33 research outputs found
The Core Tasks and Promotional Strategies of the National Competency Standards
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ ์ค์ฌ ์ฌํ ๊ตฌํ์ ์ํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅ๋ ฅํ์ค ํต์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ๊ณ ์ถ์ง ์ ๋ต์ ๋ชจ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ๋ถ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฅ๋ ฅ ์ค์ฌ ์ฌํ ๊ตฌํ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ ์๋ ์คํ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ NCS ํต์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค.
๋์งธ, NCS์ ํ์ฉ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฒ์๋ฅผ ๋ช
ํํ ํ๊ณ , ๋จ๊ณ๋ณ ์ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๋ก๋๋งต์ ์ ์ํ๋ค.The Government is promoting the unification of education, vocational training, and qualifications, through constructing the National Competency Standards (NCS) as a core mechanism for saying no to society dominated by academic cliques and going for competency-centered society. The NCS will play a role as core infrastructure for realizing the future great power of talented people.
Thus, this study analyzed domestic and foreign trends related to NCS, and then drew core tasks needed to lead relevant policies. Then, this study derived promotional strategies and a road map that would innovate education and training system to meet industrial demand.
The core tasks of NCS suggested in this study were 1) the development of NCS, 2) the development of NCS learning modules, 3) the utilization of NCS-based education & training courses, 4) the plans for the operation of NCS-based qualification system, 5) the introduction and test operation of competency evaluation system, 6) the introduction of national qualification framework (NQF), and 7) the construction of governance for the operation of NCS and NQF.
First, as for the development of NCS, the consultative system of NCS-related industrial organizations and occupational organizations should be constructed; areas should be classified in consideration of occupational system; similar sub-classifications should be integrated in the development of NCS; levels of competency units should be established in consideration of application fields; the core contents and methods of evaluation should be presented; criteria for the selection of NCS development institution should be presented; NCS development experts should be supported; and collaborative system between NCS development institutions should be constructed.
Second, as for the development of NCS learning modules, it should be developed considering collaboration in the processes of NCS development; the promotion of application, utilization, dissemination, and policy research for NCS and learning modules; and the building of a network for the industry-led development and specialized utilization of NCS.
Third, as for the utilization of NCS-based vocational education & training courses, vocational education and training systems should be improved by the active participation of industrial enterprises; and systematic education & training courses should be developed and the certification support system should be substantialized using the NCS information system.
Fourth, as for plans for the operation of NCS-based qualification system, the NCS-based qualification system should minimize confusion among qualification acquisitors through the direct linkage to NCS-based NQF, and changes in qualification system. Then, operation plans should be prepared in consideration of the NCS-based vocational education & training, on-the-job training, the types of qualification.
Fifth, as for the introduction of competency evaluation system, the introduction of competency evaluation system linked to NCS should be promoted on a trial basis. In addition, NCS and competency evaluation system should be actively provided to persons in charge of personnel management in private enterprises.
Sixth, as for the introduction of NQF, the roles of NQF should be the quality control and the presentation of diverse learning routes to secure the practical actuality of diverse NCS-based qualifications.
Seventh, as for governance for the operation of NCS and NQF, the core organization of NCS governance should control the certification system as a deliberative organization and general management organization to guarantee the development and quality of the NCS and learning modules; support development organizations; and promote the construction of the NQF.
The promotional strategies for putting into the practice were 1) to build collaborative system and create cooperative governance among related governmental departments and agencies, 2) to construct infrastructure for the expansion and dissemination of NCS education & training courses, 3) to introduce competency evaluation systems both in the public and private sectors, 4) to designate and operate an agency supervising the promotion of NCS and prepare plans for administrative, financial and institutional operation, and 5) to build the foundation for establishment through the trial application of NQF.
The 5-year road map for the implementation of NCS promotional strategies were 1) conducting research projects on NCS, 2) revising NCS, 3) developing and modifying NCS learning modules, 4) assuring the quality of NCS-based education & training courses, and 5) disseminating of NCS-based education & training courses.์์ฝ vii
์ 1์ฅ ์ ๋ก _1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 3
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 6
์ 2์ฅ NCS ์ ์ฑ
๋ํฅ_13
์ 1์ NCS ๊ด๋ จ ๊ตญ์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ํฅ 15
์ 2์ NCS ๊ด๋ จ ๋ฒ ๋ํฅ 21
์ 3์ NCS ์ ์ฑ
๋ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํต์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ๋์ถ 27
์ 4์ NCS ์ด์ ํด์ธ ์ฌ๋ก 29
์ 3์ฅ NCS ํต์ฌ ๊ณผ์ _49
์ 1์ NCS ๊ฐ๋ฐ 51
์ 2์ NCS ํ์ต๋ชจ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ 63
์ 3์ NCS ๊ต์กํ๋ จ๊ณผ์ ํ์ฉ 80
์ 4์ NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์ 102
์ 5์ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅ๋ ฅํ๊ฐ์ ๋์
๋ฐ ์๋ฒ ์ด์ 114
์ 6์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ญ๋์ฒด๊ณ(NQF)์ ๋์
144
์ 7์ NCS ๋ฐ NQF ์ด์์ ์ํ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค 160
์ 4์ฅ NCS ์ถ์ง ์ ๋ต ๋ฐ ๋ก๋๋งต_175
์ 1์ NCS ์ถ์ง ์ ๋ต 177
์ 2์ NCS ์ถ์ง ๋ก๋๋งต 182
SUMMARY_191
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ_195
๋ถ ๋ก_205
1. NCS ํ์ต๋ชจ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ณํ์ ์์ 207
2. NCS ํ์ต๋ชจ๋(์) 21
Family Metaphors and Familism in the Homeroom Institution of Korean Schools : Continuities and Changes
2012๋
๊ณผ 2013๋
์ฌ์ด์ ๋๋ ์์ธ์์ ์ค๋ฑํ๊ต ๊ต์ฌ๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ฉด๋ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์๋ฐ์ ์ ์ ์ง๊ตฌํ์ ๊ด๋ จํ ๊ต์กํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ๊ต์ฌ๋ค์ ๊ต์ก๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ด๋ ํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๊ณ ์๋๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฉด๋ด์์ ๊ต์ฌ๋ค์๊ฒ ์์ ์ ๊ต์ก์ฒ ํ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ก์ ์ค์ฒ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๋น์ ๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด ์์ ํด ์ค ๊ฒ์ ์์ฒญํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋น์ ์ ํํ์ ํตํด ๊ต์ก์ ๋ฌธํ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ถ๋ก ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ต์กํ๋์ ๋ค์ํ ์์ญ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์ง๋ฌธ์ด ์ฃผ์ด์ก๋ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๊ต์ก์ ์ฃผ์ํ ๋ฌธํ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ๋์ ๋น์ ๊ตฐ์ ํตํด ๋๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๋น์ ๊ตฐ์ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์กฑ ๋น์ ๋ก์ ์ค์ ๋ ์์ ์ ๊ต์ฌ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํตํด ๋งค์ฐ ์ต์ํ๊ฒ ์๊ณ ์์๋, ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๋ ์ ๋๋ ์๊ณ ์์๋ ๋น์ ๋ค์ด์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋๋๊ฒ ๋ค๊ฐ์๋ค. ๋ฌด์๋ณด๋ค๋ ๋๋ฅผ ๋๋ผ๊ฒ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋น์ ์ ์์ด์๋งํผ์ ๊ต์ฌ๋ค์ด 20๋
์ ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅด์ง ์์๋ ์ ์ด์๋ค. ์ดํ์ ๋ถ์ ๋จ๊ณ์์ ๊ฐ์กฑ ๋น์ ๋ ๊ต์ก ๋ฌธํ์ ์ง์๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๋ณ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊นจ๋ซ๊ฒ ๋์์ง๋ง ๋ง์ด๋ค.This article examines the homeroom class as a cultural institution in South Korean schools, with particular reference to the affective tie between the homeroom teacher and the students. Homeroom is a universal feature of Korean schooling at both primary and secondary levels, in which a group of students are assigned to a teacher for one academic year for general guidance in their education. Based on two ethnographic research studies among middle school teachers in the early 1990s and the early 2010s respectively, I find continuities as well as some significant changes in the psychocultural underpinnings of the homeroom institution. A strong continuity was that teachers view raising persons as the ultimate educational goal and center their educational practices on the building of affective ties modeled after the one between the parent and the child, in order to achieve the goal of raising persons. Practicing a parents heart then becomes an educational imperative, by which students are viewed as ones children to be cared for with jeong. This familial model is most strongly applied within the boundary of a homeroom class, as manifest in family metaphors employed by teachers. One remarkable change was that compared to the early 1990s, when a homeroom functioned as a collective unit for educational achievements, in the early 2010s, a homeroom has come to be positioned more as an affective community for sociability
North Korean Refugees' Emotionality and Its Social Implications: A Perspective from Cultural Psychology
์ด ๊ธ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์ด๊ณ ๋ ๋จ๋ถ์ฌํ๋ฌธํํตํฉ์ฐ๊ตฌํ์ ํ์ ์ธ๋ฏธ๋(2003. 5. 8~5. 9)์์ ๋ฐํ๋์๋ค.์ด ๊ธ์ ํ๋ถ ์ฒญ์๋
๋ค์ ๋ฌธํ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ๋จํ ์ฌํ์์์ ์ ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ์ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ ๋จ๋ถํ์ ๋ฌธํ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ํ๋ถ ์ฒญ์๋
๋ค์ ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ๋ ๋จํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํํ ์ง์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ค์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ์ด๋ค. ํ๋ถ ์ฒญ์๋
๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ ์ฌํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ ํํ์ด ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ด์ฐฐ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋งค์ฐ ์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์น๋ค๊ฐ๋, ๋จํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์
์ฅ์์ ๋ณผ ๋ ๋์ธ ๊ด๊ณ์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฝ๋์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ ๋๋ก ์ง์ค์ "์ผ๋ก ์์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ํํํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ข ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ "๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ฑํฅ"์ด ๊ฐํ์ฌ ์ฝ๊ฒ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ํ์ฌํ๋ค๊ณ ์ง์ ๋๋ค. ์ด ๊ธ์ ํ๋ถ ์ฒญ์๋
๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ํ ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ๋ณผ ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ์ง, ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ค ์์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ก ์ธํด ๋จํ ์ฌํ์์์ ์ ์์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋
ผ์ํ๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ์ด ํ๋ถ ์ฒญ์๋
๋ค์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ๋จ๋ถํ์ ๋ฌธํ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ํด ์์ฌํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง ์ญ์ ์ด ๊ธ์์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ํ ์ง๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
This paper examines a psychological and behavioral characteristic of North Korean refugees living in South Korea and its implications for their social adjustment in the South. South Koreans working closely with refugees from the North commonly point out marked emotionality among them, while new comers complain of difficulties in social communication with existing residents. North Korean refugees themselves acknowledge their emotional style as different from the dominant one in the South Korean society. They assume strong emotional ties among themselves, and are critical of South Koreans being emotionally "superficial." On the contrary, South Korean residents often view them as violent, unpredictable, and unruly. It appears that these two groups of people subscribe to different cultural models of emotion and person. This has a serious implication for both the adjustment of refugees in the South and social integration between the two Koreas in the future. This paper, based on interview and participant observation, presents an ethnographic account of the refugees' emotionality, e.g., in what context it is observed, how it is perceived, and how it affects their social life. Further, it points to the different historical trajectories of the two Koreas-one based on a capitalist and the other a socialist economy-as a source of the development of different cultural models of emotion. In so doing, it attempts a possible theoretical formulation that links the intensity of emotional experience, the degree of public display of emotion and structural features of the society at the macro-level, particularly class system.์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ 2002๋
๋ ํ๊ตญํ์ ์งํฅ์ฌ๋จ์ ์ง์์ ์ํ์ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์(KRF-2002-073-BM2004)
Study on Qualification in Service Industry(III): Focused on Personal Service
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์๋น์ค์ฐ์
์ค ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ ๊ต์กํ๋ จ, ๊ณ ์ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ ์๊ฒฉ ์คํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์๊ฒฉ์์ ๋ํ๋๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ , ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์๊ตฌ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฐ๊ตดํ๋ฉฐ, ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ ์ถํ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉํ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๋ถ์ผ ์๊ฒฉ ํํฉ๊ณผ ์คํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , ์๊ฒฉ์ ํ์ฉ์ฑ๊ณผ ์๊ฒฉ์ ๋์ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋์ถํ๊ณ , ๋์งธ, ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ด๋ จ ์์ฑ, ๊ณ ์ฉ, ์ธ๋ ฅ ์๊ธ ๋ฐ ์๊ฒฉ ํํฉ์ ๋ํ ์กฐ์ฌ ๋ถ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค ์ ์ค ์๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์๊ฒฉ(์)์ ๋ฐ๊ตดํ๊ณ , ์
์งธ, ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ข
์ฌ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ฑ ๊ฐํ ๋ฐ ์ง์์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ ์ธ๋ถ ์ฌ์
๋์ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ์ฑ
์ถ์ง์ ํ์ํ ์ข
ํฉ ๊ณํ ์๋ฆฝ, ์คํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ ๋ฑ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค.This research aims to suggest a solution for the issue raised out of an existing qualification through the comprehensive analysis on the current state in qualification of personal service amid service industry, and thus to develop the newly-demanded qualification in personal service. To attain these goals, the significance, the current state of personal service and its VET have been examined along with an analysis of qualification''s utilization and proposition of drawback, solution, etc., based on the results of research. For the foreign personal service qualification and current state of occupation, those of Japan, France, Germany, Britain and the US were researched and analyzed in comparison with the domestic. The examination for the suitability of a newly-developed qualification was proceeded following the preparation of the criteria and course for its selection to create the demand for it. The further study was offered along with the cultivation of business and the measure related to the qualification system and job creation. The methodology utilized was literature analysis, professions council, survey ,interview, etc.
For its current state, there are about 239 of personal service qualifications with private qualification of more than 70% among them. In this study the portions of service provision and production with management for the personal service qualifications of 239 were compared, while a personal service was prescribed to be ''a job creating profits by satisfying the customer''s demand with individual provision of service''. Among them, the qualifications with higher portion in service-related job were chosen for the examination study. In case of private qualifications, 84 of them were chosen at last for the examination on the preferential basis of repetitions in job specifications between them.
For the utilization of personal service qualification, that of hotel manager(3.70), hotel servant(3.61), tour guide-interpreter(3.66), etc. was appeared to be relatively high among the national qualifications in its governing law, while that of race official(2.86) was low. The utilization in qualification of craftsman such as cook, blowfish(4.0), industrial engineer such as cook, blowfish(3.98), industrial engineer, Chinese food(3.97), patissier(3.94), jeweller(3.94), craftsman in gas(3.87), industrial engineer in boiler(3.84), etc. was upheld among the national technical qualifications. Especially, all the qualifications in the fields of accommodation and restaurant scored the high degree of application above the level of 3.5. By and large the degree of utilization of national technical qualification in personal service was above 3.0, higher than the private qualification. Among the private qualifications, the utilization was presented to be high in the order of a barista(3.82), funeral manager(3.74), shoe fitter(3.66), pet groomer(3.56), etc. The qualification such as international naming consultant(2.97) or dowser(2.98) was in lower use.
For drawbacks and corrective measures for them in personal service qualification, it was founded that a lack of demand in the industrial field and specialization begat the lower the degree of utilization as a drawback at large. Wholesalers, retailers, accommodations and restaurants lacked specialization, while arts, sports, and leisure services lacked a legal basis. Associations, groups, repairs and other miscellaneous personal services were questioned for the absence of systematic and transnational qualification. As the biggest issue raised was that it was strewn with difficulties in the job performance despite the acquisition of qualification in case of a national qualification in personal service, there were numerous voices for the improvement in examination methods and strengthened courses of training as possible solutions. For the private qualification, a lack of utilization and profession of qualification was mainly pointed out for ambiguity of job boundary and its detail as well as absence of systematic education. For corrective measures, it was suggested that the higher quality assurance and profession of qualification needed to be ensured from tightening the evaluation of the agency in charge of examination and management of a qualification.
The criteria for development of new personal service qualification was determined to be the degree of demand for service, profession, need for recognition of competency, job availability, etc. There are 15 newly developed qualifications in jobs such as temple food specialist, catering service, carver, industrial engineer in beverage management, eco-friendly golf course manager, shoe fitter, etc. Although the national qualification showed higher degree of utilization than that of the private in labor market, appropriate examination is inevitable for the relevant assignment in development of new national qualifications as it means a greater burden with social cost incurred for the government to nationalize all the necessary qualifications. It was found that most of personal service workers prefers the national and national technical qualifications with a particular favor of certified private qualification in the fields such as arts, sports and leisure services. Apparently the private qualification should be basically designed and managed by the lead of concerned association or group, while its maintenance is continued by the registration as a private qualification under the supervision of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. If necessary, the objectivity and reliability as much as the level of national qualification can be obtained between the qualification holder and consumer by the concerned department preparing the related authorization procedures of for the certified private qualification. Among the 15 qualifications โcraftsman motor vehicles maintenanceโ and โcraftsman motor cycles maintenanceโ were found appropriate to be national qualifications as a result of collection views from researchers and professionals in qualification for the type of newly-developed personal service qualifications based on the criteria of selection for national qualification.
The mid-long term measures deducted are the enhancement of profession in cultivation and qualification system, establishment of support system, organization and management of funding for cultivation and support, etc. Firstly the measure of enhancement of profession in cultivation and qualification system is comprised of NCS development, recognition of curriculum and qualification of specialized education and training, criteria development for evaluation of qualification management, amelioration and linkage to employment of existing qualification, measure recognizing sole proprietor''s personal service, etc. The measure of establishment of support system deals with review of its project and legislation, regularization of council for employment and qualification, composition and management of sector council, and establishment and management of platform agency. Also the measure of organization and management of funding for cultivation and support suggested to support education and training as well as reeducation of small business, project for organizing supportive funding, building up and utilization of the online community.
The further studies were suggested in three fields- comprehensive planning, implementation of research project and quality assurance. Firstly the comprehensive planning study for the departmental integration of government, research on the current state and measure of enhancing competitiveness were suggested for the detailed research. For the research project, the study was suggested in development of job specification and NCS, composition of professional qualification and supportive research, establishment and management of qualification, evaluation of performance and drawback, job specification and qualification in amalgamating fields, establishment of sector council, etc. The detailed study in quality assurance was proposed in the research on the evaluation and recognition system of training and qualification, establishment of performance management system related to cultivation, qualification and employment, infra-structure for the enhancement of profession, etc.์์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์ ๋ก _1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 3
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฒ์, ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ8
์ 3์ ์๊ฒฉ ๊ด๋ จ ์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ16
์ 2์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ด๋ จ ํํฉ_33
์ 1์ ์๋น์ค์ฐ์
์ ํน์ง35
์ 2์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ ์ค์์ฑ39
์ 3์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
ํํฉ44
์ 4์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ ๊ด๋ จ ์ง์
ํํฉ53
์ 5์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ํํฉ77
์ 6์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 93
์ 3์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์_97
์ 1์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ํํฉ99
์ 2์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ํ์ฉ์ฑ ๋ถ์108
์ 3์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์139
์ 4์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 149
์ 4์ฅ ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ_153
์ 1์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ155
์ 2์ ํ๋์ค์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ166
์ 3์ ๋
์ผ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ184
์ 4์ ์๊ตญ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ203
์ 5์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ214
์ 6์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 224
์ 5์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ์ ์ค ์์_229
์ 1์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ์ ์ค์ ๋ฐฉํฅ231
์ 2์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๊ตด ์ ์ฐจ235
์ 3์ ๋ฐ๊ตด ์๊ฒฉ(์)์ ์ ํฉ์ฑ ์กฐ์ฌ ๋ฐ ์ด์ ๋ฐฉํฅ242
์ 4์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 250
์ 6์ฅ ์ ์ฑ
๋ฐ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ธ_253
์ 1์ ์ข
ํฉ ์์ฌ์ 255
์ 2์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ธ258
์ 3์ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ธ269
SUMMARY_275
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ_281
๋ถ ๋ก_289
[๋ถ๋ก 1] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ๋ถ๋ฅ(ํ๊ตญํ์ค์ฐ์
๋ถ๋ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค)291
[๋ถ๋ก 2] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ข
๋ณ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง295
[๋ถ๋ก 3] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ์ ์ค(์) - ์ด 15๊ฐ32
The Maternal Side of the North Korean Family State : The Case of the Medical Care Sector
์ด ๊ธ์ ๋ถํ ๋ณด๊ฑด์๋ฃ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋์์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ํ ์ฐฉ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ๋ด๋ก ์ ๋ถ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ถํ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ฃผ์ ์ฒด์ ์ ์ค์ํ ์ฐจ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๋ชจ์ฑ์ฑ์ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์๋ฃ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ์์ ์ง์นจ์ด์ ๋์ค๋์์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ ์ฑ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ์กฑ ๊ด๊ณ์์ ๋ฐฐํ๋๋ ํ ์ฐฉ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ๋ฒ์ฃผ๋ค์ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ด๋ก ํํ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ผ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ณต์ฐ์ฃผ์๋ผ๋ ์ธ๋ ์ด๋ฐ์ฌ๋ก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ ์ฐฉ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์งํ ์์ผ๋ก ๋์ด๋ค์ด๋ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ํต์ฌ์ด ๋๋ ํ ์ฐฉ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์ธ ์ก์น์ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ ์ ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ ๊ด๊ณ ์ค์์๋ ๋ชจ-์๋
๊ด๊ณ์ ํ ๋ํ ๊ฒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊น์ผ์ฑ๊ณผ ๊น์ ์ผ์ ์ ์, ๋ก๋์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌ๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ณด๊ฑด์๋ฃ๋ถ๋ฌธ ์ ์ ์ํ๋ ๋ชจ-์๋
๊ด๊ณ์ ์ ์ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ ์ ์ญ๋์ด ์ ์นํ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ผ๊ด๋๊ฒ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์๋ฃ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋์์ ๋ชจ์ฑ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋๋ฌ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋น์ด ๊ณง ์ด๋จธ๋์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๊ฑด์๋ฃ๋ถ๋ฌธ ์ข
์ฌ์๋ค์ ์ด๋จธ๋๋น์ ๋ณด์ดํ์ ์ต์ ์ ์์ ์ํํ๋ ์ ์ฌ๋ค์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์๋ฃ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ๋ก๋ ํนํ ๋น์ ์ญํ ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ๋ ๋ถํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ฒด์ ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ฃผ์์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ-์ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์น๋ง์ผ๋ก๋ ์ค๋ช
๋์ง ์๋๋ค๋ ์ ์ ์์ํ๋ค.While the North Korean family state has been largely accounted for in terms of the patrilineal and patriarchal principles of Confucianism, this article argues for the maternal side of the North Korean family state, by examining familial metaphors employed in the propaganda efforts in the medical care sector. Maternal love and care is figured centrally in the familial metaphors in the three sites of propaganda efforts examined in this article: writings of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, model cases reported on Rodong Sinmun, and a propaganda film. A case in point is the popular campaign of the medical care sector, called devotion movement. The campaign illustrates that the primordial attachment and psychodynamics nurtured in the mother-child dyad is appropriated for the loyalty to the Party, by way of care narratives that profusely utilize certain cultural categories of affect closely related to mothering. This well resonates with the fact that the Party is called the Mother in North Korea, the medical care workers being Her warriors
"Junior Highs Are Crazy": The American Ethnopsychology of Early Adolescence
์ด ๊ธ์์ ๋๋ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ ๋ฏผ์์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ (ethnopsychological) ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๊ฒํ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋ฌ์ผ ์ฌํ๋ฌธํ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ค์ํ ์ผ๋ถ๋ก์, ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ค์ ๋ก ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ฒฝํ๋๋๊ฐ์ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค๋ ์ ์ ๋
ผ์ํ๋ค. ๋ฏผ์์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ(folk model)์ ์ผ๋ถ๋ก์, ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง, ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ฌ ๋ฑ์ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํด ํ ์ฌํ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์๋ค์ด ๋ฌธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต์ ํ๋ ์๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์ง์์ ์ผ์ปซ๋๋ค. ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌด์๋ณด๋ค๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ํํ์ ํตํด ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ ์์์ ์์์ ์์น๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ณ ํ์ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ์์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ฌ๋๋จ์ ์ฌํํ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํ ์ฒญ์ฌ์ง์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค(์๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฉด Lutz 1983). ํนํ ์ฑ์ธ์ ์ญํ ์ ์ํ ์ค๋น๊ฐ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ์์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ฝ๋์ ํ์ต์ ์ฌํํ์ ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ค ์ด ๊ธ์ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ฌ์ ํ์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํด์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ค ๋ฏผ์์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋์ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ ์ฒญ์๋
๋ค์ ๋ํ ์ฌํํ์ ์ด๋ค ์ํฅ์ ๋ง์น๋์ง๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณธ๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ๋
ผ์๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ์๊ตฌ ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ฃผ์ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ํ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ตฌ๋ถํด ๋ณธ๋ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฐ๋์ ์ธ์ด์ ์ธ ํํ์ ๋๋ฐ ํ์ง๋ ์๋ ๋ณด๋ค ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ๊ณ ์๋ฌต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ง์์ ์ผ์ปซ๋๋ฐ ๋นํด, ๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ด๋ค ํ์์ ๋ณธ์ง์ ๊ธฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ ์ฐฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ ์ ๋ค(propositions)๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฌํ ์ ์ฒด๋ค์ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ํด ์ง์ ๋ ์ ์๋ค(DAndrade 1995: 172; Strauss 1990: 314), ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋จ๋ฉด์ ์ผ๋ก๋ง ์์ ํ์ ์ธ์ด์ ์ธ ํํ์ ํตํด ํํ๋๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ์์์ ์ํด์ ์ ์ถ๋๋ค. ๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋นํด ๋ณด๋ค ๋ช
ํํ๊ฒ ์ธ์ดํ๋, ํ ์ฐฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ฐ๋๋ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์ด๋ก ํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค๊ณ ํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋๋ ์ด ๊ธ์์ ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ฌธ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ด๋ก ๋ชจ๋ ๋ณด๋ค ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ด์ฑ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ํ ์๊ตฌ์ฌํ์ ๋ฏผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๊ทธ ๋ฟ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์์์ ๋ฐํ๊ณ , ์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก ์ ์๋ฅผ ํํด ์๊ตฌ ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ณดํธ์ฑ์ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
This paper examines the American cultural construction of emotions and its influences on the socialization of early adolescents. It is based on 12 months of ethnographic field research in a public junior high school in the Midwest, U. S. A child, according to the American cultural model of human development, goes through a series of distinctive stages as it matures, each stage being characterized by certain developmental features. With the stage model, early adolescence is readily conceptualized as a unique life phase, when the most observable and dramatic events of sexual maturation occur.
The American educators associated early adolescence with a remarkably vulnerable emotional state, and explained the high emotionality in psychophysiological terms ("hormones"). They conceived a major developmental difficulty of early adolescence as being too "emotional" or "irrational", lacking rationality ("brains on vacation"). An urgent educational task was then to help early adolescents develop rational control over their emotions. Students were guided to verbalize and detach themselves from their emotions, especially when they experienced socially negative emotions, such as anger. This educational task was challenging, I contend, not so much because of the emotionality of early adolescents as the American cultural emphasis on emotion control
๋ฃจ์ ๋งค๋์ค ํธ, ใ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ์ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ค์ ใ ๊น์ฑ๊ณค ์ธ ์ฎ๊น(์์ธ๋์ถํ๋ถ, 2006)
์ด ์ฑ
์ ํธ์ ๋ก์ ๋ชจ๋ 17๊ฐ์ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ด ์๋ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ๋ฌผ์ธํธ๋ผ๊ณ ํด๋ ์ข์ ๋งํผ ๋ค์ํ๊ณ ์ฌ๋ ๊น์ ๊ธ๋ค์ ๋ด๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ธ์ ๋ง๋ฏธ์๋ ๊ทธ ๊ธ์ ๋ํ ๋
ผํ๊น์ง ์ค๋ ค ์๋ค. ์ข
ํฉ์ ๋ฌผ์ธํธ์ด๋๋งํผ ํ๊บผ๋ฒ์ ์๋
ํ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋ง์ ์์ด์ง๋ง ๋ด๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ๋น๊ธฐ๋ ๊ฒ๋ค๋ถํฐ ์ฐจ๊ทผํ ์ฝ์ด๋๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ์ข๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ด๊ฐ ์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ๋จน์ด๋ณด์ง ์์๋ ๊ณผ์๊น์ง๋ ํ๋ฒ ๋ง์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ๊ฒ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ ๋ฌผ์ธํธ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๊ฒ ๋ค. ๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ๋จํ ๋ด์ฉ์ค๋ช
๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ๊น์ง ๋ค์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ด์์ผ๋ ๋์ฑ ์ข๋ค. ๋งํ์๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ์์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ ์์ฐจ๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ์๋ค์ ์ง์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ๋ฌผ์ธํธ๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฑ
์ ์์ (Locating American Studies: The Evolution of a Discipline)๋ ์ด ์ฑ
์ ํธ์งํ๊ฒ ๋ ์๋๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ์ ๊ทธ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ๊ฐ๊ดํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ํ์ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ์ด ์ ์๋ ์ง์ ์ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ํ์
ํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ก ๋์๊ฐ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ๊ฐ๋ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์์์ ์์ ํด์ฃผ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฎ๊ธด์ด๋ค์ด ๋ถ์ธ ์ ๋ชฉ(๋ฏธ๊ตญํ์ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ค์ )์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ํด์ ์ ๋งํด์ฃผ๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ๏ผ ์ ๋ชฉ ๊ทธ๋๋ก ์ด ์ฑ
์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ์ ์์ด์์ ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์ ์์ ๋ค์ ๋ค๋ฃฌ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ๋ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฌ๋ก์์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ค์ ์ ์ฉํ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ๋ค๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ ์๋ค
Study on Qualification in Service Industry(III): Focused on Personal Service
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์๋น์ค์ฐ์
์ค ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ ๊ต์กํ๋ จ, ๊ณ ์ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ ์๊ฒฉ ์คํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์๊ฒฉ์์ ๋ํ๋๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ , ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์๊ตฌ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฐ๊ตดํ๋ฉฐ, ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ ์ถํ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉํ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๋ถ์ผ ์๊ฒฉ ํํฉ๊ณผ ์คํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , ์๊ฒฉ์ ํ์ฉ์ฑ๊ณผ ์๊ฒฉ์ ๋์ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋์ถํ๊ณ , ๋์งธ, ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ด๋ จ ์์ฑ, ๊ณ ์ฉ, ์ธ๋ ฅ ์๊ธ ๋ฐ ์๊ฒฉ ํํฉ์ ๋ํ ์กฐ์ฌ ๋ถ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค ์ ์ค ์๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์๊ฒฉ(์)์ ๋ฐ๊ตดํ๊ณ , ์
์งธ, ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ข
์ฌ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ฑ ๊ฐํ ๋ฐ ์ง์์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ ์ธ๋ถ ์ฌ์
๋์ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ์ฑ
์ถ์ง์ ํ์ํ ์ข
ํฉ ๊ณํ ์๋ฆฝ, ์คํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ ๋ฑ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค.This research aims to suggest a solution for the issue raised out of an existing qualification through the comprehensive analysis on the current state in qualification of personal service amid service industry, and thus to develop the newly-demanded qualification in personal service. To attain these goals, the significance, the current state of personal service and its VET have been examined along with an analysis of qualification''s utilization and proposition of drawback, solution, etc., based on the results of research. For the foreign personal service qualification and current state of occupation, those of Japan, France, Germany, Britain and the US were researched and analyzed in comparison with the domestic. The examination for the suitability of a newly-developed qualification was proceeded following the preparation of the criteria and course for its selection to create the demand for it. The further study was offered along with the cultivation of business and the measure related to the qualification system and job creation. The methodology utilized was literature analysis, professions council, survey ,interview, etc.
For its current state, there are about 239 of personal service qualifications with private qualification of more than 70% among them. In this study the portions of service provision and production with management for the personal service qualifications of 239 were compared, while a personal service was prescribed to be ''a job creating profits by satisfying the customer''s demand with individual provision of service''. Among them, the qualifications with higher portion in service-related job were chosen for the examination study. In case of private qualifications, 84 of them were chosen at last for the examination on the preferential basis of repetitions in job specifications between them.
For the utilization of personal service qualification, that of hotel manager(3.70), hotel servant(3.61), tour guide-interpreter(3.66), etc. was appeared to be relatively high among the national qualifications in its governing law, while that of race official(2.86) was low. The utilization in qualification of craftsman such as cook, blowfish(4.0), industrial engineer such as cook, blowfish(3.98), industrial engineer, Chinese food(3.97), patissier(3.94), jeweller(3.94), craftsman in gas(3.87), industrial engineer in boiler(3.84), etc. was upheld among the national technical qualifications. Especially, all the qualifications in the fields of accommodation and restaurant scored the high degree of application above the level of 3.5. By and large the degree of utilization of national technical qualification in personal service was above 3.0, higher than the private qualification. Among the private qualifications, the utilization was presented to be high in the order of a barista(3.82), funeral manager(3.74), shoe fitter(3.66), pet groomer(3.56), etc. The qualification such as international naming consultant(2.97) or dowser(2.98) was in lower use.
For drawbacks and corrective measures for them in personal service qualification, it was founded that a lack of demand in the industrial field and specialization begat the lower the degree of utilization as a drawback at large. Wholesalers, retailers, accommodations and restaurants lacked specialization, while arts, sports, and leisure services lacked a legal basis. Associations, groups, repairs and other miscellaneous personal services were questioned for the absence of systematic and transnational qualification. As the biggest issue raised was that it was strewn with difficulties in the job performance despite the acquisition of qualification in case of a national qualification in personal service, there were numerous voices for the improvement in examination methods and strengthened courses of training as possible solutions. For the private qualification, a lack of utilization and profession of qualification was mainly pointed out for ambiguity of job boundary and its detail as well as absence of systematic education. For corrective measures, it was suggested that the higher quality assurance and profession of qualification needed to be ensured from tightening the evaluation of the agency in charge of examination and management of a qualification.
The criteria for development of new personal service qualification was determined to be the degree of demand for service, profession, need for recognition of competency, job availability, etc. There are 15 newly developed qualifications in jobs such as temple food specialist, catering service, carver, industrial engineer in beverage management, eco-friendly golf course manager, shoe fitter, etc. Although the national qualification showed higher degree of utilization than that of the private in labor market, appropriate examination is inevitable for the relevant assignment in development of new national qualifications as it means a greater burden with social cost incurred for the government to nationalize all the necessary qualifications. It was found that most of personal service workers prefers the national and national technical qualifications with a particular favor of certified private qualification in the fields such as arts, sports and leisure services. Apparently the private qualification should be basically designed and managed by the lead of concerned association or group, while its maintenance is continued by the registration as a private qualification under the supervision of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. If necessary, the objectivity and reliability as much as the level of national qualification can be obtained between the qualification holder and consumer by the concerned department preparing the related authorization procedures of for the certified private qualification. Among the 15 qualifications โcraftsman motor vehicles maintenanceโ and โcraftsman motor cycles maintenanceโ were found appropriate to be national qualifications as a result of collection views from researchers and professionals in qualification for the type of newly-developed personal service qualifications based on the criteria of selection for national qualification.
The mid-long term measures deducted are the enhancement of profession in cultivation and qualification system, establishment of support system, organization and management of funding for cultivation and support, etc. Firstly the measure of enhancement of profession in cultivation and qualification system is comprised of NCS development, recognition of curriculum and qualification of specialized education and training, criteria development for evaluation of qualification management, amelioration and linkage to employment of existing qualification, measure recognizing sole proprietor''s personal service, etc. The measure of establishment of support system deals with review of its project and legislation, regularization of council for employment and qualification, composition and management of sector council, and establishment and management of platform agency. Also the measure of organization and management of funding for cultivation and support suggested to support education and training as well as reeducation of small business, project for organizing supportive funding, building up and utilization of the online community.
The further studies were suggested in three fields- comprehensive planning, implementation of research project and quality assurance. Firstly the comprehensive planning study for the departmental integration of government, research on the current state and measure of enhancing competitiveness were suggested for the detailed research. For the research project, the study was suggested in development of job specification and NCS, composition of professional qualification and supportive research, establishment and management of qualification, evaluation of performance and drawback, job specification and qualification in amalgamating fields, establishment of sector council, etc. The detailed study in quality assurance was proposed in the research on the evaluation and recognition system of training and qualification, establishment of performance management system related to cultivation, qualification and employment, infra-structure for the enhancement of profession, etc.์์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์ ๋ก _1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 3
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฒ์, ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ8
์ 3์ ์๊ฒฉ ๊ด๋ จ ์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ16
์ 2์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ด๋ จ ํํฉ_33
์ 1์ ์๋น์ค์ฐ์
์ ํน์ง35
์ 2์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ ์ค์์ฑ39
์ 3์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
ํํฉ44
์ 4์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ ๊ด๋ จ ์ง์
ํํฉ53
์ 5์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ํํฉ77
์ 6์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 93
์ 3์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์_97
์ 1์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ํํฉ99
์ 2์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ํ์ฉ์ฑ ๋ถ์108
์ 3์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์139
์ 4์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 149
์ 4์ฅ ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ_153
์ 1์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ155
์ 2์ ํ๋์ค์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ166
์ 3์ ๋
์ผ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ184
์ 4์ ์๊ตญ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ203
์ 5์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ214
์ 6์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 224
์ 5์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ์ ์ค ์์_229
์ 1์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ์ ์ค์ ๋ฐฉํฅ231
์ 2์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๊ตด ์ ์ฐจ235
์ 3์ ๋ฐ๊ตด ์๊ฒฉ(์)์ ์ ํฉ์ฑ ์กฐ์ฌ ๋ฐ ์ด์ ๋ฐฉํฅ242
์ 4์ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 250
์ 6์ฅ ์ ์ฑ
๋ฐ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ธ_253
์ 1์ ์ข
ํฉ ์์ฌ์ 255
์ 2์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ธ258
์ 3์ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ธ269
SUMMARY_275
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ_281
๋ถ ๋ก_289
[๋ถ๋ก 1] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ๋ถ๋ฅ(ํ๊ตญํ์ค์ฐ์
๋ถ๋ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค)291
[๋ถ๋ก 2] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์ข
๋ณ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง295
[๋ถ๋ก 3] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ์ ์ค(์) - ์ด 15๊ฐ32
[์ด์ ๋ถ์] ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค ๋ถ์ผ ์ ๊ท ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๊ตด๊ณผ ์ด์
โ
. ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐ
โ
ก. ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
๊ด๋ จ ํํฉ
โ
ข. ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์
โ
ฃ. ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์
ํํฉ
โ
ค. ๊ฐ์ธ์๋น์ค์
์๊ฒฉ์ ์ ์ค ์์
1. ์ ์ค ์์ ์กฐ์ฌ
2. ์ ์ค ๋์ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ด์ ๋ฐฉํฅ
โ
ฅ. ์
Progress on the Initiation of the NCS-based Vocational Education and Training Policies & Future Suggestions
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์์โNCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
โ์ NCS ๋ฐ NCS ํ์ต๋ชจ๋์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ , ์ ๋ฉด์ ๋์
๏ผํ์ฉ์ ์ ์ ๋ก ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก ํ์ ํจ. ๋ถ์ฒ ์ ์ฑ
์ฌ์
๋ฌธ์์ ์ง์ ์ ์ผ๋ก NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ, ์ฆ NCS ๋ฐ NCS ํ์ต๋ชจ๋์ ๋์
๏ผํ์ฉ ๊ด๋ จ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์ ์๋์ด ์๊ณ , ์์ฐ์ด ํฌ์
๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ฌ์
์ ๊ตญํํ์ฌ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์์ง๏ผ๋ถ์ํจ. ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์์ง๏ผ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ฐ, ์ ํ, ๋์, ์ ์ฑ
๋ณ ํ์ ์ฌ์
, ์ด์ ์ฃผ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ถ์ง ์ฒด๊ณ ๋ฑ์ ํํฉ์ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ฐ๊ณํ์ฌ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
๋์งธ, NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ ํ์ ์ฌ์
์ ์ง์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ฑ
์์์ ์๋น์ค ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค.Now is the time when the overall understanding and monitoring of the progress on the initiation of the policy projects is required, owing to the following reasons: a liaison between the policies when in the process of developingยทapplyingยทexpanding NCS, the efficiency of the maintenanceยทsupport on ther related projects, and lastly, improving the usability of the outcome. In particular, it proves its significance to collectยทanalyze all documents about the related policy projects from the last three years of carefully studied data ever since the year of 2013, - despite it being a short period of time ยญ to examine the meaningful result and its overall effect, and to make future suggestions on the application of the policies in the industrial field, quality management, and of the vocational education and training.
In the following research: 1. We have collectedยทanalyzed all documents about the NCS-based Vocational Education and Training Policies in order to complete a base case analysis on the characteristics, targeting audience, types, liaison with other policy projects, total budget, main managing agent, and promotion system of the policy, and have finished monitoring the group of experts in connection with the outcome. 2. We have offered future suggestions on the retainability of the NCS-based Vocational Education and Training Policy Projects and the improvement on the service for the prospective beneficiaries of the policy.
The outcome of the following research covers: 1. Plans on integrated development of demand base qualifications in the industrial world, NCS, and learning modules. 2. Quality management on the NCS-based Vocational Education and Training & Plans on establishing its reflux system. 3. Assessment on the achievement of the NCS-based Vocational Education and Training & Plans on financial support. 4. Suggestions on the policy projects such as the establishment of governance of the NCS-based Vocational Education and Training and future strategies.์ ์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์๋ก _1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 3
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 5
์ 3์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฒ์, ๋์ ๋ฐ ํ๊ณ 11
์ 2์ฅ NCS ๊ด๋ จ ์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฑ
๋ํฅ ๋ถ์_17
์ 1์ NCS ๊ด๋ จ ์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ 19
์ 2์ NCS ๊ด๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
๋ํฅ 28
์ 3์ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ ์ข
ํฉ 40
์ 3์ฅ NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
์ถ์ง ํํฉ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ถ์_45
์ 1์ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ์ 47
์ 2์ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ถ์ 52
์ 3์ ์ข
ํฉ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 82
์ 4์ฅ NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง_91
์ 1์ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง ์งํ(์) ๊ฐ๋ฐ 93
์ 2์ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง ์ค์ 106
์ 3์ ์ข
ํฉ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 164
์ 5์ฅ NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐ ์ถ์ง ๋ก๋๋งต_171
์ 1์ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ ์ ์ 173
์ 2์ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ ์ถ์ง ๋ก๋๋งต 190
SUMMARY_199
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ_201
๋ถ ๋ก_209
1. ์ฝ๋กํค์ ์๋ฃ 211
2. FGI ์กฐ์ฌ์ง 21