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    ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„(ํƒ์•„)์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ™”

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 'ํƒ์•„'๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  '๊ณต๋™ ์œก์•„'๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅ  ์ผ๋‹ค. ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” 1990 ๋…„ 8 ์›” ใ€ˆํƒ์•„์ œ๋„์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์–‘์œก์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„ใ€‰์ด ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ํšŒ์—์„œ 'ํƒ์•„(์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธด๋‹ค)'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌผํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์–˜์„œ๋Š” ์ œ 2 ์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ํ›„ ๊ตฐ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ '์ „์‹œํƒ์•„์†Œ'๊ฐ€ ์„ฑํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜ ํ†ต์ œ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ 'ํƒ์•„' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๋ณด์œก'์ด๋ž€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅ  ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๏ผŒ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์—์„œ๋Š” '๋ณด์œก', '๋ณด์œก์›'์ด๋ž€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์น˜ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ์ด ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นš์–ด ๋‚ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์™€์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •, ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…, ์žฌ์ •์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ, ์œก์•„์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„์ œ๋„๋ž€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•(๋ง, ๋ชธ์ง“, ์‹์„ฑ, ๋Š๋‚Œ, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋“ฑ)์„ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ์ตํžˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œจ ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ „์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค(์ •๋ณ‘ํ˜ธ 1991). ์ฆ‰ ๊ณต๋™์œก์•„์‹œ์„ค์€ ๊ณต์‹์  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํš์ผ์  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ†ต์ œ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์—๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ํ•ญ์‹œ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ณด์œก์›์—์„œ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์ƒํ™œ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ทธ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์–ด ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    Illusion and Maladaptation of the North Korean Refugees: The Influence of the Confusions in Perception by the South Korean Society

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” 2003๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™ํšŒ/ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™ํšŒ ๊ณต๋™ ์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์›€,"ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž, ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ์ „๋ง์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‚จํ•œ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋‚จํ•œ ๋‚ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  โ€ข ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Œ€์‘์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํžˆ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ ์‘์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚จ๋ถ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์  ์ฐจ์ด, ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ก ์  ์ฐจ์ด ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ฃผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ทœ๋ช…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ, ๋ƒ‰์ „์  ๋Œ€์น˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „ ๋“ฑ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚จํ•œ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ œ๋„์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์ ˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ •์„ธ์™€ ๋‚จ๋ถ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ๋ถ์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ ๊ทœ์ •์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚จํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค๊ฐ„์—๋„ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ค‘์ธต์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ฐฉ์˜ค์  ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ์šฐ์„ ์  ๊ทœ๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ธ์‹ํ˜ผ๋ž€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ, ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. This paper looks at the effects of the changes in the perception of the North Korean refugees by the South Korean society, and the differences in perceptions among different social groups. It also examines their effects on the North Korean refugees' adaptation to the South Korean Society, and the problems in government policy. The difficulties the North Korean refugees face in adapting to the South Korean society have often been explained in terms of the grand differences between the socialist and capitalist cultures. Instead, this paper focuses on the changes and conflicts in the logics of the South Korean society. Civil war and separation, cold war, and the post cold war periods have each formed particular political conceptualizations and social perceptions of the North Korean refugees in the South, which in turn have instigated concomitant political reactions. These factors have all been constituting the social environments for the North Korean refugees. The international political atmosphere and the South-North relations have changed dramatically, but the conceptualization of the refugees has not gone through a fundamental change due to the rivalry between the two countries. The perceptions of, and also the interests in, the North Korean refugees have also varied among social groups in South Korea due to the discrepancies in their views on the issues of separation and unification As the North Korean refugees are staring to form a considerable minority group in South Korea, the outdated perceptions and instrumental reactions of the South Korean society should be examined closely.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2001 ๋…„๋„ ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

    Cultural Resistance and Educational Alternatives: The Reproduction of Ethnic Identity in the North Korean Schools in Japan

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” 2003๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™ํšŒ ์ „๊ตญ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ-์žฌ์ผ์กฐ์„ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰์ด๋ž€ ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ค‘ํฅ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์ด ๋•…์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋„ ํ™•์‹คํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ๊ตฐ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ž์†์ธ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๊ฒจ๋ ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋œปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰์ „๊ตฌ๋„ ์†์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์˜ ์„ฌ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์‚ด๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ด ๋•…์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚จํ•œ ๋•…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋™ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ๋ป—์ณ ๊ตฌ์›ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํฉ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ ํ†ต์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏผ์กฑ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ธ ์ด๊ณณ,์ฆ‰ ๋‚จํ•œ์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ์  ๊ณต๋™์šด๋ช…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜จ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ํ”๋“ค๋ ธ๋‹ค. ํ•์ค„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ์ฒ™์ด์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ทจ์—… ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ์ง“๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์œ ๋ช…๊ธฐ. 2002). ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ 3-4๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์ผ๋™ํฌ๋“ค์„ ์„œํˆฌ๋ฅธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ชฝ๋ฐœ์ด ์ทจ๊ธ‰์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์š”๊ฑด์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‚จํ•œ์— ์™€์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ ์ถœ์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์ด ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋œ ์—…์‹ ์—ฌ๊น€ ๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(๊น€์œค์˜. 2002; Chung. 2003). ์ถœ์‹ ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์„œ์—ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏผ์กฑํ†ต์ผ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‹น์œ„์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. Korean ethnic schools in Japan, which are run by the 'Chongryun' Koreans who are supportive of North Korean government, were established under the repression of modern Japanese nation-state ideologies which emphasizes the myth of homogeneity. They have been raising their young generation with language, values, and norms distinctively different from the dominant Japanese society. This paper examines their ideological resistance and educational alternatives, and finds the meaning of their educational practices for reproducing Korean ethnic identity. North Korean ethnic schools are not officially certified by the Ministry of Education in Japan. Therefore, the graduations are not recognized, and the parents have to pay tuition for primary and secondary educations which are nationally supported. The curriculum is strikingly different from that of most Japanese schools. This educational practice, which is hard to understand from the common sense viewpoint of modern Japanese society, is conscientiously maintained by a significant portion of the Koreans in Japan. This group, which is thoroughly resistant to the dominant logic of Japanese society, is producing and reproducing an ethnic minority culture through their educational practice. The harsher the repression and discrimination of the overwhelming majority, and the heavier the pressure for unilateral assimilation, the stronger the resistance of this minority group becomes, even up to the point of extreme separatism. Through an ethnographic study on the practices of North Korean schools in Japan, the distinctive reproduction process of ethnic identities and the boundaries as a minority group is examined. From this case study at the border, the questions to the contemporary Korean identity which often does not distinguish the 'national' and the 'ethnic' identity are raised. Since Koreans are the majority in two separated nation-states and they are the minority in four powerful nations(China, USA, Japan, and Russia), the ideology of homogeneous nation-state creates fundamental problems. As the walls of the cold-war are lowered, Koreans divided by national and ideological boundaries start to meet. The need for new critical definition of Korean ethnic identities which overcome the limits of the single national identity based on the concept of a homogeneous nation-state is discussed.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2002๋…„๋„ ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์™ธ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    Draft Revision of Protection of Possession

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    A Study on the Subrogation Right of a Creditor and Register of Subrogation

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