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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ทœ.Gravitational forces can impose physical stresses on the human body as it functions to maintain homeostasis. It has been reported that astronauts exposed to microgravity experience altered biological functions and many subsequent studies on the effects of microgravity have therefore been conducted. Many studies are being conducted using Clinostat, a system that provides an environment that simulates microgravity on Earth. However, the mechanisms of various cytological changes in simulated microgravity is still unclear. So, this study observed changes in human Hodgkins lymphoma (HL) cells using 3D clinostat, which provides a time-averaged simulated microgravity (taSMG). It was observed that the cell growth of HL cells was inhibited when cultured in taSMG for 3 days, whereas it did not affect normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. And then, to confirm that taSMG has anticancer effects, HL cells were exposed to taSMG for 2 days. While reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH oxidase family gene expression were increased, mitochondrial mass, ATPase, ATP synthase, and intracellular ATP levels were decreased. Furthermore, human HL cells exposed to taSMG underwent autophagy via AMPK/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathway modulation; such autophagy was inhibited by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). As space travel or more advanced methods of simulating microgravity on Earth have been developed, these findings suggest that it is valuable as a new treatment for HL instead of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.์ค‘๋ ฅ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์Šคํƒฏ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„-ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ(taSMG)์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 3D clinostat์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์ง€ํ‚จ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ์ง€ํ‚จ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์ด 3์ผ๋™์•ˆ taSMG์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋  ๋•Œ ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ •์ƒ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ”ผ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ taSMG๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์•” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, 2์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์ง€ํ‚จ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ taSMG์— ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…(ROS) ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ NADPH ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ATP ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ, ATP ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ATP ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, taSMG์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์ง€ํ‚จ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ์„ธํฌ๋Š” AMPK/AKT/mTOR ๋ฐ MAPK ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ ; ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์€ ROS ์Šค์บ๋นˆ์ €์ธ N-์•„์„ธํ‹ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ(NAC)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธ์ง€ํ‚จ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.Introduction 1 Materials and methods 6 Results 12 Figures 20 Discussion 51 Conclusion 56 References 59 Abstract in Korean 70Docto

    The Effect of Learning Strategies on Academic Achivement: A Meta-Analysis based on Learnerโ€™s Characteristics and Intervention Conditions

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