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    On Jang Il-soons pacific thought around the relation between Jangs thoughts and Korean traditional buddhism

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ‰ํ™” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „ํ†ต๋ถˆ๊ต์™€์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์‚ฌ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ธ€, ์„œํ™” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์™€ ๋™ํ•™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๊ต์™€ ๋ถˆ๊ต, ๋…ธ์žฅ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ์˜ ํ‰ํ™”์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ์›ํšจ์™€ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ์™€ ๋‹ฎ์€ ๊ณณ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์›ํšจ์˜ ํ™”์Ÿ๋ก ๊ณผ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์—„์ฒ ํ•™์€ ์‹ ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ†ต์ผ์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋’ค ๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ ค, ๋ฐฑ์ œ ์œ ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„์•ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ํ‰ํ™”์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ ๋Œ€์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋˜ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ฆ์˜ค์‹ฌ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์›ํšจ์˜ ํ™”์Ÿ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ •๊ฒฌ(ๆญฃ่ฆ‹)์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฌํ•ด ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์—„์ฒ ํ•™์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒด์™€ ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›ํšจ์™€ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€ ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์šด๋™๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ ๋Œ€์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•…์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…์žฌ์ •๊ถŒ ํƒ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์šด๋™์˜ ์ œ1๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ ์ ๋Œ€์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์šฉ์„œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”์Ÿ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ข์Œ€ ํ•œ ์•Œ์— ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์—„์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ณง ์ „์ฒด๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค(ไธ€ๅฝๅคšๅคšๅฝไธ€)๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ „๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ์žฅ์ผ์ˆœ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ†ต์  ์‚ฌ์œ  ์†์— ๊น”๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ‰ํ™”์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.This paper is one of a series of studies that systematically reveal the origins of Jang Il-soons thought, and its primary purpose is to examine its relation to Korean traditional Buddhism. In order to understand Jang's life and thougt more precisely, we should examine his insights on Korean traditional thoughts. Because, in his words, writings, paintings and calligraphic works, there are a variety of traditional philosophical contexts ranging from Christianity and Donghak to Confucianism, Buddhism, an Laotzu and Chuang-tzus Philosophy. Jang Il-soon's pacific thought is especially similar to the philosophy of Buddhist philosophers, especially Wonhyo and Ui-sang. WonHyos philosophy of Hwa-Jaeng and Ui-sangs philosophy of Hwa-eom are the philosophies of peace born from the times when Silla had to coexist with Goguryeo and Baekje people after achieving imperfect unification. A similar context can be found in Jang Il-soon's thought. Because he had concerned himself with a construction of peaceful coexistance conditions for Korean in the late 20th when had been charged with hostility and hatred arising from the harsh dictatorship. WonHyos philosophy of Hwa-Jaeng is a philosophy of reconciliation based on a thorough self-reflection that even the most excellent idea is just one of many views. In addition, the point of Ui-sangs philosophy of Hwa-eom is to look at ones value as being equal with the wholes. These ideas of Wonhyo and Uisang are also found in Jang Il-soon's thought. He pointed out that the stronger the hostility is in the process of pro-democracy movement, the more difficult it is to solve the real problem. In the midst of the era in which the slogan of overthrow of dictatorship was a widely recognized supreme task of Korean pro-democracy movement, it is a modern revival of Hwa-Jaeng that he has forgiven the hostile forces and insisted that we should live together. Jang Il-soon often said A grain of millet embraces the universe, which is also a modern development of Ui-sangs idea of One is the whole, and the whole is one(ไธ€ๅฝๅคšๅคšๅฝไธ€). I can understand. In this respect, Jang Il-soon is a philosopher who reinterpreted the old ideas in Korean traditional thoughts in accordance with the contemporary social context, in order to solve his own ages problems. Therefore, To study his pacific thought can provide a meaningful clue to the solution of many problems in the contemporary Korean society
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