33 research outputs found

    The Core Tasks and Promotional Strategies of the National Competency Standards

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ง๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ‘œ์ค€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์„ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ NCS ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, NCS์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.The Government is promoting the unification of education, vocational training, and qualifications, through constructing the National Competency Standards (NCS) as a core mechanism for saying no to society dominated by academic cliques and going for competency-centered society. The NCS will play a role as core infrastructure for realizing the future great power of talented people. Thus, this study analyzed domestic and foreign trends related to NCS, and then drew core tasks needed to lead relevant policies. Then, this study derived promotional strategies and a road map that would innovate education and training system to meet industrial demand. The core tasks of NCS suggested in this study were 1) the development of NCS, 2) the development of NCS learning modules, 3) the utilization of NCS-based education & training courses, 4) the plans for the operation of NCS-based qualification system, 5) the introduction and test operation of competency evaluation system, 6) the introduction of national qualification framework (NQF), and 7) the construction of governance for the operation of NCS and NQF. First, as for the development of NCS, the consultative system of NCS-related industrial organizations and occupational organizations should be constructed; areas should be classified in consideration of occupational system; similar sub-classifications should be integrated in the development of NCS; levels of competency units should be established in consideration of application fields; the core contents and methods of evaluation should be presented; criteria for the selection of NCS development institution should be presented; NCS development experts should be supported; and collaborative system between NCS development institutions should be constructed. Second, as for the development of NCS learning modules, it should be developed considering collaboration in the processes of NCS development; the promotion of application, utilization, dissemination, and policy research for NCS and learning modules; and the building of a network for the industry-led development and specialized utilization of NCS. Third, as for the utilization of NCS-based vocational education & training courses, vocational education and training systems should be improved by the active participation of industrial enterprises; and systematic education & training courses should be developed and the certification support system should be substantialized using the NCS information system. Fourth, as for plans for the operation of NCS-based qualification system, the NCS-based qualification system should minimize confusion among qualification acquisitors through the direct linkage to NCS-based NQF, and changes in qualification system. Then, operation plans should be prepared in consideration of the NCS-based vocational education & training, on-the-job training, the types of qualification. Fifth, as for the introduction of competency evaluation system, the introduction of competency evaluation system linked to NCS should be promoted on a trial basis. In addition, NCS and competency evaluation system should be actively provided to persons in charge of personnel management in private enterprises. Sixth, as for the introduction of NQF, the roles of NQF should be the quality control and the presentation of diverse learning routes to secure the practical actuality of diverse NCS-based qualifications. Seventh, as for governance for the operation of NCS and NQF, the core organization of NCS governance should control the certification system as a deliberative organization and general management organization to guarantee the development and quality of the NCS and learning modules; support development organizations; and promote the construction of the NQF. The promotional strategies for putting into the practice were 1) to build collaborative system and create cooperative governance among related governmental departments and agencies, 2) to construct infrastructure for the expansion and dissemination of NCS education & training courses, 3) to introduce competency evaluation systems both in the public and private sectors, 4) to designate and operate an agency supervising the promotion of NCS and prepare plans for administrative, financial and institutional operation, and 5) to build the foundation for establishment through the trial application of NQF. The 5-year road map for the implementation of NCS promotional strategies were 1) conducting research projects on NCS, 2) revising NCS, 3) developing and modifying NCS learning modules, 4) assuring the quality of NCS-based education & training courses, and 5) disseminating of NCS-based education & training courses.์š”์•ฝ vii ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก _1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 ์ œ2์žฅ NCS ์ •์ฑ… ๋™ํ–ฅ_13 ์ œ1์ ˆ NCS ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ์ • ๊ณผ์ œ ๋™ํ–ฅ 15 ์ œ2์ ˆ NCS ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ• ๋™ํ–ฅ 21 ์ œ3์ ˆ NCS ์ •์ฑ… ๋™ํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋„์ถœ 27 ์ œ4์ ˆ NCS ์šด์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 29 ์ œ3์žฅ NCS ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ_49 ์ œ1์ ˆ NCS ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 51 ์ œ2์ ˆ NCS ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 63 ์ œ3์ ˆ NCS ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • ํ™œ์šฉ 80 ์ œ4์ ˆ NCS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 102 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์ง๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์šด์˜ 114 ์ œ6์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ฒด๊ณ„(NQF)์˜ ๋„์ž… 144 ์ œ7์ ˆ NCS ๋ฐ NQF ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 160 ์ œ4์žฅ NCS ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต_175 ์ œ1์ ˆ NCS ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต 177 ์ œ2์ ˆ NCS ์ถ”์ง„ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต 182 SUMMARY_191 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ_195 ๋ถ€ ๋ก_205 1. NCS ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณ„ํš์„œ ์–‘์‹ 207 2. NCS ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋“ˆ(์•ˆ) 21

    Family Metaphors and Familism in the Homeroom Institution of Korean Schools : Continuities and Changes

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    2012๋…„๊ณผ 2013๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์˜ ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฐœ์ ์€ ์ „์ง€๊ตฌํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉด๋‹ด์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์œ ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋น„์œ ๊ตฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋น„์œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋น„์œ ๋กœ์„œ ์‹ค์ƒ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ์žŠ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋น„์œ ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋น„์œ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋งŒํผ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด 20๋…„ ์ „๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋น„์œ ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ง€์†๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.This article examines the homeroom class as a cultural institution in South Korean schools, with particular reference to the affective tie between the homeroom teacher and the students. Homeroom is a universal feature of Korean schooling at both primary and secondary levels, in which a group of students are assigned to a teacher for one academic year for general guidance in their education. Based on two ethnographic research studies among middle school teachers in the early 1990s and the early 2010s respectively, I find continuities as well as some significant changes in the psychocultural underpinnings of the homeroom institution. A strong continuity was that teachers view raising persons as the ultimate educational goal and center their educational practices on the building of affective ties modeled after the one between the parent and the child, in order to achieve the goal of raising persons. Practicing a parents heart then becomes an educational imperative, by which students are viewed as ones children to be cared for with jeong. This familial model is most strongly applied within the boundary of a homeroom class, as manifest in family metaphors employed by teachers. One remarkable change was that compared to the early 1990s, when a homeroom functioned as a collective unit for educational achievements, in the early 2010s, a homeroom has come to be positioned more as an affective community for sociability

    North Korean Refugees' Emotionality and Its Social Implications: A Perspective from Cultural Psychology

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜(2003. 5. 8~5. 9)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํƒˆ๋ถ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒˆ๋ถ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํƒˆ๋ถ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ณ ์ €๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ฐ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋„, ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ง์„ค์ "์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ"์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํƒˆ๋ถ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ฑ์ด ํƒˆ๋ถ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. This paper examines a psychological and behavioral characteristic of North Korean refugees living in South Korea and its implications for their social adjustment in the South. South Koreans working closely with refugees from the North commonly point out marked emotionality among them, while new comers complain of difficulties in social communication with existing residents. North Korean refugees themselves acknowledge their emotional style as different from the dominant one in the South Korean society. They assume strong emotional ties among themselves, and are critical of South Koreans being emotionally "superficial." On the contrary, South Korean residents often view them as violent, unpredictable, and unruly. It appears that these two groups of people subscribe to different cultural models of emotion and person. This has a serious implication for both the adjustment of refugees in the South and social integration between the two Koreas in the future. This paper, based on interview and participant observation, presents an ethnographic account of the refugees' emotionality, e.g., in what context it is observed, how it is perceived, and how it affects their social life. Further, it points to the different historical trajectories of the two Koreas-one based on a capitalist and the other a socialist economy-as a source of the development of different cultural models of emotion. In so doing, it attempts a possible theoretical formulation that links the intensity of emotional experience, the degree of public display of emotion and structural features of the society at the macro-level, particularly class system.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2002๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ(KRF-2002-073-BM2004)

    Study on Qualification in Service Industry(III): Focused on Personal Service

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‚ฐ์—… ์ค‘ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•˜์œ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ž๊ฒฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์–‘์„ฑ, ๊ณ ์šฉ, ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฒฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹ ์„ค ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฒฉ(์•ˆ)์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ , ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋„์ถœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ, ์‹คํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋“ฑ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.This research aims to suggest a solution for the issue raised out of an existing qualification through the comprehensive analysis on the current state in qualification of personal service amid service industry, and thus to develop the newly-demanded qualification in personal service. To attain these goals, the significance, the current state of personal service and its VET have been examined along with an analysis of qualification''s utilization and proposition of drawback, solution, etc., based on the results of research. For the foreign personal service qualification and current state of occupation, those of Japan, France, Germany, Britain and the US were researched and analyzed in comparison with the domestic. The examination for the suitability of a newly-developed qualification was proceeded following the preparation of the criteria and course for its selection to create the demand for it. The further study was offered along with the cultivation of business and the measure related to the qualification system and job creation. The methodology utilized was literature analysis, professions council, survey ,interview, etc. For its current state, there are about 239 of personal service qualifications with private qualification of more than 70% among them. In this study the portions of service provision and production with management for the personal service qualifications of 239 were compared, while a personal service was prescribed to be ''a job creating profits by satisfying the customer''s demand with individual provision of service''. Among them, the qualifications with higher portion in service-related job were chosen for the examination study. In case of private qualifications, 84 of them were chosen at last for the examination on the preferential basis of repetitions in job specifications between them. For the utilization of personal service qualification, that of hotel manager(3.70), hotel servant(3.61), tour guide-interpreter(3.66), etc. was appeared to be relatively high among the national qualifications in its governing law, while that of race official(2.86) was low. The utilization in qualification of craftsman such as cook, blowfish(4.0), industrial engineer such as cook, blowfish(3.98), industrial engineer, Chinese food(3.97), patissier(3.94), jeweller(3.94), craftsman in gas(3.87), industrial engineer in boiler(3.84), etc. was upheld among the national technical qualifications. Especially, all the qualifications in the fields of accommodation and restaurant scored the high degree of application above the level of 3.5. By and large the degree of utilization of national technical qualification in personal service was above 3.0, higher than the private qualification. Among the private qualifications, the utilization was presented to be high in the order of a barista(3.82), funeral manager(3.74), shoe fitter(3.66), pet groomer(3.56), etc. The qualification such as international naming consultant(2.97) or dowser(2.98) was in lower use. For drawbacks and corrective measures for them in personal service qualification, it was founded that a lack of demand in the industrial field and specialization begat the lower the degree of utilization as a drawback at large. Wholesalers, retailers, accommodations and restaurants lacked specialization, while arts, sports, and leisure services lacked a legal basis. Associations, groups, repairs and other miscellaneous personal services were questioned for the absence of systematic and transnational qualification. As the biggest issue raised was that it was strewn with difficulties in the job performance despite the acquisition of qualification in case of a national qualification in personal service, there were numerous voices for the improvement in examination methods and strengthened courses of training as possible solutions. For the private qualification, a lack of utilization and profession of qualification was mainly pointed out for ambiguity of job boundary and its detail as well as absence of systematic education. For corrective measures, it was suggested that the higher quality assurance and profession of qualification needed to be ensured from tightening the evaluation of the agency in charge of examination and management of a qualification. The criteria for development of new personal service qualification was determined to be the degree of demand for service, profession, need for recognition of competency, job availability, etc. There are 15 newly developed qualifications in jobs such as temple food specialist, catering service, carver, industrial engineer in beverage management, eco-friendly golf course manager, shoe fitter, etc. Although the national qualification showed higher degree of utilization than that of the private in labor market, appropriate examination is inevitable for the relevant assignment in development of new national qualifications as it means a greater burden with social cost incurred for the government to nationalize all the necessary qualifications. It was found that most of personal service workers prefers the national and national technical qualifications with a particular favor of certified private qualification in the fields such as arts, sports and leisure services. Apparently the private qualification should be basically designed and managed by the lead of concerned association or group, while its maintenance is continued by the registration as a private qualification under the supervision of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. If necessary, the objectivity and reliability as much as the level of national qualification can be obtained between the qualification holder and consumer by the concerned department preparing the related authorization procedures of for the certified private qualification. Among the 15 qualifications โ€˜craftsman motor vehicles maintenanceโ€™ and โ€˜craftsman motor cycles maintenanceโ€™ were found appropriate to be national qualifications as a result of collection views from researchers and professionals in qualification for the type of newly-developed personal service qualifications based on the criteria of selection for national qualification. The mid-long term measures deducted are the enhancement of profession in cultivation and qualification system, establishment of support system, organization and management of funding for cultivation and support, etc. Firstly the measure of enhancement of profession in cultivation and qualification system is comprised of NCS development, recognition of curriculum and qualification of specialized education and training, criteria development for evaluation of qualification management, amelioration and linkage to employment of existing qualification, measure recognizing sole proprietor''s personal service, etc. The measure of establishment of support system deals with review of its project and legislation, regularization of council for employment and qualification, composition and management of sector council, and establishment and management of platform agency. Also the measure of organization and management of funding for cultivation and support suggested to support education and training as well as reeducation of small business, project for organizing supportive funding, building up and utilization of the online community. The further studies were suggested in three fields- comprehensive planning, implementation of research project and quality assurance. Firstly the comprehensive planning study for the departmental integration of government, research on the current state and measure of enhancing competitiveness were suggested for the detailed research. For the research project, the study was suggested in development of job specification and NCS, composition of professional qualification and supportive research, establishment and management of qualification, evaluation of performance and drawback, job specification and qualification in amalgamating fields, establishment of sector council, etc. The detailed study in quality assurance was proposed in the research on the evaluation and recognition system of training and qualification, establishment of performance management system related to cultivation, qualification and employment, infra-structure for the enhancement of profession, etc.์š”์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก _1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•8 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ16 ์ œ2์žฅ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ_33 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์ง•35 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ39 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ44 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ53 ์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ77 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 93 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ_97 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ99 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„108 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ139 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 149 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ตญ์™ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ_153 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ155 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ166 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ184 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ203 ์ œ5์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ214 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 224 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‹ ์„ค ์ˆ˜์š”_229 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ ์„ค์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ231 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ์ ˆ์ฐจ235 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ์ž๊ฒฉ(์•ˆ)์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ242 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 250 ์ œ6์žฅ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ์–ธ_253 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 255 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ258 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ์–ธ269 SUMMARY_275 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ_281 ๋ถ€ ๋ก_289 [๋ถ€๋ก 1] ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜(ํ•œ๊ตญํ‘œ์ค€์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€)291 [๋ถ€๋ก 2] ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์ข…๋ณ„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€295 [๋ถ€๋ก 3] ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ ์„ค(์•ˆ) - ์ด 15๊ฐœ32

    The Maternal Side of the North Korean Family State : The Case of the Medical Care Sector

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ ์ „์„ ๋™์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์ฐฉ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์› ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ์ง€์นจ์ด์ž ๋Œ€์ค‘๋™์›์ฒด์ œ์ธ ์ •์„ฑ์šด๋™์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํƒœ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์ฐฉ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ด๋ก ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ์ฐฉ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€ํ‰ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘”๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์ฐฉ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์ธ ์œก์นœ์  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ํ† ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ”, ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊น€์ •์ผ์˜ ์ €์ž‘, ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์„ ์ „์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์• ์ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์—ญ๋™์ด ์ •์น˜ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ ์ „์„ ๋™์—์„œ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์  ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์ด ๊ณง ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋‹น์˜ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์„ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹น์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ€-์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์œ ๊ต์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์˜ˆ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.While the North Korean family state has been largely accounted for in terms of the patrilineal and patriarchal principles of Confucianism, this article argues for the maternal side of the North Korean family state, by examining familial metaphors employed in the propaganda efforts in the medical care sector. Maternal love and care is figured centrally in the familial metaphors in the three sites of propaganda efforts examined in this article: writings of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, model cases reported on Rodong Sinmun, and a propaganda film. A case in point is the popular campaign of the medical care sector, called devotion movement. The campaign illustrates that the primordial attachment and psychodynamics nurtured in the mother-child dyad is appropriated for the loyalty to the Party, by way of care narratives that profusely utilize certain cultural categories of affect closely related to mothering. This well resonates with the fact that the Party is called the Mother in North Korea, the medical care workers being Her warriors

    "Junior Highs Are Crazy": The American Ethnopsychology of Early Adolescence

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏผ์†์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ (ethnopsychological) ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ •์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ, ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์†์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ(folk model)์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ž์•„์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์†์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋จ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด Lutz 1983). ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์†์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏผ์†์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์† ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์† ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์–ธ์–ด์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด, ๋ฏผ์† ์ด๋ก  ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ† ์ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ œ๋“ค(propositions)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง„์ˆ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(DAndrade 1995: 172; Strauss 1990: 314), ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์€์œ  ํ’์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์„์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์œ ์ถ”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์† ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์–ดํ™”๋œ, ํ† ์ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ก ํ™”์— ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์† ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ก  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฏผ์† ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ‰ํ•ด ์„œ๊ตฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. This paper examines the American cultural construction of emotions and its influences on the socialization of early adolescents. It is based on 12 months of ethnographic field research in a public junior high school in the Midwest, U. S. A child, according to the American cultural model of human development, goes through a series of distinctive stages as it matures, each stage being characterized by certain developmental features. With the stage model, early adolescence is readily conceptualized as a unique life phase, when the most observable and dramatic events of sexual maturation occur. The American educators associated early adolescence with a remarkably vulnerable emotional state, and explained the high emotionality in psychophysiological terms ("hormones"). They conceived a major developmental difficulty of early adolescence as being too "emotional" or "irrational", lacking rationality ("brains on vacation"). An urgent educational task was then to help early adolescents develop rational control over their emotions. Students were guided to verbalize and detach themselves from their emotions, especially when they experienced socially negative emotions, such as anger. This educational task was challenging, I contend, not so much because of the emotionality of early adolescents as the American cultural emphasis on emotion control

    ๋ฃจ์‹œ ๋งค๋•์Šค ํŽธ, ใ€Ž๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œใ€ ๊น€์„ฑ๊ณค ์™ธ ์˜ฎ๊น€(์„œ์šธ๋Œ€์ถœํŒ๋ถ€, 2006)

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    ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ํŽธ์ €๋กœ์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ 17๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ธํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋„ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ธ€๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ธ€์˜ ๋ง๋ฏธ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผํ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ค๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ธํŠธ์ด๋‹ˆ๋งŒํผ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์ˆ™๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๊ทผํžˆ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋จน์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ณผ์ž๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง›์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ธํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ž ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ค์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋”์šฑ ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์•Œ์ฐจ๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ธํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ…์˜ ์›์ œ(Locating American Studies: The Evolution of a Discipline)๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™์ด ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฎ๊ธด์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ถ™์ธ ์ œ๋ชฉ(๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ)์€ ์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ ์ œ๋ชฉ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์  ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    [์ด์Šˆ ๋ถ„์„] ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐœ๊ตด๊ณผ ์šด์˜

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    โ… . ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ โ…ก. ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ โ…ข. ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ โ…ฃ. ๊ตญ์™ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ โ…ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‹ ์„ค ์ˆ˜์š” 1. ์‹ ์„ค ์ˆ˜์š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ 2. ์‹ ์„ค ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ…ฅ. ์ œ

    Study on Qualification in Service Industry(III): Compilation of 3 Years Research Papers (2010~2012)

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‚ฐ์—… ์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…_1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”3 2. ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ4 3. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ4 4. ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ9 ์ œ2์žฅ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…_11 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”13 2. ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ14 3. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ14 4. ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ19 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…_21 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”23 2. ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ24 3. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ25 4. ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ์–ธ29 ์ œ4์žฅ 3๊ฐœ๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ_41 1. ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‚ฐ์—… ์—…์ข…๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์„ฑ43 2. ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ45 3. ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ๋ฐ ์‹ ์„ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ49 4. ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ57 ๋ถ€ ๋ก_61 <๋ถ€๋ก 1> ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ ์„ค(์•ˆ)63 <๋ถ€๋ก 2> ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ ์„ค(์•ˆ) - ์ด 28๊ฐœ65 <๋ถ€๋ก 3> ๊ฐœ์ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ ์„ค(์•ˆ) - ์ด 15๊ฐœ9

    [์ด์Šˆ๋ถ„์„] ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ง๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ‘œ์ค€(NCS) ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต

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    โ… . NCS์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 1. NCS์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ์ •๊ณผ์ œ ๋™ํ–ฅ 2. ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ NCS ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ โ…ก. NCS ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์Šˆ 1. NCS ์ถ”์ง„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€. NCS ์ถ”์ง„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋‚˜. NCS ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ 2. NCS ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์Šˆ โ…ข. NCS ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต 1. NCS ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ œ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ œ 1. NCS ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ œ 2. NCS ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ถ”์ง„ 2-1. NQF ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ง„ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 2-2. NCS์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ-๊ณผ์ •์ด์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„ 2-3. ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ง๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์šด์˜ 2. ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต 1. NCS ๋ฐ NCS ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”์ง„๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑยท์šด์˜ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต 2. NCS ๋ฐ NCS ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋“ˆ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์•ˆ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ยท์šด์˜ 2-1. ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ํ˜‘์—… ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ณต๋™ ํŽ€๋“œ ์กฐ์„ฑยท์šด์˜ 2-2. NCS ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํ™•์‚ฐยท๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 2-3. ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์œ ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜, ๊ธฐ์—…, ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ
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