11 research outputs found

    A Study on the Motion Estimation using theMotion Vector Correlation

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    Maste

    Formal Verification of Deep Neural Networks using Structural Properties

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    Master์‹ฌ์ธต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง(DNN)์€ ์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” DNN์€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ธ์ , ๋ฌผ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ DNN์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. DNN์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ DNN์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ DNN์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. DNN์˜ ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๋๋‚œ DNN์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ DNN์˜ ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ํ˜•ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” DNN์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ NP-complete์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ DNN์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” DNN์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ DNN์˜ ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” DNN์˜ ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” DNN์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € DNN์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ReLU๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” DNN์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์ธ์ง€ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜, ํŽธํ–ฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์€ SMT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ DNN ์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ DNN๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ SMT ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ SMT ํ•ด์„๊ธฐ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์€ SMT ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜์–ด SMT ํ•ด์„๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์†๋„์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ 3๊ฐœ DNN ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 99%์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์†๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This thesis proposes a method that exploits the structural properties of deep neural networks (DNNs) to increase the efficiency of DNN verification. DNNs have achieved enormous popularity and used for safety-critical systems such as unmanned aircraft and autonomous driving. However, DNNs have suffered from its errors such as adversarial examples. To overcome these errors, many formal DNN-verification techniques have been proposed. We introduce a new formal verification technique that uses structural properties. DNNs have structural information such as node-connection structures, activation functions, and weights and bias of nodes. This thesis defines the structural property of DNNs using structural information. This thesis suggests two structural properties of a DNN that uses a rectified linear unit (ReLU) as an activation function: one using weights of nodes and one using bounds of nodes. We encode two structural properties of DNNs to satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formula, then apply them to an SMT solver for formal verification of DNN. We demonstrate the usefulness of the structural properties by showing that the performance of DNN verification is increased by exploiting the structural properties

    Formal Verification of Deep Neural Networks using Structural Information

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    ์‹ฌ์ธต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง(Deep neural network, DNN)์€ ์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ DNN์—๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ DNN์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ DNN ์ •ํ˜•๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” DNN์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ DNN์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ReLU๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” DNN์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ SMT ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ DNN ๊ฒ€์ฆ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.2
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