Single Dose Gadolinium Contrast for 3 T Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI -Intra-individual Comparison with Conventional Double Dose at 1.5 T MRI-

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2015. 2. 이활.Purpose: 3 T late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging is expected to provide comparable image quality to 1.5 T even with reduction of gadolinium contrast, thanks to superior signal to noise ratio and longer T1 relaxation time of normal myocardium. This prospective study was designed to perform intra-individual comparison of 3 T MR with use of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadoterate meglumine to 1.5 T MR with use of 0.2 mmol/kg of the same gadolinium contrast for the assessment of myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a total of ten patients (M:F = 8:2mean age, 62.5 ± 11.8 years) diagnosed as old myocardial infarction were examined at 3 T MR with single dose within two weeks after 1.5 T conventional double dose MR. A single representative short-axis image was acquired at three-time point temporal scans (10 minute, 15 minute and 20 minute) after administration of gadolinium agent (Uniray, gadoterate meglumine, Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd). Two contrast to noise ratios (CNRs) between infarcted and normal myocardium and between infarcted and left ventricular (LV) cavity were calculated and compared intra-individually at each temporal scan. Two independent readers assessed infarct size semiautomatically by using a threshold of 6 standard deviations above the mean signal intensity of the remote myocardium. The interobserver reproducibility was also evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Despite the usage of single dose of gadolinium, the mean values of infarcted myocardium tended to be higher at 3 T MR than 1.5 T MR with double dose at each time scan. 3 T LGE images with the single dose of gadolinium showed no significant difference in CNR between infarcted and normal myocardium at each time scan (all, p > 0.05). The CNR between infarcted myocardium and LV cavity was significantly better at 10 minute scan, compared to that of 1.5 T double dose (12.4 ± 8.2 vs. 7.6 ± 4.5, p = 0.049) but there were no differences at 15 and 20 minute scan. The measurement of relative infarct size was not significantly different between 1.5 T and 3 T MR by both observers 1 and 2 (all, p > 0.05). Interobserver reproducibility was excellent at 3 T single-dose MR (ICC range: 0.962-0.968) and good or excellent at 1.5 T double-dose MR (ICC range: 0.769-0.866). Conclusions: LGE imaging at 3 T with single-dose contrast is as effective as 1.5 T conventional double-dose MR for the delineation of infarcted myocardium from non-infarcted myocardium and is superior for detection of infarcted myocardium from blood cavity at 10 minute scan. Therefore, 3 T LGE imaging using a single dose of gadolinium is expected to not only reduce risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis but also help to delineate subendocardial infarctionIntroduction 1 Materials and Methods 4 Results 8 Discussion 24 Conclusion 29 Acknowledgements 30 References 31 Abstract in Korean 38Maste

Long-term benefits of positive emotions on psyhological, physical and relational well-being

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 심리학과, 2011.8. 최인철.Maste

고추의 저온 유도성 칼모둘린 cDNA 클론의 특성 분석

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :생명과학부,2004.Maste

Characterization of transposon Tn1549 associated with the vanB2 gene cluster in enterococci isolated from Korea

Thesis (master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :수의학과 수의미생물학 전공,2003.Maste

One-Person Household Women’s Problem Drinking in Early Adulthood : Associations with Alcohol Expectancy, Loneliness, Stress, and Depression.

본 연구는 우리나라 여성들의 음주가 증가하는 상황에서 성인초기 1인가구 여성의 혼술을 포함한 문제음주 실태를 파악하고, 성인초기 1인가구 여성의 정신건강요소 및 음주기대와 문제음주간의 관계를 통합적으로 확인하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구의 개념적 기틀은 Bandura (1986)의 사회인지이론(social cognitive theory)을 기반으로 하였으며, 성인초기 1인가구 여성의 인구사회학적 특성, 일반 및 정신건강관련 특성, 음주관련 특성을 조사하였다. 특히 정신관련 요인인 음주기대, 외로움, 스트레스, 우울과 문제음주 수준을 측정하였다. 자료 수집은 2020년 2월 24일부터 4월 6일까지 만 19세 이상에서 40세 미만의 음주력이 있는 1인가구 여성을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 시행하였다. 회수된 450명의 자료 중 음주기대 및 주요변수에 대해 불충분한 응답을 한 100명의 자료를 제외하고 총 350명의 연구 자료를 분석에 사용하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 이용하여 유의수준 .05에서 기술통계, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, binary logistic regression analysis로 분석하였다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구 참여자 350명의 문제음주 평균 점수는 11.73±9.32점이었고, 문제음주군은 전체 참여자의 68.3%인 239명이었다. 문제음주군 관련 요인으로는 참여자가 사회경제적 상태 ‘상’일 때(OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.17~6.92, p = .021), 현재 흡연자(OR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.15~5.73, p = .022)이거나 과거 흡연 경험이 있을 때(OR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.14~9.69, p = .028), 혼술 경험이 있을 때(OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.19~4.73, p = .015), 긍정적 음주 기대가 증가할 때(OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00~1.04, p = .031), 부정적 음주 기대가 증가할 때(OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01~1.06, p < .001), 우울 집단에 속할 때(OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.11~4.00, p = .023) 문제음주군이 될 확률이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 2. 혼술 경험이 있는 291명의 대상자만을 선별하여 혼술 시 문제음주군 관련 요인을 파악한 결과 사회경제적 상태가 '상'일 때(OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.28~13.87, p = .018), 현재 흡연자이거나(OR=3.90, 95% CI: 1.57~9.66, p = .003), 과거 흡연 경험이 있는 자일 때(OR=4.67, 95% CI: 1.50~14.55, p = .008), 부정적 음주 기대가 증가할 때(OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02~1.07, p = .001), 우울 집단에 속할 때(OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.09~4.74, p = .028) 문제음주군이 될 확률이 증가하였다. 음주관련 요인 중에서도 음주 시 주로 혼술을 하는 경우(OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.19~0.87, p = .021), 1회 음주량이 3잔 미만에 비해 3~6잔 음주할 경우(OR=7.11, 95% CI: 2.35~21.54, p = .001), 주당 1회 미만에 비해 1~2회 음주할 경우(OR=4.93, 95% CI: 1.92~12.64, p = .001), 최근 6개월간 혼술량이 증가한 경우(OR=3.03, 95% CI: 1.05~8.77, p = .040) 문제음주군이 될 확률이 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 확인된 성인초기 1인가구 여성의 문제음주 실태와 정신건강 수준, 문제음주군과 관련된 요인을 바탕으로 대상자의 환경적 요소, 정신건강적 요소, 음주 상황을 통합적으로 고려한 예방적 문제음주 중재안의 개발이 필요하다. 특히 지역사회에서 ‘혼술’을 비롯한 1인가구의 특성을 고려한 프로그램을 효과적으로 제공하기 위한 정신건강 간호사의 전략 수립이 필요하다. The aims of this study were to identify the level of one-person household women’s drinking problem in early adulthood and examine the relationships of mental health factors, alcohol expectancy with problem drinking. The conceptual framework is based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory (1986). This study examined the general characteristics including the sociodemographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, drinking-related characteristics and alcohol expectancy, loneliness (Korean version of revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, RULS-K), stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS), depression (Korean version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised, K-CESD-R), and problem drinking level (Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, AUDIT-K). The data were collected through an online survey of one-person women aged 19 to under 40 from February 24 to April 6, 2020. Total 450 data were collected and 350 data, were analyzed after excluding 100 incomplete responses. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, binary logistic regression were conducted using SPSS 25.0 program. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1. The average score of problem drinking on the AUDIT-K was 11.73±9.32, and the problem drinking group was 239 participants (68.3%) of the total 350 participants. The regression model shows that socioeconomic status ‘high’ (OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.17~6.92, p = .021), current smoker (OR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.15~5.73, p = .022), previous smoker (OR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.14~9.69, p = .028), past experience of solitary drinking (OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.19~4.73, p = .015), positive alcohol expectancy (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00~1.04, p = .031), negative alcohol expectancy (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01~1.06, p < .001), and depressed group (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.11~4.00, p = .023) are all positively associated with the problem drinking group. 2. Additional a binary regression analysis was conducted by selecting 291 participants who had experience of solitary drinking. As a result, the socioeconomic status 'high' (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.28~13.87, p = .018), current smokers (OR=3.90, 95% CI: 1.57~9.66, p = .003), previous smokers (OR=4.67, 95% CI: 1.50~14.55, p = .008), negative alcohol expectancy (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02~1.07, p = .001), and the depression group (OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.09~4.74, p = .028) were positively related to the problem drinking group. Our study findings show the significance of mental health factors related to problem drinking in one-person household young women. Based on the results of this study, we should develop interventions to prevent problem drinking by comprehensively considering environmental factors, mental health factors and drinking context of one-person household women in early adulthood.open석