On Subject-matter of the poem Yuseonaesang by Jeong Ji-yong

This paper aims to make it clear what the subject matter is of the poem Yuseonaesang(流線哀傷) by Jeong Ji-yong(鄭芝溶) and how we can get the proper interpretation of the contexts created by the poet with respect to the subjectmatter of the poem. Various hypothesis have been put forth as to the subject-matter of this poem. Someone says that the subject-matter of the poem is a string musical instrument, and others say that the entity is a duck, a car, a bicycle, or a tobacco pipe, etc. It is obvious that the poem Yuseonaesang is notoriously difficult to understand. Through thorough analysis of the images and contexts of the poem, this paper arrives at the conclusion that the subject-matter of the Jeong Ji-yongs Yuseonaesang substantially is a set of the spectacles which is consisted of a spectacle-case and the glasses itself. It is figuratively represented as a gentleman in a swallow-tailed coat at first. The gentleman indicates the glasses and the swallowtailed coat refers to the spectacle-case. The black shining spectacle-case reminds the poet of the gentleman in a swallow-tailed coat seen from the back. The poet in the poem says that when he opens the spectacle-case, he sees the chromatic semitone key left. The semitone key can be seen to point to the small longish device high above the bottom in the middle of the case for fixing the glasses like a nose. There appears a phrase like this: The poet takes part in a trist procession of some entities whose waist becomes narrow to the degree of losing its width entirely. The animal whose waist seems to be nearly not existent is an ant. The image of an ant calls up the image of mourning badge, due to such shape as both have two roundish cyclic parts and connecting narrow part in the middle. The Korean traditional mourning badge looks like a ribbon in shape. The mourning badge embodies the poets volition to depart from his past when he should have endured the inconvenience due to the bad eyes, like an ant groping the road assiduously. The poet in the poem delights with the joy of seeing well, like a turtle winning in a footrace with the rabbit. This posture implicates the turtles toppling down to the ground, and by this accident the glasses is broken into pieces. The poet says that he lures it out to the flower garden and when he pricks it with a needle, it dies like a butterfly. This means that the poet goes to an opticians with the broken glasses, and the man in the store decomposes the glasses into pieces by a driver like a needle. The glasses takes into leg parts, cyclic parts etc. This is similar to the death of a butterfly, its wing parts and leg parts being apart. The poet Ji-yong in the poem Yuseonaesang does not use the expression which directly suggests the existence of the glasses. Maybe, it might be that he embodies the magic moment at which on wearing the glasses, the existence of the glasses itself vanishes from sight

제4의 판본 소월시집과 '진달래꽃'의 주제에 대하여

본고는 김소월의 시 '진달래꽃'의 주제가 무엇인지를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 논의가 필요한 것은, 그동안 김소월의 '진달래꽃'에 대한 논의가 그야말로 수없이 이루어져 왔음에도 불구하고 그것이 정말로 무엇을 말하고 있는지를 정확히 밝히지 못하고 있다고 생 각되기 때문이다. '진달래꽃'의 주제로 흔히 이야기되고 있는 것은 이별의 정한이다. 이제 는 '진달래꽃'의 주제를 누가 이별의 정한이라고 말하였는지조차 말하기 어려운 상태가 되 었다. 그 주제가 너무나 일반화되어 모든 사람에게 알려져 있기 때문이다. 이별의 정한이라는 주제가 고착된 것은 아마도 '진달래꽃'이 중고등학교 국어나 문학 교과서에 실리게 된 것과 관련된다. 교과서에는 참고서, 자습서가 따르게 되고, 지도서라는 것도 만들어진다. 거기에 '진달래꽃'이 사랑의 프레임으로 분석되고, 그 정형화된 주제가 이 별의 정한이라는 것으로 제시된다. '진달래꽃'이 대학입시에도 출제되었다. 다양한 객관식 문항에는 주제와 미묘하게 결부되는 문항이 주어지는 일이 많다. 주제를 이별의 정한이라고 받아들이지 않으면 정답을 맞힐 수 없다. 이제 '진달래꽃'의 주제는 모든 수험생들이 외워야 하는 대상이 되었다. 그 정답은 이별의 정한이라는 것이고, 다르게 쓰면 틀린다

우리들의 죽지랑 ―이인규 회장의 이임에 생각한다

지금은 아무도 모르고 있지만 신라인들이 정말로 존경하고 사랑한 인물은 죽지랑이다. 그는 득오를 못된 익선의 부역에서 데려오듯 백성들을 하나하나 사랑하였다. 서울대학교 명예교수협의회 이인규 회장의 이임식에서 문득 떠오른 것은 신라의 죽지 장군이다. 그는 소리치는 장군이 아니다. 소리치는 장군은 오히려 김유신이다. 이인규 회장은 소리치는 회장이 아니다. 죽지는 김유신 부대의 부수(副帥)로 삼국(三國)을 통일한 장군이다

On Ku(口) of Hyeolgu-gun(穴口郡) in the Gogureoic Toponym

본고는 고구려 지명 혈구군(穴口郡)의 고구려어 대응 표현 갑비고차(甲比古次) 중 갑비를 다룬 임홍빈(2008)에 이어지는 논문으로, 여기서는 혈구군의 구(口)에 대한 대응 표기 고차(古次)와 관련되는 문제를 검토하기로 한다. 임홍빈(2008)에서는 강화도(江華島)의 고구려 이름 갑비고차(甲比古次)의 갑비(甲比)를 중세어의 /kumu/(穴)에 대응되는 어형으로 보았다. /*kapi~kumu/와의 대응에서 어두의 /k/는 완전한 대응을 보이는 것이며, 어중의 /p~m/의 대응도 상당히 설득력을 가지는 것이다. 임홍빈(2008)에서 /*kapi/는 강화도의 고구려 지명과 관련하여 나루[津]의 의미를 가졌던 것으로 보았다. 나루는 배가 드나드는 혈(穴)이기 때문이다. 본고는 갑비고차에서 그 나머지 부분 즉 고차(古次)가 어떠한 의미와 형태를 가졌던 것인가에 대하여 필자로서 가능한 가설을 제기하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히 알타어 어족 가설에 대하여 이 어휘 항목이 가지는 의의를 중시하고자 한다. This paper attempts to reconstruct the correct form and meaning of the word kocha (古次) that corresponds to ku (口) in the Goguryeoic toponym Hyeolgu-gun (穴口郡) in Samguksagi (三國史記). As to kocha (古次) and the analogous holcha (忽次), a couple of hypothesis have been put forth: Yang (1942, 1965) and Shin (1958) suggested that the words referred to a cape (串) or a promontory (岬), even though they acknowledged that the words were comparable to the Old Japanese *kuti mouth. Lee (1968) saw that the word form kocha (古次) and holcha (忽次) showed dialectal differences in the Gogureoic toponym. On the other hand, Kim(1968) said that the two forms originated from different sources: one originated from the word referring to mouth (口), the other from the word indicating promontory (岬). However, it is dubious that kocha (古次) and holcha (忽次) or Chinese letter ku (口) should always be interpreted as referring to a cape (串) or a promontory (岬) in Gogureoic toponyms. This paper emphasizes that the shape of the mouth of the beasts like tigers, lions, dogs, foxes, cats, etc. are very similar to a cape (串) or promontory (岬) in that the mouth of a beast is lowering from the back jaws to the front, just like a cape (串) or a promontory (岬) heading for the sea. This means that the mouth sense and the cape sense of kocha (古次) or holcha (忽次) form a polysemy, not a homonym in Gogureoic toponym. And this paper suggested that the Goguryeoic word form for kocha (古次) and holcha (忽次) be /*kutsi/, considering the vowel shift and Old Japanese form *kuti, and other altaiic forms indicating mouth. The Altaic lexical entries relative to a semantic category mouth in Starostin et al. (2003) are the forms like *kiāč́ ̀ù, *àgá and *ǎḿ o. Starostin et al. (2003) treats the Old Japanese /*kuti/ at the entry *kiā́čù. However, the Altaic lexical items listed in the entry *kiā́č̀ù in Starostin et al. (2003) cannot be seen to be related with the Old Japanese /*kuti/. The Altaic lexical entries comparable to the Korean mouth might be said the forms listed in the entries like *àgá and *ǎḿ o. It is claimed that the proper item treated in the entry *àgá should be the Korean word /akari/ or /akuri/ indicating the animal's mouth or the entrance of objects. This paper claims that the Altaic varieties could be captured by postulating the Abstract Reconstructed Form (ARF) like *AKVTW, in which *A stands for the initial vowel, *K the first consonant, *V the second vowel, and *T the second consonant, and *W the final vowel

On Hyeol (穴) of Hyeolgu-gun (穴口郡) in the Gogureoic Toponym: From the Genealogical Perspective Relating Goguryeoic to Altaic Languages

This paper attempts to reconstruct the correct form and meaning of the word kappi (甲比) that corresponds to hyeol (穴) in the Goguryeoic toponym Hyeolgu-gun (穴口郡)which appears in Samguksagi (三國史記).Acouple of hypotheses have been put forth on kappi (甲比). Yang (1942/1965) and Shin (1958) simply said that the word represented the middle Korean word form /kumu/ or /kum/, not to mention the peculiarity involved in the toponym. Lee (1968) made it clear that the word in question represented the Goguryeoic language, referring to ravine, gorge, etc. However, it is emphasized that the Chinese letter hyeol (穴) should be read as given. It is undeniable that the letter itself refers to hole, not to ravine, gorge or river. It is natural to see that the word kappi (甲比) corresponding to hyeol (穴) refers to hole in the toponym. The problemis that it is infelicitous to apply the same word to Ganghwa (江華) island, which is located in front of Gyeonggi-bay (京畿灣) in Korean peninsular. Examining the correspondence relations holding between the previous toponyms and the later or revised ones that appear in Volume 34-37 of Samguksagi, this paper reconstructs the word form/*kapi/ that refers to hole, whichwas applied to a ferry point. The original meaning of /*kapi/ referring to hole shows some metaphorical extension in toponym. The correspondence between the second consonant /*p/ of /*kapi/ and the second one /m/ of /kumu/ iswell attested in the comparative linguistics between Goguryeoic and Old Japanese. This paper claims that these kinds of correspondences can be captured by Abstract Reconstructed Form(ARF) like *KVXW, in which *K stands for the initial consonant, *V the first vowel, *X the second consonant, and *W the second vowel. It can be said that the Goguryeoic /*kapi/ shows the predecessor form of the middle Korean form /kumu/ hole. The Altaic lexical entries representing the semantic category hole in Starostin et al. (2003) are the forms like * kŏbú, *kúmi, and *aƞa. Starostin et al. (2003) lists these entries separately in the lexicon.However, this paper claims that the three forms stemfrom the same root. The form *kŏbú is very similar to Goguryeoic /*kapi/ hole, the form *kúmi is very similar to the Middle Korean /kumu/ id., and the form *aƞa is very similar to Japanese /ana/ id. As far as these three forms can be listed under the same heading, the languages like Mongolian, Tungusic, Turkic and Koreanic with Japonic can be claimed to form an unquestionable language family called Altaic, although the Altaic hypothesis is under severe attack fromthe anti-Altaists like J. Janhunen and A. Vovin etc