(The) relationship of nursing practice and health status in the operating room nurses.

간호학교육전공/석사[한글] 수술시 간호사의 업무와 건강상태 본 연구는 수술실 간호사가 수행하고 있는 수술간호업무 및 업무시간을 분석하고 수술실 간호사가 지각하는 건강상태를 조사하여 건강상태와 수술간호업무와의 관계를 알아봄으로써 수술실 간호인력의 적절한 업무배치와 효율적인 건강관리를 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상은 서울시와 경기도에 위치한 3개 대학 부속병원 수술실에 근무하는 낮번의 수술실 간호사 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구는 서문자(1076), 전혜련(1983), 윤선옥(1999)의 수술간호행위를 수정 보완 한 것으로 수술간호업무는 사정 및 평가 업무영역 4문항, 기술적 업무 영역 14문항, 감독 및 감시 업무영역 1문항으로 구성된 31개 수술간호행위를 분석하였으며, 건강상태 조사는 Ware & Sherboune(1992)에 의해 개발된 SF-36을 사용하였다. 통계적 방법에는 실수와 백분율, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation이 사용되었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수술간호업무는 일 평균 업무시간이 501.49분이었으며, 사정 및 평가업무는 25.54%(128.10분), 기술적 업무는 54.58%(273.70분), 감독 및 감시 업무가 1.07%(5.37분), 환자준비 업무가 4.96(24.80분), 정돈 및 관리 업무가 8.32%(41.70분), 기타업무가 5.54%(27.80분)로 분석되었다. 2. 일반적 특성에 따른 수술간호업무영역을 비교하였을 때, 연령별로는 기술적 업무영역과 총업무 시간에서 유의한 차이를 보였는데 25-30세의 간호사가 21-40세의 간호사보다 더 많은 업무 시간을 담당하는 것으로 나타났다. 최종학력에서는 총 업무시간에서만 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.01). 전문대 졸업간호사의 총업무 시간은 평균 537.20분, 간호대학 졸업간호사는 평균 483.89분, 대학원이상인 간호사는 평균 481.00분으로 전문대 졸업 간호사의 총 업무시간이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 수술실 간호사의 건강상태는 항목별 평균 전반적 건강지각은 44.83점, 신체적 기능 76.50점, 신체적 건강문제로 인한 역할제한 58.75점, 정서적 건강문제로 인한 역할제한 58.75점, 사회적 기능 62.92점, 신체적 통증 61.11점, 활력 40.50점, 정신건강 56.70점으로 조사되었다. 4. 일반적 특성에 따른 건강상태는 연령과 경력에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 연령은 31-40세의 간호사가 25-30세의 간호사보다 높은 건강상태를 보였는데 신체적 기능, 정서적 건강문제로 인한 역할제한, 신체적 통증영역에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 경력은 신체적 기능과 사회적 기능에서 유의한 차이를 보였는데 5-10년 경력일 ��의 건강수준이 낮게 조사되었다. 5. 수술간호업무와 건강상태와의 관계에서 환자준비업무는 신체적 통증영역에서 유의한 관계를 보였고(r=.375), 정돈 및 관리업무는 일반건강(r=.370), 신체적 건강문제로 인한 역할제한(r=.422), 정서적 건강문제로 인한 역할제한(r=.374)에서 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 기타업무에서는 활력과 음의 상관관계를 보엿다(r=-.455). 이상의 연구결과를 통해 수술간호업무 영역별 활동시간이 수술실 간호사의 건강상태와의 관계에서 영향 요인으로 나타나지는 않았다. 그러나 불규칙한 식사시간과 수술 진행 상황에 따라 장시간의 고정된 자세와 긴장상태를 유지해야 하는 업무 특성을 가진 수술실 간호사의 건강상태는 다른 근로자들의 건강상태보가 낮은 수준으로 조사되었다. 이에 수술실 간호사의 건강상태에 영향을 주는 요인으로 업무영역별 활동시간만이 아니라 업무의 특성을 포함한 다각적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 핵심되는 말: 수술간호업무, 건강상태 [영문] This study was conducted in order to determine the relation between perioperative nursing practices and the health status of operative room nurses, and to subsequently use these findings to work out an efficient way of distributing duties and maintaining good health at the same time. A total of 30 perioperative nurses on day-shifts at three university hospital ORs located in Seoul or the Kyunggi-do province, participated in this research. The research tool employed was an adapted version of Seo Mun-ja (1976), Jeon Hye-ryun (1983), and Yoon Sun-ok(1999)'s Conduct of Perioperative Nurses. The activities of perioperative nurses included conduct in 31 areas, including the following: 4 categories in the assessment & evaluation activity domain, 14 categories in the technical activity domain, 2 categories in the supervision & overseeing activity domain, 6 categories in the patient preparation activity domain. 4 categories in the housekeeping & management activity domain, and 1 category in the other activities domain. Research into the nurses' health status was conducted using the SF-36 developed by Ware & Sherboune (1992), and the following statistical methods were used: real numbers and percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of the research are as follows: 1. The daily average of Perioperative Nursing Practice time was 501.49minutes, with times for each domain as follows: assessment & evaluation activity domain 25.54%(128.10mins), technical activity domain 54.58%(273.70mins), supervision & overseeing activity domain 1.07%(5.37mins), patient preparation activity domain 4.96%(24.80mins), housekeeping & management activity domain 8.32%(41.70mins), other activity domain 5.54%(27.80mins). 2. Comparisons of the different domains of perioperative nursing practice according to general characteristics showed a significant difference depending on age, especially in the technical activity domain and in the overall time spent on the practice. Nurses between the ages 25-30 worked longer hours than those between the ages 31-40, according to the results. Academic background also contributed to a significant different, but only in overall practice time(P<0.01). The average working time of junior college graduates was 537.2mins, that of nursing college graduates 483.89mins, and that of postgraduates and above 481mins, showing that nurses who had graduated from junior college were working much longer hours. 3. The health status of perioperative nurses, according to each criteria were as follows: General health 44.83points, Physical functioning 76.50points, Role limitation due to physical health problems 58.75points, Role limitation due to emotional health problems 58.75points, Social functioning 62.92points, Bodily pain 61.11points, Vitality 40.50points, General mental health 56.70points. 4. Health status according to general characteristics showed significance in age and career experience. Nurses of ages 31-40 were healthier and fitter than those between the ages 25-30, and a significant different was seen especially in physical functioning, Role limitation due to emotional health problems, and Bodily pain. On the other hand, career experience led to significant differences in Physical functioning and social functioning, with nurses with 5 to 10 years' experience having the lowest level of health status. 5. As for the relationship between perioperative nursing practice and the health status of nurses, the patient Preparation Activity Domain and Bodily pain showed significant correlation(r=.375). The Housekeeping & Management Activity Domain showed positive significance in relation to General health(r=.370), Role Limitation due to Physical Health Problems(r=.422), and Limitation due to Emotional Health Problems(r=.374), while the Other Activities Domain and Vitality showed negative correlation(r=-.455). The results stated did not imply a relation between perioperative nursing practice times of each domain and the heath status of nurses. However because of the working conditions of perioperative nurses, with irregular mealtimes and long stressful hours spent in fixed positions, their health status was found to be lower than those of other workers. There is therefore a need to conduct a multi-level research in which not just time, but other charactereristical factors and their effects are considered.ope

JAPANESE NATIONAL POWER AND THE PEACE CONSTITUTION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: THE DISPUTE ABOUT THE PEACE CONSTITUTION AND ITS POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS

The current Japanese constitution, which came into force at the end of the World War Ⅱ, has been called "Peace Constitution" on account of the following peculiar phrases in chapter Ⅱ of the constitution: "the renouncement of war, of war potential, of belligerency." Such phrases have never been seen in any other constitution in the world. Conservative politicians in Japan who have tried to take leadership for the 21st century have consistently advocated and insisted on a revision of their constitution, because Japan"s military power level has not caught up with its economic affluence. Until now, Japan"s military power could not easily be developed or increased, nor could Japan offer any contributions internationally to help a nation which has needed military support from Japan, because of the present peace constitutional system. There are three main parts to this paper. The first part deals with the historical formation(procedure) of the Peace Constitution. The second part delineates the dispute between those who support and those who oppose the constitution. Lastly, the conclusion finds a renewed function for the Peace Constitution in Japan. If the constitution is changed, the Japanese government will lose three important instuments from that time in Japan. First, the symbol of peaceful nation and the effects of having a peace clause in the Japanese constitution will cease to exist. Second, Japan will lose a key rationale for its identity as a loser which was formed by allied powers after World War Ⅱ and which has been utilized by Japanese politicians to curb excessive demands made by powerful nations in contemporary international relations. Lastly, Japan"s ruling party will no longer have the constitutional mechanism which has been operating to urge to unificate the Japanese people with emotion of nationality during times of difficulty in Japanese politics. In conclusion, the Peace Constitution of Japan is a kind of potential, invisible and incalculable factor for Japan"s national power. Even if the dispute over the constitution will be actuallized by politicians sometime in the future, of course, intermittently, the Peace Constitution as a potential element of national power will be not changed for the time being