81 research outputs found

    CHANGES OF THE HYOID BONE POSITION AND THE UPPER AIRWAY DIMENSION AFTER ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY IN SKELETAL CLASS III PATIENTS

    Get PDF
    After orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients, the hyoid bone position and the upper airway dimension could be changed due to mandibular setback. There has been many studies about airway dimension of the patients with skeletal class II malocclusion or obstructive sleep apnea. but not with skeletal class III. The purpose of this study was to examine the change of position of the hyoid bone and the consequent change of airway space as the result of retrusion of mandible after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Cl III malocclusion patients. It is also to apply this results in predicting, diagnosing and treating the subsequent obstructive sleep apnea. Forty patients who were diagnosed as skeletal Cl III maloccusion, received orthoganthic surgery of both jaws including mandibular setback, and were followed up post-operatively for more than 6 months were selected. There were 10 male patients 30 female patients. The preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms were traced and the distances and angles were measured. The nasopharyngeal space increased postoperatively while the oropharyngeal space decreased. Except for the change of oroparyngeal space, the changes in male patients were greater than female patients. The hyoid bone moved in the posterior-inferior direction, and the change was greater in males than in females. If the postoperative mandibular setback is great, then a significant decrease of airway space and posterior and inferior movement of the hyoid bone were observed. This can result in symptoms related to obstructive sleep apnea. This result should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthognathic surgery patients.ope

    Iatrogenic epidermoid cyst in the parotid gland: A case report

    Get PDF
    Epidermoid cysts presents as a nodular and fluctuant subcutaneous lesion beneath the skin and are most common in acne-prone areas of the head, neck and back. This cyst often arises after localized inflammation of the hair follicle and occasionally after the implantation of epithelium following trauma and surgery including a biopsy procedure. It is often associated with Gardner syndrome, particularly before puberty. The lesion is normally treated by a surgical excision or enucleation, and recurrence is uncommon. A 27 year old woman complained of a swelling of the left parotid gland when she visited our clinic. A cystic lesion was found in the left parotid gland from the high signal intensity on the MR images. Ultrasonography showed that the cystic lesion was heterogeneous echogenic. Six months earlier, botulinum toxin was injected in her left masseter muscles six months earlier and progressive swelling of the left parotid area was noticed four months after treatment. The lesion was surgically removed. It was encapsulated by a thin wall and filled mainly with keratin. The final diagnosis was an epidermoid cyope

    Open Reduction of Mandibular Condyle Fracture Via Preauricular Approach

    Get PDF
    Purpose: Anatomical reduction of the fractured condylar process is an important prerequisite for re-establishing function. The authors reported about effectiveness of transoral approach for mandibular subcondyle fracture using trochar device in cases that the fracture line is below the reference line, the perpendicular line of the longitudinal axis of condylar process passing the lowest point of sigmoid notch. As a serial study, we report the open reduction via preauricular approach for mandibular condyle fracture, in cases that the fracture line is above the reference line. Patients and Methods: Sixteen condylar fractures of 15 adult patients were divided two groups and treated by open reduction via preauricular approach (8 cases) or by closed reduction (8 cases). The degree of maximal mouth opening, occlusion, anatomical reduction, condylar resorption and complications were assessed and evaluated for the two groups. Results: The open reduction of condyle via preauricular approach leads to good results without permanent complications. Anatomical reduction of open reduction group and maximal mouth opening range of the closed reduction group is significantly better than the other group. No significant differences were found in the condylar resorption and the occlusion. Conclusion: The preauricular approach was useful to reduce and fix the condylar fragment, in cases that the fracture line is above the reference line.ope

    EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS IN RETRODISCAL TISSUE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER PATIENTS

    Get PDF
    Those composing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex such as the temporal bone, the disc and the mandibular condyle perform their own functions with organic relation. The retrodiscal tissue is the main area of pain induction and contributes to compositional change of synovial fluid. If displacement of the disc lasts long time, not only adaptive changes, but also destructive or degenerative changes may happen. It was reported that these changes and symptoms appear mostly to female rather than male and especially, in the case of patients suffering from TMJ disorder, a large quantity of female sex hormone is found in the joint synovium. And that may play a role in bone resorption and inflammation. Also, the frequency and the intensity of pain perception for female is reported to be much more than for male. In this study, we investigated the expression extents of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesteron receptors (PR) in retrodiscal tissue with immunohistochemistry among the patients received TMJ surgery and compared with MRI findings and surgical findings. We report the relations between the expression of ER in retrodiscal tissue and the pathological change in TMJ, such as inflammation, internal derangement and osteoarthritisope

    Analysis of treatment patterns of temporomandibular disorders

    Get PDF
    Introduction: This study examined the treatment patterns of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) including conservative and surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: Patients with TMD who visited Gangnam Severance Hospital from June 2007 to May 2008 were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined from the orthopantomogram, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tomography, and a clinical examination. The patients who required a further evaluation were examined by magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography. The treatment patterns were divided into counseling, medication, splint therapy, botulinum toxin injection (BTI) and surgical treatment. Results: Among the 2,464 patients, the average age was 31.8 years (ranging from 6 to 93); 764 (31.0%) were male and 1,700 (69.0%) were female. 2,355 (95.6%) patients were treated with conservative therapy; 1,460 (62.0%) patients were treated with medication, 931 (39.5%) patients were treated with splint, and 46 (2.0%) were treated with BTI. There were 109 (4.4%) patients treated surgically. Eight (0.3%) patients were treated with total temporomandibular joint replacement surgery. Conclusion: Almost all patients with TMD were treated using conservative methods. Those patients who received surgical treatment because of an ineffective response to conservative treatment had definite problems with the internal derangement and/or osteoarthritis or had severe clinical symptomsope

    VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT : A CASE REPORT

    Get PDF
    Villonodular synovitis, also called pigmented villonodular synovitis, is the benign lesion with the characteristic of locally aggressive proliferation of mononuclear histiocyte and giant cell. Typically it involves single joint, especially about 80% of disease occurs in the knee joint. Villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint is very rare disease. Differential diagnosis includes synovial chondromatosis and tumors of the temporomandibular joint. Optimal treatment consists of complete excision of the mass and removal of the synovium including adjacent affected bony structures. This is a case report of villonodular synovitis developed in the temporomandibular jointope

    (The) patterns of the temporomandibular joint internal derangement according to the shapes of the mandibular condyle and ramu

    No full text
    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ธก ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜๊ณผ ์ „ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ๊ณผ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…์žฅ์• ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์™€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€ ์ชฝ์˜ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…์žฅ์•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ด์— ๋ณธ์› ํ„ฑ๊ด€์ ˆ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๊ทผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์™€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผ๋‘์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฐ ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜์•…์ง€์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€์นญ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 1๊ตฐ), ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด๋งŒ ์งง์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 2๊ตฐ), ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๋‘๊ป˜๋งŒ ์–‡์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 3๊ตฐ), ํ•˜์•…์ง€๊ธธ์ด๋งŒ ์งง์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 4๊ตฐ), ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 5๊ตฐ), ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด์™€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 6๊ตฐ), ์„ธ ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 7๊ตฐ)์˜ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์›ํŒ์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์™€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“ค๊ณผ ์•…๊ด€์ ˆ๋‚ด์žฅ์ฆ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์™€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜์•…์ง€์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๋‘์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋” ์ž‘์€ ์ชฝ์˜ ๋น„๋ณต์›์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ˆ์›ํŒ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์งง์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์–‡๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์•…์ง€๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์งง์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด ์ขŒ์šฐ์ธก ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋™์ธก์—์„œ ๋น„๋ณต์›์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ˆ์›ํŒ ๋ณ€์œ„์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด๋งŒ ์งง์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 2๊ตฐ), ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 5๊ตฐ), ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด์™€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 6๊ตฐ), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๋‘๊ธธ์ด, ๊ณผ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๋‘๊ป˜, ํ•˜์•…์ง€๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์ œ 7๊ตฐ)์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์„ธ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘์€ ์ œ 7๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ดํ™˜์ธก์˜ ๋น„๋ณต์›์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ˆ์›ํŒ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ 93.3%๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.ํ•˜์•…์ง€์™€ ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…์žฅ์• ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…์žฅ์•  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋“ฑ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] There have been many reports about the close correlation with the temporomandibular disorder(TMD) and the mandibular asymmetry caused by the deformation of the mandible. Some studies have shown that the more frequent TMD is associated with the deformed small mandible and the more aggravated one is connected with the more deformed asymmetry.The panoramic radiography is a device widely used in the dental fields and it has advantage in addition to the low cost that the whole mandible and the both temporomandibular joint(TMJ)s are seen on single film, so we can compare the structural changes of the both sides. However even if some morphologic changes and asymmetry could be found on panoramic radiography, there has been no clear standard for evaluation of TMD in relation to the shapes of the mandible or the extent of the asymmetry except the vague recognition about those relationship and the problem possibility in small side.So this study divided the asymmetric mandibular shapes on the panoramic radiography into 7 groups in TMD patients: the symmetric cases(Group 1), the asymmetric condylar length cases(Group 2), the asymmetric condylar neck width cases(Group 3), the asymmetric ramal length cases(Group 4), the asymmetric condylar length and condylar neck width cases(Group 5), the asymmetric condylar length and ramal length cases(Group 6), and the all asymmetric cases(Group 7). And then the correlation between the mandibular shapes and the TMJ internal derangement was evaluated by investigating the disc positions in both TMJs of each group on the magnetic resonance imaging.The short side with the asymmetric condylar length cases showed the high incidence of the anterior disc displacement without reduction(ADsR). On the other hand, no statistical significance was found in the asymmetric cases of the condylar neck width or the ramal length. And the more the additional asymmetry with the condylar neck width and the ramal length besides the condylar length asymmetry increased the extent of the total asymmetry, the higher the ADsR incidence became. It was arranged group 2, group 5, group 6, and group 7 in the incidence order. Especially, Group 7 showed the highest incidence of ADsR in the short side(93.3%).The shapes of the mandibular condyle and mandibular ramus showed the close correlation to TMD and the panoramic radiography could be very helpful in the practical uses such as the early diagnosis and the decision for treatment plans of TMD patients by considering the each groups.restrictio

    Drawing the Emotion of Loss and Absence

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ์ž„์žํ˜.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ์ •์— ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ๋ณต์žก ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์˜๋„์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ด์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ , ๋ฌด์˜์‹์  ์ •ํ™ฉ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ์žฅ(ๅ ด)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ง‰์—ฐํžˆ ๋Š๋ผ๋˜ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ •์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด์ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ฆ‰ ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ฌดํ‘œ์ •ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ด๋ฆ„ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒ™์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌดํ‘œ์ •ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์šธ ์†์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“ฏ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ป์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„์œ ์  ์†Œ์žฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํƒ€์ž(ไป–่€…)๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ž„์˜๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ง•ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ํ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ช…๋„์˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ช…๋ฃŒ์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํ˜น์€ ์ข…์ด์˜ ํฐ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด๋‚˜ ํŒ๋ฉด์˜ ์š”์ฒ  ์œ„๋กœ ์—ท๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํฌ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ณผ(๏ฆ„้Ž)ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํŒํ™”์˜ ์œ ๋ น์ƒ(ๅนฝ้ˆๅƒ, ghost image)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๋„๋Š”, ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฃŒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ฝํ™”(ๅผฑๅŒ–)ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ํ๋ฆฟํ•จ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฎ์•„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ , ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„ ์ž์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํŒŒ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•Œ์•„์ฑŒ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 โ…ก. ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 1. ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ 4 2. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ด์ฒด์„ฑ 7 3. ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ 10 โ…ข. ์กด์žฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์žฌ 17 1. ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด 18 2. ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ 25 โ…ฃ. ํ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 36 1. ์ƒ‰์˜ ์†Œ๊ฑฐ 37 2. ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ 40 3. ์œ ๋ น์ƒ 50 4. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 59 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  62 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ๋ก 65 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 67 Abstract 69Maste
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore