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    ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋‚ด ์„ ํƒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ƒ์ฒด์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™ ์ „๋žต

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ์ด์—ฐ.Labeling biomolecules with functional chemical molecules plays a major role in understanding complex life phenomena and has led to the development of bioimaging and biotherapeutics. In particular, fluorescent substances among the functional molecules were tagged on peptides and proteins to allow for the observation of intracellular biomolecules behavior in the field of bio-imaging and for identifying the location and course of disease in real time by non-surgical methods. In addition, functional molecules having a therapeutic effect such as anticancer drugs can be effectively conjugated to antibodies, and polymers such as polyethylene glycol are bound to proteins to stabilize structures and improve biological activity. The method widely used in the study of conjugating such functional molecules to biomolecules is to stably bind the two substances through selective bioconjugation with natural amino acids present in the biomaterial and to introduce non-natural amino acids into specific sites through genetic code to give bioorthogonal functionalization. A widely used method for bioconjugation to natural amino acids is to chemically target amino acid residues to form bonds. In particular, the amine group of the lysine is often used through a nucleophilic reaction. In order to selectively bind to the amine of the lysine, various chemical functional groups should be introduced into the substance to be conjugated, and therefore, the amine is treated with N-hydroxysuccinimide, isothiocyanate, isocyanate and imidoester. In addition, many methods are used to ligate through the reaction of cysteine thiol and maleimide. Nevertheless, since most lysine is present on the surface of most proteins, various products with different activities are produced after the reaction, and since cysteine is easily oxidized and most are present in proteins in the form of disulfide bonds, the reduction process is necessary before the reaction is performed. Therefore, it is meaningful to develop a method for selectively conjugating biomolecules with molecules having various functionalities. This doctoral dissertation involves 1) the formation of citrate-based fluorophore at the N-terminus of peptide and protein into de novo, and 2) the selective bioconjugation of tyrosine through sulfate-based reactions. The method of forming the 5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a] pyridine-3,7-dicarboxylic acid fluorophore is a dehydration and condensation reaction of citrate and cysteine. In this reaction, citrate and cysteine become amide bonds that require large amounts of energy. For this reason, it was confirmed that the fluorophore was formed at the microwave method and at room temperature under peptide synthesis conditions by adding a coupling reagent that promotes amide bond formation. As a result, it was confirmed that a de novo fluorescent substance was formed under mild conditions using a citrate and a coupling reagent to introduce a cysteine-introduced peptide into the N-terminus. Furthermore, under a reaction condition through the use of a coupling reagent and citrate with N-terminal amino acids of proteins and peptides present in fixed cells and tissues, a fluorescent emission was confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Sulfate click reactions proceed through the exchange of hexavalent sulfur and fluorine. Conventional sulfate click reactions are known as reactions between aromatic fluorosulfates and aryl silyl ethers, but no sulfate click reactions have been performed by directly activating an aromatic hydroxyl anion without a silyl group using a base. Therefore, in this study, we developed a sulfate click reaction condition so that only the tyrosine selectively reacts among various amino acids with a fluorosulfate moiety. Under these reaction conditions, only the tyrosine present in the TAT 47-57 cell penetrating peptide was selectively conjugated. Fluorescent peptides can be treated in cells and fluorescence can be confirmed in the cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Furthermore, the polyethylene glycol polymer was conjugated on the 49th tyrosine exposed on the surface of the erythropoietin known as an anemia drug by a sulfate click reaction. After that, the proportion of the volume of erythrocytes in the blood increases when the conjugated protein is intravenously administered in vivo. In this study, the formation of selectively functional molecular structures in peptides and proteins with new bioorganic strategies is expected to be widely used in the field of chemical biology as well as contributing to the fields of bioimaging and biotherapeutics.๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜ ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ด๋ฏธ์ง•๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ์ค‘ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๋Š” ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋น„์™ธ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผœ ์•”์„ธํฌ๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์ค€๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ฒด์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ณผ ์œ ์ „ ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ฒœ์—ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์„ ํŠน์ • ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค . ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์— ์ƒ์ฒด์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค . ํŠนํžˆ , ๋ผ์ด์‹  ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฏผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์นœํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค . ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— N ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์ˆ™์‹ ์ด๋ฏธ๋“œ,์ด์†Œํ‹ฐ์˜ค์‹œ์•„๋„ค์ดํŠธ, ์ด์†Œ์‹œ์•„๋„ค์ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ๋„์—์Šคํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์˜ ์‹ธ์ด์˜ฌ๊ณผ ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํ›„์— ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ™”๋˜์–ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋””์„คํŒŒ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ „์— ํ™˜์› ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์  ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ๋ณธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 1) ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ N ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด์‚ฐ ์—ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋“œ ๋…ธ๋ณด๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•จ๊ณผ 2) ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํƒ€์ด๋กœ์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ฒด์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ 5 ์˜ฅ์†Œ 2,3 ๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ 5H --[ ํ‹ฐ์•„์กธ๋กœ [3,2a ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ 3,7 ๋””์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ์—์„œ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด์‚ฐ ์—ผ๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์˜ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์ถ•ํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋‹ค . ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด ์‚ฐ ์—ผ๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์€ ํฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ์‹œ์•ฝ์„๋„ฃ์–ด์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ๋„ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ N ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด ์‚ฐ ์—ผ๊ณผ ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ์‹œ์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋“œ ๋…ธ๋ณด๋กœ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค . ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ์‹œ์•ฝ์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง ์•ˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ N ๋ง๋‹จ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด ์‚ฐ ์—ผ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋จ์„ ๊ณต ์ดˆ์  ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ 6 ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์†Œ์˜ ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค . ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฅดํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฆด ์‹ค๋ฆด ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฆด ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์—†์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ์Œ์ด์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ค‘์— ํƒ€์ด๋กœ์‹ ์—๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ ๋กœ TAT 47 57 ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ด๋กœ์‹ ์—๋งŒ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด์ ‘ํ•ฉ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ์— ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋’ค ๊ณต์ดˆ์  ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ•ต์—์„œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค . ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กœํฌ์ด์—ํ‹ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ 49 ๋ฒˆ ํƒ€์ด๋กœ์‹ ์— ๋งŒ ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝœ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค . ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋Š” ์šฉ์ ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์ฒด์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ „๋žต ์œผ๋กœ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋‚ด ์— ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ด๋ฏธ์ง•๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋ฟ ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋„ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹คPART I. De Novo Formation of Citrate-based Fluorophores on N-Termini of Peptides and Proteins in Cells and Tissues 1 1. Abstract 1 2. Introduction 2 3. Experimental Section 4 3.1 Materials 4 3.2. Instruments 5 3.3. Synthesis of 5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-3,7-dicarboxylic acid (TPA) 5 3.4. Synthesis of Fmoc-Leu-Bu (2) 6 3.5. Synthesis of Leu-Bu (3) 6 3.6. Synthesis of Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-Leu-Bu (4) 7 3.7. Synthesis of Cys(Trt)-Leu-Bu (5) 7 3.8. Synthesis of Cys-Leu-Bu ( 7 3.9. Synthesis of TPA-Leu-Bu (7) 8 3.10. Synthesis of TAT and LK peptides with an N-terminal cysteine on a solid phase peptide resin 8 3.11. Deprotection of S-(tert-butylthio) in TAT and LK peptides on the solid phase peptide resin 9 3.12. Formation of TPA on the peptides conjugated to the solid phase peptide resin 10 3.13. Cleavage of the TPA-peptides from the solid phase peptide resin 10 3.14. Cell culture 10 3.15. Cell fixation 11 3.16. Staining of fixed cells by the DNFC method 11 3.17. Labeling of intracellular organelles 12 3.18. CLSM observation of the DNFC-stained cells 12 3.19. Human tissue sample acquisition 12 3.20. Production of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and microsection 13 3.21. H&E- and MT-staining of human tissues for observation with optical microscopy 13 3.22. Staining of human tissues by the DNFC method 14 3.23. CLSM observation of the DNFC-stained tissues 14 4. Results and Discussion 15 4.1. Facile synthesis of Cit-based fluorophores at mild conditions 15 4.2. Fluorophore formation on N-termini of peptides 16 4.3. Fluorophore generation in cultured cells 18 4.4. DNFC staining of human tissues 21 5. Conclusions 24 6. References 25 PART โ…ก. Chemoselective Tyrosine Bioconjugation Through Sulfate Click Reaction 63 1. Abstract 63 2. Introduction 64 3. Experimental Section 67 3.1 Materials 67 3.2. Instruments 67 3.3. Synthesis of phenyl p-tolyl sulfate (1) 68 3.4. Synthesis of N-Boc tyramine (2) 69 3.5. Synthesis of 4-(2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl sulfurofluoridate (3) 69 3.6. Synthesis of tetraethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (4) 69 3.7. Synthesis of N-(6-(Diethylamino)-9-(2-((4-((fluorosulfonyl)oxy)phenethyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-ethylethanaminium (5) 70 3.8. Synthesis of 4-((Fuorosulfonyl)oxy)benzoic acid (6) 70 3.9. Synthesis of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 4-((fluorosulfonyl)oxy) benzoate (7) 71 3.10. Synthesis of methoxy poly ethylene glycol tosylate (8) 71 3.11. Synthesis of methoxy poly ethylene glycol azide (9) 72 3.12. Synthesis of methoxy poly ethylene glycol amine (10) 72 3.13. Synthesis of methoxy poly ethylene glycol amine (11) 72 3.14. Synthesis of (2S,2'S)-3,3'-((Sulfonylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(2-aminopropanoic acid) (12) 73 3.15. Synthesis of TAT 47-57 peptide 73 3.16. Synthesis of Rho-TAT peptide 74 3.17. Synthesis of PEG-rhEPO 75 3.18. Tryptic digestion of proteins 75 3.19. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation of Rho- TAT peptide 75 3.20. In vitro cytotoxicity of diaryl sulfate compound 76 3.21. In vivo activity of rhEPO and PEG-rhEPO 77 4. Results and Discussion 78 4.1. Comparison of SuFEx reactivity of various model nucleophiles representing amino acids 78 4.2. The SuFEx application in TAT 47-57 peptide labeling by fluorophore 79 4.3. The SuFEx application in PEGylation of rhEPO 80 5. Conclusions 82 6. References 83 List of Publications 114 Abstract in Korean (๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก) 115Docto

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    In this paper, a new hybrid system was proposed to overcome the cumulative navigation error problem of the underwater robot and the battery problem for long time operation. To solve these problems effectively, a hybrid system that combines an USV and an underwater robot was studied. The USV connected to the underwater robot with a tether cable, enabling GPS data transmission and stable power supply was studied. In addition, by installing a winch system on the USV, it is possible to move and retrieve underwater robots at long distance or at high speed, and depth control of underwater robots is possible. The underwater robot equipped with an underwater camera and a multi-beam echo sounder which can acquire underwater image capture and undersea topography information and can transmit it to the land in real time was designed. A Line-Of-Sight navigation was studied for the hybrid system to move along the given point. Also, Dynamic Positioning algorithm was studied for the USV to perform its position-keeping while ROV is doing underwater operations. The good performance of the USV was verified by simulation and experiment using the developed testbed of USV-underwater robot. |๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์šด์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์  ํ•ญํ•ด ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ USV์™€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. USV๋Š” ํ…Œ๋” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด GPS ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ USV์— ์œˆ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์† ์ด๋™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ค‘๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋น” ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ํ•ด์ € ์ง€ํ˜• ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์œก์ง€๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ง€์ •๋œ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก Line-Of-Sight ํ•ญ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ค‘๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„ ์ด ํŠน์ • ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก Dynamic Positioning ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฒ ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ•ด์—ญ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ List of Tables iv List of Figures v Abstract vii 1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  4 2. ๋ฌด์ธ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 2.1 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 5 2.2 ๋ฌด์ธ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„  ๊ตฌ์กฐ 5 2.3 ๋ฌด์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ 7 2.4 ์œˆ์น˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 8 2.5 ๋ฌด์ธ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„  ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์ • ์ œ์ž‘ 8 3. ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ 3.1 ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 13 3.1.1 ๋ฌด์ธ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„  ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 13 3.1.2 PC ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 17 3.1.3 ๋ฌด์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์ • ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 19 3.2 ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ „์› ํšŒ๋กœ 21 4. ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4.1 ๋™์—ญํ•™ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 22 4.2 ๋ฌด์ธ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„  ์šด๋™ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 28 4.3 ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 33 4.4 ํ•ญ๋ฒ• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 34 5. ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜ 5.1 GPS ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜ 37 5.2 Dynamic Positioning ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜ 41 5.3 ์œˆ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ • ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ์ œ์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜ 43 5.4 ๋ฌด์ธ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„  ์ฃผํ–‰ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜ 48 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  6.1 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„๊ณผ์ œ 50 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 52 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 53 ๋ถ€๋ก 54Maste

    (A) study on the Effects of Perceived value, Customer satisfaction, Perceived Switching cost on the switching intention-mainly on CMA service

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    Authentication using keyless token-based one-time password

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    Counterfactual Bayesian Theory of Evidence

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฐ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2018. 8. ์กฐ์ธ๋ž˜.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฆฌ, ๋น„ํด, ๋ชฐ๋”˜์ด ใ€Ž๊ณผํ•™์  ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์ดํ•ดใ€(2008)์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํŒ๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ โ€• ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ-์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ(use-novel) ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” โ€• ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ(์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜), ๊ทธ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(์ œ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์˜). ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋…ผ๋ณ€์ธ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ž ๋…ผ๋ณ€์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด์„ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ํ•ด์„ ํ•˜์—์„œ๋„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ , ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์  ์„ค๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™” โ€• ํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ โ€• ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๋…ผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ํ†ต์‹œ์  ๊ฐฑ์‹  ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ž…์ฆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜์  ์ง๊ด€์„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ์‚ฌํ›„ ํฌ์„ญ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ์ข‹์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ถ„์„์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ์‚ฌํ›„ ํฌ์„ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํŒ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ํฌ์„ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์  ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ใ€Ž์ฒœ๊ตฌ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌใ€(1543) ์ถœํŒ ๋‹น์‹œ ํƒœ์–‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ค๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ค์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ ์šด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์  ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ค์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ๋…ผ๋ณ€ โ€• ์‚ฌ์šฉ-์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ณ€๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ณ€ โ€• ์ด ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ณ€์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์„ค์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‹คํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋„์™€ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜(trade-off) ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํŒ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  : ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก  1 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 2 2. ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฆฌ์‹ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํŒ๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  5 3. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 13 ์ œ2์žฅ. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ž 16 1. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„ ํฌ์„ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 16 2. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ : ์„ค๋ช… ์˜๋„ vs. ํ•„์š” 20 3. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ž 21 4. ํ•„์š”์™€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • 24 5. ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 26 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  27 ์ œ3์žฅ. ๋ฉ”์ด์š”์‹ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 29 1. ๋ฉ”์ด์š”์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ 30 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์ด๋ก  ๋ฏธ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ-์ฐธ์‹ ์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜ 33 3. ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ ํŒ์ •์˜ ๋น„์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ 37 4. ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™” 39 5. ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ 42 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  45 ์ œ4์žฅ. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก  47 1. ์ž…์ฆ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ 47 2. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํŒ๋‹จ 50 3. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ™” 67 4. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์  ์ง€์ง€๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 83 5. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ 91 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  93 ์ œ5์žฅ. ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ 94 1. ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌด์šฉ๋ก  94 2. ๋งˆํ—ˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ฃผ์˜ ์˜นํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  101 3. ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ํฌ์„ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ : ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” 111 4. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ํฌ์„ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ : ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” 117 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  122 ์ œ6์žฅ. ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์กฐํ™”์™€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ 124 1. ์‚ฌ์šฉ-์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ฑ 124 2. ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ ํ”„ํ†จ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„ 129 3. ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ฑ 135 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  144 ์ œ7์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  147 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 153 ๋ถ€๋ก 1. ๋งˆํ—ˆ์‹ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ํฌ์„ญ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 159 ๋ถ€๋ก 2. ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ์‹ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ํฌ์„ญ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 163 Abstract 165Docto

    An Analysis of Effects of Creative Experiential Activity Policy on Reducing Student Behavior Problems

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ฒดํ—˜ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ฒดํ—˜ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2011๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ฒดํ—˜ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๊ต์šฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ฒดํ—˜ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์‹คํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹ค. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of creative experiential activity policy, focusing on the effects of reducing student behavior problems. This study analyzed the 2nd-4th waves of the 7th grade cohort of the Korea Youth and Children Panel Survey dataset. The method of analysis was mainly panel data analysis using two-way fixed effects models. The results were as follows. First, participation in creative experiential activities has increased while it does not positively affect on reducing studentsbehavior problems. Second, creative experiential activities had an effect on reducing anti-social peer relationshipsaffecting behavior problems. In other words, there is a possibility that students who are more engaged with anti-social friends are less likely to conduct misbehavior while participating in creative experiential activities. Based on those findings, this study suggests that precise understanding of creative experiential activity management in schools and appropriate intervention policy are in need

    The Impact of Adolescent-Parent Career Congruence on Student Learning Experiences and Career Development

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๋ง ์ง„๋กœ ์ผ์น˜, ์ฆ‰ ์ž๋…€ ํฌ๋ง ์ง„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ต์œก์ข…๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(GEPS)์˜ 4-6์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต์ƒ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์ŠนํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„(Ordinary Least Square)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๋ง ์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์„ ํƒ ํŽธ์˜(Sample selection bias)๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ ์ˆ˜๋งค์นญ(Propensity Score Matching)ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๋ง์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด ์ผ์น˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด ์„ ํ˜ธ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์น˜๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๋ง์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๋ง์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง„๋กœ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง„๋กœ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ง„ํ•™ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ง€๋„ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ์ง„ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ์ง„๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

    The Effects of Diversity of Workersโ€™ Educational Backgrounds on Corporate Financial and Non-financial Performances

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์ „๊ณต ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋น„์šฉ, ์žฌ๋ฌด ๋ฐ ๋น„์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ๊ธฐ์—…ํŒจ๋„(HCCP) 3์ฐจ๏ฝž7์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, 2008๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์ „๊ณต ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”์ด๋Š” ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2014๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์ „๊ณต ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋น„์šฉ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ „๊ณต ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ 1์ธ๋‹น ๋งค์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ํ‰๊ท  ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๋„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํŠน์ • ์ „๊ณต ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๊ด€ํ–‰์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ณต ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ ์ถ•์ ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต์  HRD๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study aims to identify the effects of workersโ€™ diverse educational backgrounds on training costs and corporate financial and non-financial performances using data from the Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP). Findings are as follows. First, the diversity of workersโ€™ educational backgrounds has slightly increased since 2008, but then has slightly decreased since 2014. Second, an increase in the diversity of workersโ€™ educational backgrounds did not significantly affect the cost of education and training at a corporate level. Third, the diversity of workersโ€™ educational backgrounds had significantly positive effects on sales per capita and workersโ€™ organizational commitment. Based on these findings, this study suggests that companies can hire employees with more diverse educational backgrounds to increase their corporate performance. Moreover, education and training and other HRD strategies should be provided to help accumulate workersโ€™ general human capital within companies

    ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ•™๋ ฅ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„(An analysis on human capital externality within firms)

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ํ•™๋ ฅ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ•™๋ ฅ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์†Œ์†์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ต์œก์—ฐํ•œ์ด 1๋…„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1.2% ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™๋ ฅ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ต์œกํˆฌ์ž์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ต์œกํˆฌ์ž์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œ3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ, ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผํ•จ์„ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹ค.In this paper, we estimate human capital externality within the firm and identify its differential effects, exploiting two-way fixed effect model. Our results show significantly 1.2% external effects within the firm. This result means that a worker within the firm that has high level of workers' average years of schooling has wage premium. This result suggests that the social returns to education from human capital externality are strongly positive, implying that the effect of education should be evaluated by positive human capital externality as well as private return to education not to underestimate the effect of education. We also estimate the differential effect of human capital externality with regard to personal and company characters. Human capital externality has differential effects by gender, marital status, occupational type, and incentive type. These results emphasize that a company should establish proper strategies in order to maximize the benefit of human capital externality
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