The General System Approach to the Family Study

본 논고는 현대 가족 연구의 이론들 중에서 중요하게 부각하고 있는 가족체계모델을 검토해 보고 체계이론화를 시도한 것이다. 먼저 지적 기원을 간단히 살펴보고, 일반체계이론의 개념과 속성이 가족체계에 어떻게 적용되는가를 정리해 보았다. 이에 따라 부분적으로 언급되었던 각 분야에서의 가족현상을 연구한 Bowen, Minuchin, Olson, Kantor & Lehr, L. Constantine의 모델을 간략히 살펴본 다음, 현재 가족연구에 응용된 내용을 검토하였다. 미래 연구를 위해 가족체계론의 공헌과 평가를 해 봄으로써 현대 가족 연구의 이론화에 기여를 하고자 한 것이다. 특히 가족상담 및 치료, 가족문제해결, 가족복지 분야 등에서는 전체론적으로 상황을 볼 수 있는 체계이론을 응용함으로써 매우 유용하게 사용되리라고 본다The purpose of this paper is to theorize family system approach. For family system theory, the origin of general system as well as concepts and charateristics of it was referred to and applied to the family, Family system researchers such as Bowen, Minuchin, Olson, Kantor & Lehr and Costantine have studied family system model in manifold science. So their theories were mentioned briefly. Also the family study result applied to family system approach were commented in mate-selection, parents-child relationships, family violance and family counseling and therapy. Therapy. Through this analysis, it is expected that family system theory is attractive for various arears of family phenomena. Especilly family problem solving, family counseling and family welfare fields will be useful applying this study.The purpose of this paper is to theorize family system approach. For family system theory, the origin of general system as well as concepts and charateristics of it was referred to and applied to the family, Family system researchers such as Bowen, Minuchin, Olson, Kantor & Lehr and Costantine have studied family system model in manifold science. So their theories were mentioned briefly. Also the family study result applied to family system approach were commented in mate-selection, parents-child relationships, family violance and family counseling and therapy. Therapy. Through this analysis, it is expected that family system theory is attractive for various arears of family phenomena. Especilly family problem solving, family counseling and family welfare fields will be useful applying this study

A Study on The Importance and The Factors Influencing Mate Selection

본 연구의 목적은 배우자 선택이 관련되는 요인들과 배우자 선택시의 조건의 중요도를 알아보고자 하였다. 배우자 선택에 관한 연구가 가족학의 기초분야임에도 불구하고 실제 미약한 상태이다. 특히 한국에서는 실제 조사뿐만 아니라 이론 연구도 제대로 진행되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 외국에서 논의되고 있는 이론적 관점들을 크게 사회교환적 모델과 여과론적 모델을 중심으로 구조화 시켜 보았으며, 실제 현상 파악의 기초를 제공하고자 관련요인들을 전반적으로 조사 분석하였다. 그 결과 배우자 선택 현상에서 한국 가족의 정통성이 많이 사라지고 개인주의적으로 진행되고 있었다. 특히 현대 배우자 선택 현상은 내적 특성인 사랑, 건강, 성격, 가치 생활력 등이 중요시 되고있음을 알수 있었다.The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance and the factors influencing mate selection. Theories of mate selection are explained two viewpoints: social exchange model and filter model. The date, collected from 275 the married living Ulsan, is analyzed by statistical methods, such as frequency distribution and X2-test. The Major findings as follows; 1) General factors correlated mate selection; (1) The types of mate selection are love marriage(40.7%), arranged match(25.8%) and lovearranged match(33.5%) (2) The periods of decision making for mate selection are 6months 1year(31.7%) and within 3 months(24.9%) The period of engagement is within 3 months(49.6%). (3) The horoscopic date is less important today. But females are more interesting in it than male significantly. (4) The discrepancy in age is 3-4year. (5) The ratio of premarital sex experience with her(his) partner is 23.6%. 2) Inner factors correlated mate selection; (1) The married were supported by parents and friends on selection and decision making. (2) A favorable impression and attraction influences upon mate selection. Especially personalty attraction and value similarity is important. (3) Love(affection) and sexuality is necessary, but premarital sex needs not to marry. (4) Generally they are openhearted meeting their partners. 3) The importance of mate selection conditions was ordered. The sequences as follows; (1) health, (2) personality, (3) love, (4) living ability, (5) value orientation, (6) a bright future, (7) virginity, (8) growth environment, (9) occupation, (10) education level, (11) approval of parents 4) Subjects offered their opinions to young people. Their opinions as follows; (1) personality, (2) humanity, (3) love, (4) health, (5) living ability, (6) growth environment (7) a bright future must be considered well. Through this study, I can result that the phenomenon of mate selection in changing Korean family has become individualistic. In morden mate selection, internal traits(love, personality, health, value, living ability etc.) is important especially.The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance and the factors influencing mate selection. Theories of mate selection are explained two viewpoints: social exchange model and filter model. The date, collected from 275 the married living Ulsan, is analyzed by statistical methods, such as frequency distribution and X2-test. The Major findings as follows; 1) General factors correlated mate selection; (1) The types of mate selection are love marriage(40.7%), arranged match(25.8%) and lovearranged match(33.5%) (2) The periods of decision making for mate selection are 6months 1year(31.7%) and within 3 months(24.9%) The period of engagement is within 3 months(49.6%). (3) The horoscopic date is less important today. But females are more interesting in it than male significantly. (4) The discrepancy in age is 3-4year. (5) The ratio of premarital sex experience with her(his) partner is 23.6%. 2) Inner factors correlated mate selection; (1) The married were supported by parents and friends on selection and decision making. (2) A favorable impression and attraction influences upon mate selection. Especially personalty attraction and value similarity is important. (3) Love(affection) and sexuality is necessary, but premarital sex needs not to marry. (4) Generally they are openhearted meeting their partners. 3) The importance of mate selection conditions was ordered. The sequences as follows; (1) health, (2) personality, (3) love, (4) living ability, (5) value orientation, (6) a bright future, (7) virginity, (8) growth environment, (9) occupation, (10) education level, (11) approval of parents 4) Subjects offered their opinions to young people. Their opinions as follows; (1) personality, (2) humanity, (3) love, (4) health, (5) living ability, (6) growth environment (7) a bright future must be considered well. Through this study, I can result that the phenomenon of mate selection in changing Korean family has become individualistic. In morden mate selection, internal traits(love, personality, health, value, living ability etc.) is important especially

The Effects of Korean Language Level on Cultural Adaptation Stress of Marriage Migrant Women: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and the Moderating Effect of Discrimination Experience

목적 결혼이주여성의 한국어 수준이 문화적응 스트레스에 미치는 영향 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과 차별경험의 조절효과를검증하는 것이다. 방법 2021년 다문화청소년패널조사 자료를 활용하여 결혼이주여성 2,249명을 연구대상으로 선정하여 SPSS 26.0 프로그램을사용하였다. 이를 통해 기술통계분석을 실시하여 자료의 정규성을 파악하였으며, 상관관계분석을 통해 주요 변수의 연관성을 파악하였으며, 회귀분석을 실시하여 자아존중감의 매개효과와 차별경험의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 결과 첫째, 결혼이주여성의 한국어 수준이 낮을수록 문화적응 스트레스는 높아지고 있다. 둘째, 결혼이주여성의 한국어 수준이 문화적응 스트레스에 미치는 영향 관계에서 자아존중감이 높을수록 문화적응 스트레스가 낮아지는 부분매개효과를 검증하였다. 셋째, 결혼이주여성의 한국어 수준이 문화적응 스트레스에 미치는 영향 관계에서 차별경험이 없을수록 문화적응 스트레스는 완화되는조절효과를 검증하였다. 결론 결혼이주여성들의 문화적응 스트레스를 낮추기 위해서는 한국어 수준과 자아존중감을 높이고 차별경험을 감소시켜야 한다는것을 파악하였으며, 이를 위해 결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스를 감소시킬 수 있는 다양한 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스를 경감할 방안을 제시하였다. Objectives The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and the moderating effect of discrimination experiences in the relationship between the effect of Korean language level on cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women. Methods 2,249 married migrant women were selected as research material using data from the 2021 multicultural youth panel survey. And SPSS 26.0 program was used to analyze the data. Through this, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to determine the normality of data. And, association analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between major variables. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and the moderating effect of discrimination experience. Results First, if the Korean language level of marriage migrant women is low, the cultural adaptation stress increases. Second, a partial mediating effect was verified that cultural adaptation stress is low if self-esteem is high in the relationship between the effect of the Korean level of married immigrant women on cultural adaptation stress. Third, the moderating effect that cultural adaptation stress is alleviated when there is no discrimination experience was verified in the relationship between the effect of the Korean language level of marriage migrant women on cultural adaptation stress. Conclusions This study showed that the Korean language level and self-esteem should be increased and the discrimination experience should be reduced in order to lower the cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women. To this end, various educational programs that can reduce the cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women were developed to suggest ways to reduce the cultural adaptation stress of marriage migrant women

A Study of Development＆ Effect Sex Education Programs for Grade Five and Six Students of Elementary Schools

본 연구는 초등학교 5·6학년을 위한 성교육 프로그램 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 울산시에 소재한 Y초등학교 5·6학년으로 하였다. 프로그램의 실시는 실험집단, 통제집단으로 구분하여 실시하였으며 프로그램의 효과검증을 위해 사전검사와 사후검사를 하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사전-사후 검사지를 통한 통계적 분석 결과 성교육 프로그램을 통해 성지식이 증가하며, 성교육 프로그램을 통해 성태도가 긍정적인 방향으로 변한다. 둘째, 과제지를 통한 질적분석결과 성에 관한 주제로 부모님과 자연스럽게 대화할 수 있었고, 내가 소중한 사람이듯 타인을 소중하게 생각하며, 자신의 신체와 정서적 변화를 스스로 인식하며 성폭력에 관한 사례를 통하여 예방법과 성폭행후 대처방안을 배운다. 셋째, 사후 소감문을 통한 질적 분석결과 성교육프로그램은 아동들의 성지식을 증진 시키고, 성태도를 긍정적인 방향으로 변화 시키며, 교수방법에 따라 교육의 효과가 달라지며, 성폭행을 예방하는 방법을 배우며, 프로그램 개발시 과제지, 소감문 등을 첨가 함으로써 아동들의 동기유발과 교육효과를 높일 수 있다.The purpose of this study is development of sex educaqtion program for the students of year five and six elementary school. The subjects of this study were the students of year five and six of Y elenentary school in ulsan metropolitan city. The program of performance were distince from testing experimental and control group in order to program of effect examinzation had after they were pretested, later they were posttested. The results of the study are summarized. First, The followings are the results from statistical analysis. The students' knowledge about sex increased through sex education. they obtained positive attitude of sex through sex education. Second, From the tasks results it is found that the students showed their understanding themes presented in each class. Especially, the tasks were useful for them to do the following. they could talk with their parents about sex freely. they learned to value others as they value themselves. They learned how to protect themselves from sexual violence and how to act if they were victims of sexual violence. Third, From the results of impressions they wrote, it can be said that they were mostly satisfied with this program. Specifically speaking, the program increased the students' the knowledge of sex and changed their attitudes about sex in positive ways. The effects of education was depended on teaching methods. they learned how to prevent sex violence. Fourth, the tasks and writing impressions helped them to keep their motivation.The purpose of this study is development of sex educaqtion program for the students of year five and six elementary school. The subjects of this study were the students of year five and six of Y elenentary school in ulsan metropolitan city. The program of performance were distince from testing experimental and control group in order to program of effect examinzation had after they were pretested, later they were posttested. The results of the study are summarized. First, The followings are the results from statistical analysis. The students' knowledge about sex increased through sex education. they obtained positive attitude of sex through sex education. Second, From the tasks results it is found that the students showed their understanding themes presented in each class. Especially, the tasks were useful for them to do the following. they could talk with their parents about sex freely. they learned to value others as they value themselves. They learned how to protect themselves from sexual violence and how to act if they were victims of sexual violence. Third, From the results of impressions they wrote, it can be said that they were mostly satisfied with this program. Specifically speaking, the program increased the students' the knowledge of sex and changed their attitudes about sex in positive ways. The effects of education was depended on teaching methods. they learned how to prevent sex violence. Fourth, the tasks and writing impressions helped them to keep their motivation

Analysis of Origin and Procreation of Family Resilience through Shin-SaimDang’s Life History

본 연구는 신사임당의 생애에 나타난 가족 레질리언스를 분석하여 사임당의 가정환경과 가족관계, 자녀교육 방법이 현재 우리나라가처해 있는 가족해체 상황에서 벗어나 건강한 가정 만들기와 좋은 부모가 되기 위한 교육의 지표를 삼고자 하는 질적 연구이다. 신사임당의 생애와 평가에 관련된 문헌자료를 수집, 분석하여 생애를 구성하였다. 이를 바탕으로 신사임당의 생애에 나타난 가족 사건을 성장기와결혼 이후로 나누어 각각의 시기에 발현된 가족 레질리언스를 추출하여 F. Walsh의 가족 레질리언스 이론의 세 가지 핵심요인(신념체계, 조직유형, 의사소통 과정)으로 분석하였다. 가족의 신념 체계 중 ‘역경에 대한 의미 부여’에서 어머니 이씨 부인의 역경을 대하는 자세와역경을 극복하는 긍정적인 시각은 사임당에게 전수되어 결혼 후 닥친 어려움을 아름다운 예술작품으로 승화시키는 결과로 나타났다. ‘초월과 영성’에서 아버지 신명화의 불의에 타협하지 않고 의로움을 추구하는 정신은 사임당에 이어 아들 율곡에게 계승되어 율곡 또한신의에 투철한 선비의 삶을 살도록 하였다. 조직유형에서는 원가족의 사회경제적 자원이 풍부하였고 결혼 후에 시어머니와 남편은 사임당의 예술 활동 지원자 역할을 하였다. 원가족의 가족 의사소통 패턴은 민주적이고 양성 평등하게 이루어졌으며 결혼 후 시어머니, 남편과의 의사소통도 원활하였고 자녀들에게 스스로 모범을 보임으로써 자녀들이 본 받도록하였다. 원가족에서 경험한 부모의 양육형태는자신의 자녀를 양육하는데 중요한 요소가 되며 건강한 원가족에서 성장한 개인은 성인이 되어서도 건강한 정서 상태를 유지할 수 있다. 사임당의 생애에는 현대에서의 한 부모 가정, 조손 가정, 직장으로 인한 별거 가정, 맞벌이 가정 등과 유사한 가족생활 형태가 나타난다. 하지만 긍정적인 원가족 경험, 평등하고 민주적인 관계와 가족의 힘으로 작동하는 가족 레질리언스의 특성이 존재함으로써 오늘날 우리에게 건강한 가정과 좋은 부모의 모델을 보여주고 있다. This qualitative study was conducted in order to explore family resilience through Shin Saimdang’s life history and investigate her home environment and family relationships, and to examine child education methods that can be used in our present time. This study collected and analyzed literature materials related to Shin Saimdang’s life history and evaluation in order to organize her life. Dividing family life events in Shin Saimdang’s life history into the period of growth and period after marriage, this study extracted the family resilience revealed in each period and analyzed it with three key factors (belief systems, organizational patterns, and communication processes) in F. Walsh’s family resilience theory. In “Giving meaning to adversity” of the family belief systems, her mother, Mrs. Lee’s attitude towards adversity and positive perspective on overcoming adversity were handed down to Shin Saimdang, which resulted in the sublimation of difficulties encountered after marriage. In “Transcendence and spirituality,” her father Shin Myeonghwa’s spirit of pursuing righteousness without compromising with injustice was transferred to her son, Yulgok, in addition to Shin Saimdang, allowing him to live a life of a faithful scholar as well. In organizational patterns, there were abundant socio-economic resources in the family of origin, and her mother-in-law and husband played the role of supporters of Shin Saimdang’s artistic activities after her marriage. The communication patterns of the family of origin were democratic and gender-equal, and after marriage, her communication with her mother-in-law and husband was also smooth, and nonverbal communication with children was also effective, which became a driving force for children to show their talents and live a happy life. In Shin Saimdang’s life, family lifestyles similar to those in the present age appear, such as single-parent families, grandparent families, separate families due to work, dual-income families, etc. However, the presence of the characteristics of family resilience that operates through equal and democratic relations and the strength of family shows a model of a healthy family to us

Personality Type Analysis by Lee Jung-Seob, an Artist who sublimated Family Love to Art - Focused on the MBTI Theory -

본 연구는 비운의 천재 화가이며 가족 사랑을 예술로 승화시킨 화가 이중섭의 예술세계에 대한 심층적 이해를 돕기 위해 이중섭의 생애를 MBTI 이론 관점으로 분석하여 그의 성격유형을 알아보고, 성격유형이 성장과 발달에 미친 영향이 무엇인지 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 본 연구는 최열의 “이중섭 평전”과 “이중섭 편지”를 중심으로 분석하여 이중섭의 성격유형에 대해 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 그의 성격유형은 조용하고 과묵하며, 마음이 따뜻하고 이상을 추구하는 INFP 유형이다. 둘째, 주기능은 내향적 감정(Fi)이고, 부기능은 외향적 직관(Ne)으로 사랑과 예술은 하나라는 신념을 가지고 예술 활동을 하였다. 가족과 떨어져 있을 때에도 편지로 따뜻한 속마음을 전달하였으며, 비극을 희극으로 바꾸는 긍정성으로 희망의 메시지를 전달하여 가족이 절망하지 않도록 하였다. 셋째, 3차기능은 감각(S)이고, 열등기능은 외향적 사고(Te)이다. 본 기능의 발현으로 중요한 인간관계의 상실이나 분리로 인한 좌절감, 자신에 대한 부정적 반응과 비평으로 인한 상실감, 자신의 예술적 가치에 위배되는 평가로 인한 절망감 등의 스트레스로 무의식 영역의 기능이 주기능과 부기능을 압도해 버리는 상황으로 치닫게 되었다. 이러한 스트레스로 인해 이중섭은 자신이 무능하다는 판단으로 음식 거부와 자학을 통해 자신을 벌주었고, 공격적인 행동으로 가족과의 연락도 끊어버려 가족의 애간장을 태웠다. 또한 이상한 행동(신경쇠약성 신경증)으로 인해 병원에서 쓸쓸히 생을 마치는 비극적인 결말을 맞이하였다. 본 연구는 이중섭의 생애와 작품을 이해하는 성격의 기저를 발견하는 새로운 패러다임을 제공하는 데 의미가 있었다. 이를 근거로 MBTI 관점에서 개인의 유형 발달을 이해하기 위한 상담은 가족과 인간관계의 중요성을 고려하는 관점을 가져야 함을 제시할 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의에 포함하였다. This study would investigate the personality type of Lee Jung-Seob, a star-crossed artist of genius who sublimated the love of family to art analyzing his life from the MBTI theory perspective to help an in-depth understanding of his world of art and the impacts of the personality type on the growth and development of his personality type. For this purpose, this study analyzed through Choi Yeol’s “Lee Jung-Seob’s critical biography” and “Lee Jung-Seob’s Letter”and drew the following results for Lee Jung-Seob’s personality type. First, his personality type is INFP, which is quiet and silent, has a warm heart, and pursues an ideal. Second, his dominant function is introverted feeling (Fi), and his sub-function is extroverted intuition (Ne). He did artist activities with the belief that love and art are one. Even when he was away from his family, he conveyed his warm heart with letters to his family members and delivered messages of hope so that they would not be in despair with positiveness that turns tragedy into comedy. Third, his tertiary function is sensation (S), and his inferior function is extroverted thinking (Te). With the manifestation of these functions, extreme stress, such as frustration due to the loss of or separation from important human relations, the sense of loss due to negative responses to and criticisms of him, and despair due to evaluations going against his artistic values, made his functions in the unconscious area overwhelm his dominant function and sub-function. Due to this stress, Lee Jung-Seob punished himself by refusing to eat and harming himself, judging that he was incompetent, and worried his family very much by cutting his contact with them by aggressive behaviors. In addition, he encountered a tragic outcome that he ended his life lonesomely at a hospital due to his abnormal behaviors (neurasthenic neurosis). Thus, this study has significance in that it provides a new paradigm for discovering the base of personality in understanding Lee Jung-Seob’s life and works. Based on this, it can be suggested that it is necessary to counsel to understand the development of personality types of individuals and to have a perspective of considering the importance of family and human relations. Based on these research results, the limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were included in the discussion

A Study on Disorganized Families With Particular Reference to Divorce

오늘날 離婚 事件이 꾸준히 증가됨으로써 家族解體現象은 심각하다. 離婚은 家族의 不安定性을 나타내는 지표이자 家族解體의 表面的 實體이다. 이혼은 부부관계를 파괴시키고 자녀의 성장과 양육에 영향을 주는 家族生活事件이기 때문에 본 연구는 가족의 안정성을 위한 몇 요인을 모색하고자 離婚을 중심으로 분석하였다. 離婚의 原因 및 實態, 離婚에 관한 意識을 고찰해 봄으로써 다음과 같은 결론을 내렸다. 첫째, 어떤 家族關係 중 夫婦關係가 매우 중요하며 愛情的 要因을 중요시 여기는 價値體係가 형성되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 부부의 직업이 불안정할수록 이혼이 제기될 가능성이 높다. 세째, 家族의 安定性을 유지하고 가족해체의 방파제로써 子女의 存在는 매우 중요하다.Disorganized families have appeared because of increasing divorces in Korean society today. Divorce is an index that stands for an extrame family instability. Because divorce influences marital relationship and child rearing, it must be analysed especially. The purpose of this study is research on divorce rate, cause, actual condition and the married's consciousness for inferring family stability. The results of this study are as follows: marital relationship is more important than any other family relationships. Also affection is essential in the marital relationship. Second, childien play a very important role in securing family stability. Third, the more marital occupation is instable, the more divorce rate rises.Disorganized families have appeared because of increasing divorces in Korean society today. Divorce is an index that stands for an extrame family instability. Because divorce influences marital relationship and child rearing, it must be analysed especially. The purpose of this study is research on divorce rate, cause, actual condition and the married's consciousness for inferring family stability. The results of this study are as follows: marital relationship is more important than any other family relationships. Also affection is essential in the marital relationship. Second, childien play a very important role in securing family stability. Third, the more marital occupation is instable, the more divorce rate rises

Study of Fathering as seen through Yak-yong Jeong’s Child-rearing Attitudes: Focused on His Letters from Exile

목적 본 연구는 이 시대 아버지들에게 바람직한 아버지됨의 모델을 제시하여 진정한 아버지로서 자녀양육에 대해 고민하고 아버지로서의 성장을 돕기 위해 조선시대 정약용의 자녀 양육 태도를 통해 본 아버지됨을 분석하였다. 방법 정약용은 현재 생존하는 인물이 아니기에 문헌을 통한 내용분석 방법을 사용하였다. 내용분석은 연구주제와 관련한 과거로부터 축적되어 현재까지 존재하는 모든 문서화된 자료를 가리키며, 이미 산출된 자료를 분석하는 연구방법이다. 문헌 중에서도 개인의삶이 기록된 개인적 문서로는 일기나 편지, 회고록 또는 자서전 등이 포함된다. 결과 아버지됨을 이루는 여섯가지 요소로 범주를 구성하였다. 첫째, 물리적으로 떨어져 지냈지만 편지를 통해 아버지의 존재를 각인시켰고, 양육자, 보호자, 인도자의 역할을 하면서 생계에 도움이 되는 영농방법과 가문의 부흥을 위해 가족의 단합을 도모하고 사대부로서 학문적 발전을 이루도록 지도하였다. 또한, 자녀들의 통찰과 성찰을 이끌어 내는 멘토의 역할과 저술활동을 통한 아버지의개인적 성장도 이루었다. 결론 공동 앙육자로서 아버지 역할의 중요성이 강조되는 시대이다. 급변하는 사회가 원하는 아버지 역할을 흉내내기보다 진정한아버지로서의 근본을 확립하고 정체성을 형성하여 아버지 역할을 실천해 나가야 한다. Objectives This study presented a desirable model of fathering for fathers in this era to contemplate on child-rearing by sincere fathers and analyzed fathering as seen through the child-rearing attitudes of Yak-yong Jeong in the Joseon Dynasty to facilitate their growth as fathers. Methods Given that Yak-yong Jeong is no longer alive, this study employed the content analysis method through literature. Content analysis refers to all documented materials that have been accumulated from the past and exist in the present, related to the research topic, and it is a research method that analyzes already produced materials. Literature includes personal documents that record individuals’ lives, such as diaries, letters, memoirs, or autobiographies. Results This study categorizes fathering into six elements. First, despite physical separation, Jeong conveyed his presence to his children through letters, serving as their caregiver, protector, and guide. He also supported their livelihood by sharing helpful farming methods and promoted family unity for the prosperity of his lineage. As a nobleman, he directed his family's scholarly advancement. Additionally, he acted as a mentor, encouraging his children's insights and reflections while experiencing personal growth through his own writing activities. Conclusions In today's context, the significance of fathers as co-nurturers is highlighted. Instead of imitating ideal fathering shaped by rapidly changing societies, fathers should establish the foundations of authentic fathering and develop a personal identity to practice it effectively

A study of woman volunteer activity and action plan -based on metro ulsan city

본 연구는 여성자원봉사활동의 활성화 방안을 모색하기 위해 우선 정부와 지방자치단체의 정책과 지원의 현황, 여성자원봉사자들의 활동현황, 자원봉사센터 운영현황을 살펴보았다. 여성자원봉사의 정책자료와 자원봉사센터의 운영실태를 살펴 봄으로 여성자원봉사 활성화하기 위한 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 우리나라 여성자원봉사 관련정책을 살펴보면 다음과 같은 문제점을 살펴볼 수 있다. 첫째, 여성자원봉사활동을 지원하기 위한 정책이 각 부처별로 이루어지고 있다. 둘째, 각 부처별로 지원하는 모든 유형의 자원봉사센터가 설립되고 있어 설치지역의 중복성과 행정·재정의 낭비가 우려되고 있다. 셋째, 자원봉사자의 저변확대와 사기진작을 위해 자원봉사?갠오? 제도적으로 지원하는 관련법이 마련되어야 한다. 넷째, 자원봉사를 활성화하기 위한 재원을 마련할 방안이 우선적으로 마련되어야 한다. 다섯째, 여성자원봉사활동의 주도적 역할을 해온 여성자원활동센터의 지원부서인 여성특별위원회의 지원이 미비하다는 것을 알 수 있다.This research is focused on how to vitalize womens volunteer activities. To do so, the paper first reviews status quo of governments policies and womens volunteer activities. By knowing the fact of policies of womens volunteer activities and current situation of volunteer centers, I would like to propose problems and possible solutions in the paper. Following problems exist in current policies from central government. First, supports for womens volunteer activities are too scattered. Second, there might be misuse of budget·dministration because of the first. Third, there is a need for centralized policy on volunteer activities. Forth, there is a need to make sure financial support. Fifth, there is short of support from womens special committee, which is a major role in womens volunteer activities.This research is focused on how to vitalize womens volunteer activities. To do so, the paper first reviews status quo of governments policies and womens volunteer activities. By knowing the fact of policies of womens volunteer activities and current situation of volunteer centers, I would like to propose problems and possible solutions in the paper. Following problems exist in current policies from central government. First, supports for womens volunteer activities are too scattered. Second, there might be misuse of budget·dministration because of the first. Third, there is a need for centralized policy on volunteer activities. Forth, there is a need to make sure financial support. Fifth, there is short of support from womens special committee, which is a major role in womens volunteer activities

Analysis of Basic Local Government Ordiance for the Support of One-person Household: Focusing on the Comparison of One-person Household Support Ordinances and One-person Household Social Isolation and Solitary Death Prevention Ordinances

본 연구는 2023년 1월을 기준으로 109개 지자체에서 시행 중인 129개의 1인 가구 지원 조례의 조항을 분석하였다. 1인 가구에 공통으로 포함되어 있는 ‘목적, 기본 이념과 기본 원칙, 책무, 기본 계획과 시행 계획, 지원 사업, 지원 대상, 전달 체계’의 조항을 분류하고, 유목화 · 서열화 · 수량화하는 과정을 통하여 1인 가구 지원 조례 조항이 가진 특징과 문제점을 분석하고자 하였다. 급격히 증가하는 1인 가구에 대한 정책적인 지원으로 지자체에서는 1인 가구 지원 조례를 제정하여 시행하고 있고, 매년 1인 가구를 위한 조례를 제정하는 지자체가 증가세에 있으나 현재 조례 제정은 전체 지자체의 절반에 못 미치는 수준이다. 1인 가구 지원 조례조항을 통해 본 1인 가구 지원 조례의 특성은 첫째, 다양한 1인 가구의 형태에 부합되는 정책이 부족함을 들 수 있다. 둘째, 조례의 내용 면에서 지자체의 특성을 반영하기보다 일률적인 내용을 담고 있으며, 셋째, 1인 가구의 복지 측면보다 예방 차원의 조항과 내용이 주를 이루었다. 이에 본 연구를 통하여 향후 1인 가구 지원 조례 제정에 대한 기초 정보를 제공하여 1인 가구의 특성에 부합되는 조례의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. As of January 2023, this study analyzed the provisions of 129 one-person household support ordinances implemented by 109 local governments. The provisions of “purpose, basic ideology and basic principles, responsibilities, basic plans and implementation plans, support projects, targets for support and delivery systems” were classified. It was intended to analyze the characteristics and problems of the one-person household support ordinance through the process of nomadicizing, ranking, and quantifying the classified provisions. As a policy support for the rapidly increasing number of one-person households, local governments enact and implement one-person household support ordinances, and the number of local governments enacting ordinances for one-person households is on the rise every year. The characteristics of the one-person household support ordinance as seen through the one-person household support ordinance were first lacking policies suitable for various one-person households, Second, it contains more uniform contents that reflect the characteristics of local governments in terms of the contents of the ordinance, and thirdly, preventive provisions and contents were more important than the welfare of one-person households. Therefore, through this study, we would like to provide basic information on the enactment of an ordinance supporting one-person households in the future and suggest the direction of the ordinance that meets the characteristics of one-person households