A Comparative Study of Panax Ginseng Fractions Effect on Histamine and Serotonin Liberation.

Saponin. non-saponin and oil fractions were separatively extracted from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer. and a comparative study was made on their effect to Histamine and Serotonin liberation. and to rabbits blood pressure and respiration. Saponin fraction transitorily decreased rabbits blood pressure slightly and gave no effect to its respiration. Non-saponin fraction also transitorily decreased its blood pressure less than saponin fraction. Oil fraction prolonged its blood pressure falling-down even with small dose. similar to the effect of alcohol extract of panax ginseng. and increased its respiration. Saponin and oil fractions brou앙ht about the phenomenon of tachyphylaxis. Saponin and oil fractions remarkably increased capillarie permeability phenomenon. Only non-saponin fraction made histamine liberation from rats hind-quarter perfusate. which was confirmed by bioassay method. Ginseng saponin had less fish poison action and hemolysis phenomenon than gypsophila saponin. Ginseng fractions liberated Serotonin during rabbits brain perfusion, and incredsed Serotonin content in rats venous blood except oil fraction , and decreased Serotonin content in rat instestine. Ginseng fractions increased the Serotonin content of Iproniazid treated rat blood in vivo , and also increased the 5-Hydroxy Tryptophane Decarboxylase activity of rat kidney in vitro experiment. Ginseng fractions increased the amount of 5-Hydroxy Indol Acetic Acid urinaly excretion except oil fraction. Ginseng fractions decreased the numbers of Entero Chromaffin cells in proportion to the decrease of the Serotonin content in rats intestine

Cooperative spectrum sharing in secondary multicast network

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기. 컴퓨터공학부, 2011.2. 이병기.Maste

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Oral Bacampicillin and Ampicillin

Bacampicillin is a oral prodrug which is rapidly 'Converted to ampicillin during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. It is much more lipophilic than ampicillin by the substitution at the ampicillin thia' zolidine carboxy group. Bacampicillin orally was compared pharmacokinetically with oral ampicillin. Single usual oral doses of bacampicillin HCl (400mg) and ampicillin trihydrate (500mg) were given to 8 healthy subjects on a cross-over randomized basis Data \vere interpreted in terms of a single compart· mental open model. After administration of bacampicillin, much higher and sharper peaks (4. l6±0. 52 ug!m1) was achieved in serum, compared with ampicillin (2. 90±1. 02 ug! ml). Peak levels were observed at O. 69±0. 18 hr with bacampicillin and at 1. 82±0. 36 hr with ampiciUin. As to differences in pharmacokinetic nature between the two drugs , the main ones were the lag· time before absorption, absorption rate and bioavail· ability. The apparent lag-time before absorption was longer for oral ampicillin (0.47±0.17 hr) than for bacampicillin (0. 24±0.15 hr). Intestinal absorption of bacampicillin was found to be faster(about 6 times in rate) and more complete than that of amp· icillin , yielding an increase in bioavailability 6696 on an equimolar basis as measured by the area under the serum levels of curves

Roles of Catecholamines in the Regulation of Stress-induced Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal(HPA) axis Stimulation

It is generally recognized that central nervous 1; ystem plays an essential role in the regulation of synthesis and release of ACTH. It is now firmly estabilished that the hypothalamus is the focal point at which neural stimuli converge to influence the secretion of ACTH, and the median eminence is regarded as the final common path through which information is transmitted to the anterior pituitary. In recent years, efforts have been directed toward and progress has been made in identifying some of the neurotransmitters that control the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Among them, monoaminergic neural systems in the hypothalmic control of pituitary function have been widely studied. A possible role of brain catecholamines in the regulation of ACTH secretion has been con sidered by numerous investigators. The cate cholamines are not per se the hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factors (Saffran and Schal1y, 1966; Guillemin and Rosenberg, 1965; Martini et aI. , 1960; Fischer and Moriarty, 1977) . Several groups of investigators have reported increased adrenal corticosteroid secretion following the injection of catecholamines directly into the brain (Endrocozi et aI. , 1963; Krieger and Krieger, 1966). On the other hand numerous studies have failed to support an excitatory role of brain catecholamines in the regulation of ACTH secretion but have led to the opposite (Smelik, 1967; Carr and Moore , 1968; Van Loon et aI. , 1971a,b,c; Scapagnini et aI. , 1970, 1971; Ganong et aI., 1976; Ganong, 1977; Buckingham and Hodges , 1977; Steiner and Grahame-Smith, 1980) . This study was undertaken to try to clarify the role of catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine) in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical response to stress. Thε aims of the present study ￦ere to check the kinetic parameters of turnover of catecholamines as well as steady state concentrations before and after ether stress

Study of the Pseudocholinesterase in Korean

Serum cholinesterase activities using benzoylcholine as substrate have been measured in 1,284 patients admitted at Seoul National University Hospital during May, 1977 to March , 1978. Dibucaine numbers and fluoride numbers have been determined in all cases Total serum cholinesterase activities in 1.216 patil'llts who have HonnaI DN and FN si lO 、"cd 128.96+ ~~. IS pmolc/ml ~crum/hr. Phenotypic distribution of DNs was found to be normal=95.64% , intermediate =3.5%, atypical=0.78% and FNs was found to be normal 97.20%, intermediate=2.18%, atypical=O. 62%. The frequency of the atypical gene of DN as calculated from these data by applying Hardy-Weinberg Law was 0.025

The Effect of Ginseng Saponin on the Activity of Hepatic Microsomal Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme System in Mouse

A study was carried out to observe the influence of gins(:ng on the activity of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system in mOUS2 liver. GiJ1s,~ng saponin fraction, when given to male -dult C;;IJf mice for 7 days in the dosages of 10 mg ikg and lOOmg/kg, stimulated the metabolism of zoxaz olami nc by the l i vcr 9000 Xg supernatant, but it did not affect the rate of pentobarbital metabolism. The duration of zoxazolami nc paralvsis as "...·ell as panto barbital hypnosis in the intact animal, however, somewhat shortened by ginseng saponin. It was found that pretreatment of mouse with ginseng saponin caused an increase in the activity of hepatic microsomal enzyme system which metabolizes zoxazolamine and was paralled in vivo by a shortened duration of zoxazolamine paralysis. The ability of ginseng saponin to shorten the duration of pentobarbital hypnosis in the intact mice was not paralled by a pentobarbital metabolism by the liver 9000X g supernatant. 1t can not be excluded from this point that the central stimulant effect of ginseng may functionally antagonize the hypnotic action of pentobarbital

Effects of ginseng components on theactions of oxygen radicals to gelation of skin collagen

most types of cellular macromolecules. These radicals can be formed as products from altered cellular metabolism in certain pathologic states or by radiation energy. Consequently, their destructive action to many biological compounds are suggested to play roles in tissue damage under various pathologic conditions including aging phenomenon Cutaneous tissue may be one of the tissues that are constantly subject to attack of the oxygen radicals because it has more chances to be exposed to Iadia tion than others. Recently, degradative action of oxygen radicals have been demonstrated on collagen and proteoglycan which are major components of skin tissue. Thus, the oxygen radicals in this tissue are suggested to participate in aging as well as other degradative changes. In view of the recent reports showing that ginseng components have antioxidant effect and quenching action to an organic radical, it is of interest to see effects of ginseng components on oxidative process by oxygen radicals to assess their actions with regard to their protective effects on tissue damage In the present study, effects of ginseng components, were observed on inhibition of gelation of skin collagen by oxygen radicals generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, and quenching effects of the components on each oxygen radical were also observed to elucidate their mechanism of antioxidant effect observed in the present study. The results were as follows. 1. Collagen gelation was inhibited by treatment with xanthine and xanthine oxidase 2. The inhibited gelation was recovered by total extract of ginseng. The protective effect on gelation was observed with nonsaponin fraction , not with saponin fraction 3. But collagen gelation and xanthine oxidase by themselves were not affected by ginseng components used. 4. Among the oxygen radicals suggested to be produced in the xanthine oxidase system, total extract showed quenching action to 'a" although the action was not so remarkable as that of other 102 quenchers. This effect was observed with nonsaponin fraction The results suggest that ginseng components have protective effect on collagen alteration induced by oxygen radicals and this effect may be attributed to 102 quenching action of nonsaponin fraction of gmsen

The Efficacy of Vibramycin Precon PT-122M in various infections in OB-GYN

The clinical efficacy of Vibramycin Precon PT-122 M on various infections in OB-GYN was studied. The aims of this study are determination of local and systemic tolerance of PT-122M intravenous administration and also determination of side effect as well as the clinical efficacy. 1. The over-all efficacy of this intravenous formulation of Vibramycin was good and satisfactory in 92% of patients studied. 2. Most of patients(82%) were considered to be tolerated to this intravenous Vibramycin. 3. Several side effects were observed. but in most patients the disease process and treatment were not influenced by side effects, except six patients in whom the treatment had to be discontinued

Studies on the Antimicrobic Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae isolated from Doctorless Areas and Seoul Nattonal University Hospital

58 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from residents of doctor!ess areas in Korea from 1976 to 1977 and 67 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital from 1975 to 1977 were examined for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobics by agar dilution method. The susceptibility of two groups to each antimicrobics were compared and incidence of resistant strains in each antimicrobics, incidence of multiple resistant strains and correlations in the antimicrobic susceptibility of 125 strains of K. pneumoniae among 14 antimicrobics were analyzed. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The mean MIC of Ampicillin, Tetracyline, Oxytetracycline, Kanamycin and Streptomycin to the K. pneumoniae isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital were 2. 1 to 2.8 times higher than those to the K. pneumoniae isolated from residents of doctorless areas. 2. The mean MIC of Penicillin, Doxycycline and Cotrimoxazole to the K. pneumoniae isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital were 1. 4 to 1. 7 times higher than those to the K. pneumoniae isolated from residents of doctorless areas. 3. Tl:ere wcre no significant differences in suscep· tibility to Carbenicillin, Cephalexin, Minocycline, Gentamicin, and Erythromycin respectively between K. pneumoniae isolated from patients of Seoul Nationa! University Hospital and those from residents of doctorless arease. 4. Incidence of resistant strains In K. pneumoniae isolated from Seoul National University Hospital was the highest with Troleandomycin (100%) and Erythromycin (100%) followed by Carbenicillin (94.0%), Penicillin (53.7%), Minocycline (46.3%), Ampicillin (44. %), Oxytetracycline (23.9%), Tetracycline(22.4 %), Doxycycline (20.9%), Streptomycin (22%), Kanamycin (16.4%), Gentamicin (7.4%), Cephalexin (1. 5%) and Cotrimoxazole (0%). 5. Frequency of resistant strain in K. pneumoniae isolated from residents of doctorless areas was the highest with Troleandomycin (100%) and Erythromycin (100%) followed by Carbenicillin (98.3%), Penicillin (44.8%), Minocycline (29.3%), Ampicillin (22.4%), Doxycycline (1. 7%), Cephal exin (1. 7%), Tetracycline (0%), Oxytetracycline (0%), Kanamycin (0%), Gentamicin (0%), Streptomycin (0%) and Cotrimoxazole (0%). There were significant differences in the incidence of resistant strains between two groups of K. pneumoniae with Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Minecycline, Kanamycin, Gentamicin and Streptomycin (p<0.05). 6. In study with Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin. Tetracycline, Minocycline, Cephalexin, and Cotrirnoxasole, there were no multiple resistant strains in K. pneumoniae isolated from doctorless areas, while 23 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital showed multiple resistance. 7. There were high correlation in susceptibility of 125 strains of K. pneumoniae among Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Doxycycline (correlation coefficient O. 87~0. 94), but there were relatively low correlation in susceptibility between Minocycline and other 3 tetracvclines (Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Doxycycline). Correlation coefficient of susceptibility among penicillin analogues (Penicillin, Ampicillin and Carbenicillin) ranged between O. 30~0. 78. Correlation coefficient of susceptibility between Streptomycin and 3 tetracyclines (Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Doxycycline) ranged between O. 76~ 0.82. Correlation coefficient of susceptibility between Kanamycin and Streptomycin were 0.84

Studies on the Antimicrobic Susceptibility of S. Pneumoniae isolated from Doctorless areas and Seoul.

64 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from the residents of doctorless areas in Korea from Aug. 1976 to Jan. 1977 and 62 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from the children in Seoul at Mar, 1977 were examined for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobics by agar dilution method. The susceptibility of two groups to each antimicrohies were compared and incidence of resistant strains in each antimicrobics and correlation in the antimicrobic susceptibility of 126 strains of S. pneumoniae among 14 antimicrobics were analyzed. 1. The mean MIC's of Carbenicillin and Kanamycin to the S. pneumoniae isolated from Seoul were 9.8 and 1. 7 times higher than those to the S. pneumoniae isolated from doctoress areas respectively. 2. There were no significant differences in susceptibility to Penicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline. Doxycycline, Minocycline, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Cotrimoxazole, and Troleandomycin respectively between S. pneumoniae isolated from doctorless areas and Seoul. 3. Incidence of resistant strains in S. pneumoniae isolated from doctorless areas was the highest with KanamycinC79.7%) followed by TetracyclineC73. 3%), Oxytetracycline(67.2%), Streptomycin(48.4%) Doxycycline( 42.0%) Minocycline(31. 3%), Gentamicin (28.1%), Carbenicillin (4. 7%) CotrimoxzoleC3.1%), Troleandomycin(I. 6%), and Cephalexin(I. 6%). There were no strains resistant to Penicillin. Ampicillin, or Erythromycin. 4. Incidence of resistant strains in S. pneumoniae isolated from Seoul was the highest with Kanamycin (90.3%). followed by Tetracyc1ine(87.0%) CarbenicillinC74.2%), Oxytetracyc1ineC66. 2%), Streptomycin (61. 3%), Minocycline(33.8%), Gentamicin (24. 2%), and Doxycycline(3. 2%). There were no strains resistant to Penicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Cotrimoxazole, or Troleandomycin. 5. There were significant differences in the incidence of resistant strains between two groups of S. pneumoniae with Carbenicillin and Doxycycline. 6. There were high correlation in susceptibility of 126 strains of S. pneumoniae among Tetracyline, Oxytetracycline. Doxycycline and Minocyclnet correlation coefficient ranged between 0.86 to 0.95), but there were no significant correlation in susceptibility of S. pneumoniae among Penicillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, and Cephalexin(correlation coefficient ranged between O. 01 to O. 38). Correlation coeffieient of susce-ptibility of S. pneumoniae between Kanamycin and Streptomycin was 0.68