4 research outputs found
The Democratic Implications of Capitalism in the Era of Globalization: A Political Economy Approach to the Moderating Effects of Islamic Capital on Political Islam
์ด ๊ธ์ ์ธ๊ณํ ์๊ธฐ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ถ๋ฅด์ฃผ์ ๊ณ๊ธ์ ์ ์น์ ์ญํ ์ ๋ํด ์ด๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ๊ณ ์๋ค. 19์ธ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฝ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด ์
์ฆ๋ ์๋ณธ์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ํจ์๋ฅผ ์ต๊ทผ ์ค๋ ๋ฌด์ฌ๋ฆผ ์ธ๊ณ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๋ ์ด์ฌ๋ ์๋ณธ์ ์ํ ์ ์น์ธ๋ ฅ์ ์จ๊ฑดํ ํ์์ ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฌ๊ฒํ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฆ ์๋ณธ์ ๋ถ๋๋ฌ์ด ํ์ ์ํ ๊ถ๋ ฅ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช
ํ๋ฉด์ 1990๋
๋ ์ค๋ฐ ์ดํ ํฐํค์ ์ด์งํธ์์ ์งํ๋ ์ด์ฌ๋ ์ ์น์ธ๋ ฅ์ ํ๊ธ์งํ์ ์ ๋๊ถ ํธ์
์ 1990๋
๋ ์ด ์ธ๊ณํ๊ฐ ํ์ฐ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฑ์ฅํด์จ ์ด์ฌ๋ ์๋ณธ์ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค. ์ด์ฌ๋ ์๋ณธ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ด์ต์ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์์ด์ฌ๋ ์ ์น์ธ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ์์๊ตญ๊ฐ, ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ง์์ค์, ๋ค์์ฃผ์์ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์์ ํต์ฌ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ง์งํ๋๋ก ์ ์ธํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ํํธ ์จ๊ฑดํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํด๋ด๋ ์ ๋์ ์๋ ฅ์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ๋ ์ค์ฆ์ ์ ๋์ฃผ์๋ ํ์์์ ์ํ ์ ๋ต์ ์จ๊ฑดํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ ํ ์ ๋์ฃผ์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ์จ๊ฑดํ์ ์์ ์ ๋ํด ๋ช
ํํ ํด๋ต์ ์ ์ํ์ง ๋ชปํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ ์น๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ ๊ทผ์ ์๋ณธ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ์ ๋ณด์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ ์์ ๊ณผ ์ดํ ๋ฑ์ฅํ ์๋ก์ด ๋๋งน๊ด๊ณ์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ๋ค. ๋ค์ ๋งํด ์ธ๊ณํ๋ผ๋ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ถ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ถ์ ํ ์ ํฅ ์ด์ฌ๋ ๋ถ๋ฅด์ฃผ์๊ฐ ์์ ์ ์ด์ต์ ๋ณดํธํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐํํ ์ด์ฌ๋ ์ ์น์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋๋งน์ ๋งบ๊ณ ์ด๋ค์ ์
์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฐํ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ ๋์๊ฐ ์ด๋ค๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ๋ณด๋ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ์ฃผ์์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ฑํํ๋๋ก ์ด๋์๋ค๊ณ ๋ณธ๋ค.
This paper surveys the role of independent bourgeoisie with accumulated structural power in promoting liberal democracy. It examines the conditions under which the eighteenth history of European conjectures about economic interests taming political passions transposes into quite similar atmosphere of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century in the Middle East and North Africa. In doing so, this work proposes that growing Islamic business interests in the era of globalization in Turkey and Egypt played a significant role in transforming their Islamist counterpart in politics into moderate Muslim catch-all parties. Since the Islamic bourgeoisies as the new riches from the globalization process knew that it was not possible for them to secure complete control of the secular state, they rather supported minimal state, rule of law, and pluralism. Furthermore, the Islamic capitalists motivated the political Islamists to abandon their radical attitudes, to accommodate themselves to the give and take of democratic politics, and to adopt more liberal and market-oriented programs favorable to business interests. In explaining the recent moderation and de-radicalization of the Turkish and Egyptian Islamic parties, many works have followed one of the two paths emphasizing either the internal pressures of political institutionalization in empirical institutionalism or the micro foundations of actors' incentives and strategic calculation pursuing their opportunities in rational choice institutionalism. However, these competing explanations did not offer a coherent answer regarding timing. This work focusing on a critical turning point as the globalization process, argues that the growing drive of the Islamic capitalists for profits, markets, and stability in the globalization era has contributed to moderation and de-radicalization of the political Islamists. The Islamic capitalists without hope of capturing control over the state have sought to coexist with the incumbent regime in order to secure their business interests. In doing so, they have disciplined the fundamentalist political Islam and strengthened more liberal factions, who ultimately play by democratic rules within system