방과후 보호형태에 따른 초등학교 저학년 아동의 심리적 복지감과 취업모의 양육부담감

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :소비자아동학과 아동가족학전공,1998.Maste

Molecular and genetic analyses of a major gene for seed protein content in soybean

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 식물생산과학부, 2015. 2. 이석하.Seeds store nutrients for conservation and propagation of genetic materials between two generations and propagation. Seed crops are cultivated to supply those nutrients. Soybean is important seed crop since it has high protein content to maintain body and generate energy. Continuous efforts of soybean breeders are directed to improve the protein quantity by identifying linked markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL). Danbaekkong has 48% of seed protein content that its major protein QTL was founded on Chr 20, surrounding region of Satt239 and Satt496 marker interval. We selected three residual heterozygous lines heterozygous in the Satt239-Satt496 region from two recombinant inbred line populations of Sinpaldalkong 2 x Danbaekkong and Daewonkong x Danbaekkong soybean crosses to develop two sets of near isogenic lines (NILs), Prot_highSD/Prot_lowSD and Prot_highDD/Prot_lowDD with different seed protein content. The maternal parent cultivar Danbaekkong, carrying a high protein content allele, showed high seed protein content. In the genomic region harboring the introgressed Danbaekkong segment on Chr 20, we identified nucleotide differences between low- and high-protein NILs through whole genome sequencing. From the major protein QTL region, we found 66 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and one frameshifts are overlapped between both low- and high-protein lines. After elimination of genes by expression during seed stages, we identified two genes, calcium-dependent protein kinase and exocyst subunit exo70 family protein, are more likely involved in see protein accumulation in soybean. The gene expression changes of developing seed between Prot_lowDD and Prot_highDD represent the pattern of up-regulation of many genes in Prot_highDD at 2 week after flowering (WAF), stage of early maturation. Up-regulation pattern of storage protein genes in Prot_highDD was increasing according to seed maturation. There is a block of gene expression pattern that raised up-regulation in Prot_lowDD, consist of genes involving protein degradation. Transcription factors were highly up-regulated in Prot_highDD at 2 WAF, including major transcription factor to regulate seed development. Gene expression of carbon precursors, protein, and oil metabolic enzymes are compared between 1 and 2 WAF in Prot_lowDD to identify initial gene expression at early maturation stage. Glycine max undergoes two rounds of whole-genome duplicationthe number of genes involved in the three synthesis pathways is more than two times higher than that in Arabidopsis. Among these genes, five were conserved as single-copy genes and 44 were high copy gene families consisting of more than seven homolog members. We identified five differentially expressed genes in immature seeds aged between 1 and 2 WAF. To find out protein expression change according to storage protein difference, additional proteomic research was hired for two NIL lines. Three enzymes, sucrose synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ketol-acid reductoisomerase showed over two times differential expression between Prot_high lines and Prot_low lines. In this research, we developed two NIL pairs of high and low seed protein content derived from different genetic backgrounds. Genomic, trasncriptomic and proteomic analysis using these NILs indicates that development regulation from transcription factors and initial carbon metabolism is important to seed storage protein synthesis.GENERAL ABSTRACT i CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii LITERATURAL REVIEWS 1 Residual heterozygous line 1 Seed storage protein 2 Next generation sequencing 4 REFERENCES 6 CHAPTER I 14 Identification of high seed protein allele effect on chromosome 20 in soybean using near isogenic lines derived from two recombinant inbred lines 14 ABSTRACT 14 INTRODUCTION 16 MATERIAL AND METHODS 19 Plant materials and NIL development 19 Phenotype evaluation 20 Genomic DNA extraction and SSR marker analysis 21 New SSR marker development and in silico transcript screening 22 RESULTS 23 Development of NILs and marker analysis 23 Phenotype evaluation for protein content 27 Genetic composition of NILs on chromosome 20 29 DISCUSSION 33 REFERENCES 37 CHAPTER II 43 Nucleotide variations in the QTL region affecting seed protein content in NILs carrying high and low seed protein alleles on chromosome 20 in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) 43 ABSTRACT 43 INTRODUCTION 45 MATERIAL AND METHODS 48 DNA extraction and SSR marker analysis 48 Analysis of sequence variations 49 RESULTS 51 Nucleotide variations in the high protein QTL region between low- and high-protein NILs 51 DISCUSSION 59 REFERENCES 66 CHAPTER III 73 Gene expression profiling for seed protein and oil synthesis during seed development in soybean 73 ABSTRACT 73 INTRODUCTION 75 MATERIAL AND METHODS 78 Plant materials and RNA extraction 78 RNA-seq analysis 79 Survey of G. max homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in sucrose degradation and protein and oil synthesis 80 Identification of synteny blocks in the soybean genome 80 RESULTS 82 Characterization and developing soybean seeds and transcriptome analysis 82 Expression patterns of differential expressed genes related with seed storage product metabolism during seed development 89 Expression patterns of differential expressed transcription factors 95 G. max homologs of A. thaliana genes involved in synthesis of carbon precursor, protein, and oil 101 Differentially expressed genes in immature soybean seeds at 1 and 2 WAF 108 Expression patterns of paralogous soybean genes involved in the synthesis of carbon precursor, protein, and oil 115 DISCUSSION 120 REFERENCES 128 CHAPTER IV 139 Comparative analysis of protein expression using 2-DE during seed protein accumulation 139 ABSTRACT 139 INTRODUCTION 141 MATERIAL AND METHODS 143 Plant materials 143 Protein two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 144 Protein identification using peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) 145 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 147 Characterization of developing soybean seed and outline of protein expression 147 REFERENCES 153 국문초록 157Docto

세보플루레인 마취 후 각성 발작의 예측 인자로서의 수술 중 뇌파 검사의 유용성

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과(마취통증의학과), 2013. 8. 김희수.Introduction: Emergence agitation (EA) is common after sevoflurane anesthesia in children, but its appearance cannot be predicted. We investigated whether the intraoperative EEG during sevoflurane anesthesia can indicate the occurrence or degree of EA in children. Methods: EEG-derived parameters (SEF95, beta, alpha, theta, and delta power) were measured at 2.0 vol% (during the maintenance of anesthesia) and 0.7 vol% (during emergence) end-tidal sevoflurane (EtSEVO) anesthesia in 29 pediatric patients (aged from 1 to 6 years). EA was evaluated using the emergence agitation score (EAS1-5) at the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) on arrival (EAS 0) and at 15 and 30 minutes after the arrival (EAS 15 and EAS 30). The correlation between EEG-derived parameters and EA score was analyzed using Spearman correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the predictability. Results: EA occurred in 11 patients. The alpha power at 0.7 vol% of EtSEVO was positively correlated with EAS 15 and EAS 30 (Spearman correlation coefficient0.392 and 0.566, p = 0.035 and 0.001, respectively). The theta/alpha ratio at 0.7 vol% of EtSEVO was negatively correlated with EAS 30 (Spearman correlation coefficient-0.478, p = 0.009). There were no significant differences in SEF95 at 2.0 vol% and 0.7 vol% of EtSEVO between patients with EA and those who without EA. The area under the ROC curve of the percentage of alpha bands at 0.7 vol% of EtSEVO and the occurrence of EA was 0.672. Conclusions: We conclude that children showing high alpha powers and low theta powers (= low theta/alpha ratio) during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia are at high risk of EA in PACU. (cris.nih.go.kr number, KCT0000652)I. Introduction 6 II. Methods 8 III. Results 12 IV. Discussions 20 V. References 24Maste

Financial Pressure due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Family Life and Psychological Well-Being in Korea: Short-Term Longitudinal Impacts and Moderators

연구목적: 본 연구는 코로나19 장기화로 인한 가계경제 악화가 경제생활, 가족생활, 심리적 복지, 가족 및 사회관계망 변화에 차이를 가져왔는지를 파악하고, 가계경제 악화가 심리적 복지에 미치는 영향을 가족 및 사회관계망 자원이 조절하는지를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 2020년 5월과 11월 두 차례에 걸친 온라인조사에 모두 참여한 561명(연령: 20-64세)을 연구대상으로 혼합분산분석과 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과: 1차조사와 2차조사 사이에 가계경제가 악화된 집단은 같은 기간 동안 행복감과 가족탄력성이 낮아졌고, 스트레스 수준은 높아졌다. 반면 가계경제가 유지되었거나 개선된 집단은 주관적 행복감이 오히려 향상되었다. 1차조사에서의 행복과 스트레스를 통제한 상태에서 2차조사 시점의 행복과 스트레스를 각각 종속변수로 하는 회귀분석 결과, 가계경제가 악화된 경우 행복감(2차조사)은 낮았고 스트레스(2차조사) 수준은 높았다. 또한 가계경제 악화와 행복의 관계에서 가족탄력성 및 친구의 지원 두 가지 모두의 조절효과가 유의하였다. 특히 가족탄력성은 가계경제가 행복에 미치는 부정적 영향을 완화하였다. 그러나 가계경제 악화가 스트레스에 미친 영향에 대해서는 조절효과가 발견되지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구결과는 코로나19가 장기화하면서 가계경제 악화 여부에 따른 심리적 측면에서의 양극화가 나타나고 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 악화된 가계경제에 대한 지원과 함께 가족탄력성을 강화하는 가족지원이 필요함을 시사한다. Objectives: This study focuses on changes in family economic conditions caused by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in family life, individual psychological well-being, and relationship resources during COVID-19 depending on whether the economic conditions of the family have negatively been impacted by the pandemic or not. We also examined whether family resilience and support from friends moderated the relationship between economic deterioration and psychological well-being. Method: Data were collected from 561 Koreans (age: 20-64) at two time points in May 2020 (W1) and November 2020 (W2). Mixture ANOVAs and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: Respondents whose family economic situation deteriorated between W1 and W2 reported a decrease in happiness and family resilience, as well as an increase in perceived stress during the same period. In contrast, those whose economic conditions remained the same or improved experienced a slight increase in happiness. The economic deterioration of the family was respectively associated with a lower level of happiness and a higher level of stress at W2 after controlling for happiness and stress at W1. Family resilience and support from friends moderated the association between family economy and happiness, however the moderation effect was not found in the relationship between a decline in family economy and stress. Conclusions: Our results suggest that families with worsened economic situations tend to experience more difficulties in psychological well-being due to the prolonged pandemic although family resilience buffered the negative impact. Policies and family services need to provide financial support and strengthen family resilience particularly for individuals and families whose economic situations have deteriorated during the crisis.N