not having metabolic syndrome. We need to pay more attention to control blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome

Efficacy of intense pulsed light as a sterilization treatment for powder foods

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is an innovative non-thermal sterilization method that utilizes the very-high-power and very-short-duration pulses used in pulsed electric field technology, emitting light via inert-gas flash lamps. The large amount of radiation power, including an intense broad spectrum of ultraviolet (UV), visible (VL), and infrared (IR) light provided by the IPL, can be used for inactivating pathogenic microorganisms that are found on food surfaces. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of IPL as a sterilization treatment for powdered foods and to verify its commercial feasibility as a sterilization method. Powdered foods were diluted and treated with IPL under the following conditions: triggering voltage, 25 kV; maintenance input voltage, 500~700 V; and energy density, 0~40 J/cm2. The inactivation of microorganisms increased with the treatment time. The reduction in the number of cells for the standard plate count was up to 5.0 log units at 9.6 J/cm2 in red pepper powder A, and 5.0 log units at 6 J/cm2 in raw grain powder. IPL treatment of soybean flour and cinnamon powder caused a reduction in bacteria count of up to 3.0 log units at 29.5 J/cm2 and 1.8 log units at 41.5 J/cm2, respectively. Sequencing was used to confirm the presence of Bacillus species in the powdered foods. Since color is an important food quality, it was evaluated using colorimetry at the high energy level of 41.5 J/cm2. The obtained &amp;amp;#8710;E value indicated that the powders were not burned by the IPL treatment. The influence of several components of the foods on the sterilization efficiency of IPL was also studied herein. Although IPL is a non-thermal treatment, the temperature of the surface of the food powders was monitored during the IPL sterilization treatment lamp, which was positioned 12 cm away from the samples, using energy levels up to 41.5 J/cm2. The temperature of the food surface increased by up to 16?C. Further studies are needed to establish the commercial application of IPL; however, we believe that it will prove to be a very useful non-thermal method of sterilization for various food products.;천연 상태 식품의 품질을 유지할 수 있는 새로운 비가열 살균 기술로써 기대되는 Intense Pulsed Light(IPL) 기술을 이용하여 분말식품의 살균 효과를 확인하였다. IPL의 가장 기본적인 원리는 전 파장의 강한 빛을 짧은 시간에 식품에 가하여 식품의 표면을 살균시키고 표면 미생물 수를 감소 시키는 데 있다. 또한 광펄스 기술은 식품의 유통기한을 연장하고 품질을 높게 유지하기 위한 목적으로 사용되며 식품 표면 살균과 투명한 포장재에도 적용되는 유용한 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 분말식품에 존재하는 일반 세균의 감소와 광펄스 기술이 분말 식품의 살균에 어떤 영향을 주는지 경향을 보았다. 25 kV triggering voltage, 500~700 V maintaining voltage; 0-40 J/cm2 energy density의 조건에서 처리하였다. IPL 처리를 한 결과 전기력의 세기가 증가할수록, 처리 시간이 상승할수록 미생물의 사멸율이 증가하였다. Plate 상에서 광펄스 처리 효과를 보았을 때는 고춧가루 A의 경우 9.6 J/cm2에서 5.0 log, 콩가루는 6 J/cm2에서 5.0 log 사멸율을 보였다. 또한 실제로 분말식품에 광펄스 처리를 하였을 때는 29.5 J/cm2 에서 3.0 log감소하였고 계피가루의 경우 41.5 J/cm2 에서 1.8 log 사멸율을 나타내었다. 일반적인 분말 식품에서의 위해 세균의 종류는 Sequencing결과로 추측할 수 있었는데, 주로 분말 식품에서 존재하는 미생물은 Bacillus 종으로 보여진다. 광펄스 처리 전과 후의 분말 식품의 외부 변화를 관찰하기 위해 펄스 당 41.5 J/cm2 에서 광펄스 처리 전 후의 색도를 측정하여 처리 후 변화를 관찰하였다. △E 값의 결과로 보아 광펄스 처리에 의해 시료의 색이 크게 변하지 않았음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 비가열 살균인 광펄스 처리의 조건을 확인하기 위해 시료와 램프와의 사이 12 cm, 펄스 당 41.5 J/cm2 에서 광펄스 살균 시 온도 상승을 모니터링하였다. 온도 변화는 16ºC 내외였고, 광펄스 처리 시 열에 의한 살균이 아니라는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 실험 결과를 바탕으로 분말 식품뿐만 아니라 해산물, 육류, 야채 등 영&amp;amp;#8226;유아용 식품 등 비가열 식품에 광펄스 기술을 실제로 적용할 수 있는 살균방법으로써의 가능성을 기대해 본다.1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and Methods 9 2.1. Powder foods 9 2.2. Identification of bacteria in powder foods 9 2.3. Generation device of intense pulsed light 9 2.4. Inactivation effect of IPL on powder foods in solid medium 14 2.5. Inactivation effect of IPL on powder foods 14 2.6. Viability of microorganisms 14 2.7. Color measurement 15 2.8. Temperature measurement during intense pulsed light treatment 15 3. Results and Discussion 16 3.1. Effect of food components on microbial reduction efficiency of IPL 16 3.2. Identification of microorganisms in powder foods 19 3.3. Bacteriocidal effect of IPL on powdered foods in a solid medium 21 3.4. Bacteriocidal effect of IPL on powdered foods 26 3.5. Evaluation of color 33 3.6. Temperature measurement 35 4. Summary and conclusion 37 References 38 국문초록 4

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