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    보상 μ—°κ΄€ ν•™μŠ΅ λ™μ•ˆμ— λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ•Ό λ„νŒŒλ―Ό λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ D2R λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ c-fos λ°œν˜„μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : μžμ—°κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ • λ‡Œκ³Όν•™μ „κ³΅, 2023. 2. 강봉균.ο»ΏVentral tegmental area (VTA) is well known for the source of reward-associated dopamine (DA). VTA dopaminergic neurons are strongly connected to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopaminergic receptor-expressing neurons. NAc dopamine receptor-expressing neurons are composed of dopamine D1 receptors-medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) and D2R-MSNs. In the classical view, these two populations of neurons have shown opposite functions. D1R-MSNs process rewarding behavior, whereas D2R-MSNs mediate aversive responses. However, recent studies show that D2R-MSNs also contribute to rewarding behaviors. This study focuses on neuronal activity in VTA dopaminergic neurons and NAc D2R-MSNs and aims to provide information on the IEG activity dynamics of these neurons during reward-associated learning. The relationship between dopamine release and IEG activity remains elusive so this study will help understand the relationship between dopamine and reward-associated learning in the cellular level. As a behavioral experiment, we chose an autoshaping task in which rewards were delivered only after exposure to a specific visual cue. We investigated the IEG activity of VTA TH neurons and NAc D2R-MSNs at 3 time points during the learning task. There are 1) the last training day, 2) the day after the training is completed, and 3) the early learning stage in which the mice have the propensity to approach a specific visual cue. Trained mice showed increased fos activity in the VTA and NAc regions compared to the control mice. TH neurons in the VTA are highly activated during the early learning stage. In contrast, NAc D2R neurons in the trained group showed increased activity when reward-associated memory was formed. In conclusion, this result suggests that VTA TH and NAc D2R neurons participate in reward-associated learning and have different activity patterns during reward-associated memory formation.ο»Ώλ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ˜μ—­μ€ 보상 μ—°κ΄€ λ„νŒŒλ―Όμ„ λ°©μΆœν•˜λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ˜μ—­ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό 수용체 λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό 수용체 λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ D1 수용체λ₯Ό 가진 λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό D2 수용체λ₯Ό 가진 λ‰΄λŸ°μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. 고전적 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ, 이 두 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ λ°˜λŒ€μ μΈ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ§€κ°œν•œλ‹€κ³  받아듀여지고 μžˆλ‹€. D1R λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ 보상관련 행동을, D2R λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ 혐였적 λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ§€κ°œν•œλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 졜근 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ D2R λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ 보상 κ΄€λ ¨ 행동에도 참여함이 λ°ν˜€μ§€κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ•Ό λ„νŒŒλ―Ό λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ D2R λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ ν™œμ„±μ„ μ€‘μ μœΌλ‘œ, 보상 κ΄€λ ¨ ν•™μŠ΅λ™μ•ˆμ— μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ ν™œμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό λ°νžˆλŠ”λ° λͺ©μ μ„ 두고 μžˆλ‹€. λ„νŒŒλ―Όκ³Ό IEG ν™œμ„± κ°„μ˜ κ΄€κ³„λŠ” 아직 λ°ν˜€μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  λ³Έ 연ꡬ가 세포적 λ ˆλ²¨μ—μ„œ 보상 κ΄€λ ¨ ν•™μŠ΅ λ™μ•ˆμ— λ„νŒŒλ―Όμ˜ 역할을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 행동 μ‹€ν—˜μœΌλ‘œμ¨ νŠΉμ • μžκ·Ήμ—λ§Œ 보상이 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” autoshaping을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•™μŠ΅ κ³Όμ •λ™μ•ˆ 3가지 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ˜μ—­ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό D2 수용체 λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ IEG ν™œλ™μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆλ‹€. 3가지 μ‹œμ μ€ 1) λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ ν›ˆλ ¨μΌ, 2) ν›ˆλ ¨μ΄ λλ‚œ λ‹€μŒλ‚ , 3)μ₯κ°€ νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°μ  μ‹ ν˜Έμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯성을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 초기 ν•™μŠ΅ 단계닀. ν›ˆλ ¨λœ λ§ˆμš°μŠ€λŠ” λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° λ§ˆμš°μŠ€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ˜μ—­κ³Ό μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ fos ν™œμ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ˜μ—­ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ 초기 ν•™μŠ΅ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ¦κ°€λœ ν™œμ„±, μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ D2R λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ 보상 κ΄€λ ¨ 기얡이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ¦κ°€λœ ν™œμ„±μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 결둠적으둜, λ³Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ€ λ³΅μΈ‘ν”Όκ°œμ˜μ—­ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό μΈ‘μ’Œν•΅ D2R λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ 보상 κ΄€λ ¨ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λ©°, 보상 μ—°κ΄€ 기얡이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν™œμ„± νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€.ο»ΏListofFigures 2 Abstract 3 Introduction 5 ο»ΏMaterialsandMethods 10 ο»ΏResults 14 ο»ΏFigures 20 ο»ΏDiscussion 41 ο»ΏReferences 43 ο»ΏAbstractinKorean 49석

    εœ–ζ›Έθ²»εΉ½εŽ

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    ν˜ˆκ΄€ λ‚΄ν”Ό 세포와 ν‰ν™œκ·Ό 세포에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 호λͺ¨μ‹œμŠ€ν…ŒμΈμ˜ μž‘μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 비ꡐ 연ꡬ

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    Thesis (master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό 내과학전곡,2000.Maste

    Forkhead 전사 인자인 FOXO3a의 ν˜ˆκ΄€ λ‚΄ν”Ό 세포 고사 μœ λ„ κΈ°μ „

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    Thesis(doctoral)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό 내과학전곡,2006.Docto

    κ°„μ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ²½ν—˜, 지식, νƒœλ„μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ°„ν˜Έν•™κ³Ό κ°„ν˜Έν•™μ „κ³΅,2006.Maste

    Essential characteristics of policy balance in confucian philosophy

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    μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ˜ κ°œλ…μ  λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ μ •μ±…μ˜ 인과관계와 이에 λ”°λ₯Έ λ°°λΆ„μ˜ κ²°κ³Ό 등을 κ³Όν•™μ μ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ 윀리적으둜 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ κ²°μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μˆ˜μ •ν•˜κ³  보정할 수 μžˆλŠ” 이성적 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό νŒλ‹¨μ΄λΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 이와 같은 μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ΄ ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ‹€μ²œλ˜λŠ” λ˜λŠ” 될 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ„ 동양사상인 μœ κ΅μ‚¬μƒμ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ μœ κ΅μ‚¬μƒμ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜ν•œ κΈ°λ³Έμ΄μœ λŠ” 무엇보닀도 물리적 κ· ν˜•μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ· ν˜•(equilibrium) 이둠이 μ•„λ‹Œ 정신적이고 심리적 μƒνƒœμ˜ κ· ν˜•(balance)κΉŒμ§€λ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 유ꡐ적 접근방법이 μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ λ”μš± λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 유ꡐ적 접근방법이 μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ λ”μš± λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λŠ ν•œνŽΈμ— μΉ˜μš°μΉ˜κ±°λ‚˜ νŽΈν˜‘λ˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 정신적이고 심리적 κ°œλ…μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ μœ κ΅μ‚¬μƒμ˜ 쀑심좕인 쀑도(용)μ‚¬μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 즉 ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ€‘λ„μ˜ μ‹€μ²œλŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό 정도에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μ •μ±…μ£Όμ²΄μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό 자질이 ν‰κ°€λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 쀑도(용)λ₯Ό κ· ν˜•κ°œλ…μ˜ 본질둜 νŒŒμ•…ν–ˆλ‹€. 이와 같은 쀑도관은 μœ κ΅μ‚¬μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 쀑도λ₯Ό μ‹€μ²œν•˜λŠ” ꡰ자의 μˆ˜μ‹ λ‘ μœΌλ‘œ μ§‘λŒ€μ„±λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 그리고 쀑둠적 κ· ν˜•κ³Ό 그의 μ‹€μ²œλŠ₯λ ₯인 κ· ν˜•κ°κ°μ΄ ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”λ˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ λ™μ–‘κ³ μ „μ—μ„œ μ·¨κΈ‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 μ‹€μ²œμ  μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ˜ 본질둜 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이와 같은 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ΄λ‘  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μœ κ΅μ‚¬μƒμ˜ μ ‘κ·Όλ°©λ²•μ—μ„œλ„ 초보적이고 μ‹œλ‘ μ μ΄λ‹€. λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ΄λ‘ μ΄ 보닀 논리적이고 μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ •λ¦½λ˜κ³  λ°œλ‹¬λ˜λ©΄μ„œ 이에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μœ κ΅μ‚¬μƒμ— μ˜ν•œ 접근방법 λ˜λŠ” μ‹€μ²œλ°©λ²•λ„ λ”μš± λ°œλ‹¬λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. Policy balance and balancing theory have studied recently in the policy science community for obtaining ethical and moral justification of policymaking process and content. As one part of this research agenda, this paper discussed and argued some essential characteristics of the policy balance and its semantic differences between equilibrium theory, particularly reviewed by oriental Confucian philosophy. Employing the content analysis of Confucian classics(written in Chinese and translated in Korean widely acknowledged in oriental societies), I argued that the term 'balance' is rooted in Madhyamika philosophy which its leading argument is the mental and psychological balance of unbiased judgment to inner and outer worlds. In a policy world, with continuous education and training subjected from Madhyamika and its practical course works, so called balanced-sense of policymakers and reviewers, policies can be balanced between policy cost and benefit, goals and means, and interest and power struggles in policymaking and implementing worlds. As examples for the practice of policymaking based on the policymkers' balanced-sense and their moral and scientific justice for common good, public will, and national interest, I found and discussed some cases in reviewed Confucian classics. Even some criticize the moral and ethical sense of policy balance can not be guaranteed in the real world, it might be a lip-service, and institutional and legal systems must be discussed for ensuring the mental characteristics of policymakers, I argued that the more utmost and practical approach to secure policy balance in the policy practices is to educate and to train policymakers their balanced-sense and moral practices by Confucian Madhymika philosophy. In this point, as for a further research, a more logical and systematic approach is needed to explain the policy balance between mental and physical worlds of policymaking reality

    Discourse on Distributive Justice and a Practical Principle for Policy Balancing Theory

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    본질적으둜 정책은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ •μ˜μ˜ 원칙에 타당해야 ν•œλ‹€. λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 무엇을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ, μ–΄λ–€ κΈ°μ€€κ³Ό μ ˆμ°¨μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ μ •μ±…μ˜ λΆ€λ‹΄κ³Ό ν˜œνƒμ„ μ •μ˜λ‘­κ²Œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ κ°€μ§ˆ 것인가 ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„λ°°μ˜ κΈ°μ€€μ΄λ‚˜ 방법과 절차 등이 ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ μ‹€μ²œμ›μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ •μ±…μ˜ λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹€μ²œμ›μΉ™μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆλ‹€. ꡬ체적으둜 μ„œμ–‘ μ€‘μ‹¬μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ…ΌμŸμ  μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ κ³ μ°°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ™μ–‘μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ‹€μ²œκ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ—μ˜ ν•¨μ˜λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이에 λ”°λΌμ„œ 역사적이고 문화적 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 보닀 μ‹€μ²œμ μ΄κ³  νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό νƒμƒ‰ν•˜κ³  μ‹€μ²œκΈ°μ€€μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μƒν˜Έκ΅μ„­μ›μΉ™μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 즉 μƒν˜Έμƒμ¦‰μ— μ˜ν•œ μ •μ±…μ˜ 싀체와 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  이것이 μƒν˜Έκ°„μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ λ°©ν•΄λ‚˜ μž₯μ• κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 창쑰적인 μƒν˜Έλ¬΄μ• λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같은 μƒν˜Έμƒμ¦‰κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμ˜μ‘΄ 및 μƒν˜Έλ¬΄μ•  λ“±μ˜ μ‹€μ²œμ›μΉ™μ΄ 총체적으둜 μž‘μš©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ •μ±…μ—μ„œ λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜κ°€ μ‹€ν˜„λ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 보닀 μ‹¬λ„μžˆκ²Œ 그리고 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œμƒν˜Έκ΅μ„­μ˜ 원칙과 방법 등이 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό 보닀 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μ μ‹€ν•œ μ‹€μ²œμ›μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ±…κ· ν˜•μ—μ„œ λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ„œμ–‘μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ λΆ„λ°°μ˜ μ •μ˜μ˜ μ „μ œμ‘°κ±΄κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒν˜Έμƒμ¦‰κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμ˜μ‘΄ 및 μƒν˜Έλ¬΄μ•  등을 μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μƒν˜Έκ΅μ„­ 원칙을 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ…ΌμŸμ  μˆ˜μ€€μ •λ„λ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Policy, in itself, has a function of distributing available social resources and opportunities. As a consequence, this paper suggests the principle of mutual interpenetration for making practical procedures and methods for these distributive policy activities. Policy can be balanced by multiple dynamic shifts and changes in the line of costs and benefits that are calculated and conditioned by physical and mental policy causations. Those balanced positions can be reached by a balanced-sense embodied by policymakers. In practice, policymaking includes both ex post and ex ante activities for correcting, coordinating, and compensating for unbalanced and/or unjustified burdens and benefits through informed judgment of policy causation and distributive justice. Based on these theoretical arguments and a review of literature on distributive justice in both Eastern and Western philosophy, this paper defines distributive justice as processes and methods of socially harmonized sharing of policy burdens as well as benefits in the continuing activities of policymaking. The practical principle of mutual interpenetration suggested here is based on three premises. It maintains ones own activities and identities without hindering and/or rejecting other's identities (mutual identity). It varies through mutual dependence, creating and producing new worlds that are not isolated, but mutually created (mutual dependence). It depends not through obstruction but through social harmonization (mutual non-obstruction). This mutual interpenetration is not a principle of distributive policy justice discussed by ethical and religious perspectives and/or political philosophy but one applicable to policy balancing strategy even if it is an abstract concept

    A Study on the Socio-Economics Situations in the East-German Region since the Reunification

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    This paper contributes to our understanding of the socio-economic situations in an ex- "real existant socialist" country, reintegrated into West Germany. The findings are as follows: 1) In comparison with other East-European socialist countries is the case of East-Germany unique: the State, "Deutsche Demokratische Republik" , has been irreversiblely dissolved since the reunification of two Germanys. In this sense, the reunification was a process of the one-sided transfer of West-German institutions into East-German"s. 2) From the perspective of East-German inhabitants, on the one hand, it was a "liberalisation" from the bureaucratic-etatistic repression; on the other hand its process was "colonialistic". The relatively well-defined - not "collective" - "individual" rights of labor and some institutional social securities of East-Germany were simply ignored by the West-German politicians. 3) The "transformation crisis" could not be reduced to the transition from the planned to the market economy. Rather, in case of East-Germany, it results from the unnecessary political misconception of Kohl"s government. 4) Recently, the industrial production in the East-German region has been recovered at the level of pre-unification period. Neverthless, its social cost is the catastrophic amount of unemployment. 5) The East-German has been politically under-represented. The power bloc is unbalancedly occupied by the West-German("Wessis"). 6) The reunified Germany has seemingly succeded the "system-integration", not the "social integration" . In the long term, this will be the main source of "political" problems in Germany

    Characterization of dendritic cell targeting peptide ligand identified using phage display screening

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 농생λͺ…곡학뢀, 2011.8. 졜윀재.Maste

    Addressing the present and future of Korean language education for multicultural background learners

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    2014λ…„ 제16회 κ΅­μ œν•™μˆ νšŒμ˜ : 각ꡭ의 λŒ€μ™Έ μžκ΅­μ–΄ ꡐ윑 μ •μ±… 비ꡐ 연ꡬ닀문화 λ°°κ²½ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡐ윑 지원은 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 맀우 체계적이닀. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κ³Ό ꡐ재 연ꡬ, μ „λ¬Έ 인λ ₯ 양성에도 관심을 가지고 근본적으둜 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λ €λŠ” 곡적인 λ…Έλ ₯도 λ’€λ”°λžλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  ν˜„μž₯은 또 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™”λ˜λ©΄μ„œ ν‘œμ€€μ μ΄κ³  일λ₯ μ μΈ κ΅μˆ˜μ— μžˆμ–΄ λ‹€μ–‘μ„±κ³Ό μœ μ—°μ„±μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, ꡐ윑 ν˜„μž₯μ—λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν•™κΈ‰ ꡬ성에 어렀움이 μžˆλ‹€. λΉ„μš©μ μΈ λ¬Έμ œλ‚˜ μ „λ¬Έ ꡐ원 μˆ˜κΈ‰μ˜ 문제 λ“±μœΌλ‘œ 인해, λ‹€λ¬Έν™” λ°°κ²½ 학생듀을 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ— 맞게 λ³„λ„μ˜ ν•™κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€. 이와 같이 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ˜ μ••λ°•κ³Ό 변화에 μ§λ©΄ν•œ 우리의 ꡐ윑 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ¬Έν™” λ°°κ²½ 학생을 μœ„ν•œ ν•œκ΅­μ–΄ κ΅μœ‘μ€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ „κ°œλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒ. λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” 이λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ꡬ체적인 λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μŒμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫 번째둜 ν‘œμ€€ ꡐ재 κ°œμž‘ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ œκ³ ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μš©μ  ꡐ사 μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ , 두 번째둜 ν•œκ΅­μ–΄ μˆ™λ‹¬λ„ μ œκ³ μ™€ ꡐ과 연계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μœ΅ν•©ν˜• 인재λ₯Ό νˆ¬μž…ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ„Έ 번째, λ―Έλž˜μ§€ν–₯적인 ꡐμž₯의 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 리더십이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ„€ 번째둜, κ°€μ‘± λ¬Έν•΄ ꡐ윑 μ‹€μ‹œλ‘œ μ•„λ™μ˜ 학ꡐ 적응에 λΆ€λͺ¨λ₯Ό μ°Έμ—¬μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” λͺ©μ μ΄ 아동과 κ·Έ κ°€μ‘±μ˜ ν•œκ΅­ μƒν™œμ μ‘μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 염두에 λ‘μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ΄λŠ” λ‹€λ¬Έν™” λ°°κ²½ ν•™μƒμ˜ ν•œκ΅­μ–΄ ꡐ윑 μ§€μ›μ—μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ 닀루어야 ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀.A systematic educational support for multicultural background learners has been formulated in our society, ensued by political efforts in developing curriculum textbooks and cultivating professional personnel. This has been to meet our desire for standardized education provision. And yet, classrooms are now witnessing the need and desire for diversity and flexibility in order to respond to their students who are characterized as nothing but diverse and susceptible to change. In response, this paper carefully draws up a plan for improvement of Korean language education with the belief that its purpose is to help multicultural background learners adapt to unfamiliar environment. The measures highlighted here is that (1) developing a teacher training program to support teachers to build up their professional competence; (2) cultivating professional personnel qualified both in teaching Korean and curriculum education; (3) fostering a future-oriented leadership of school principals; and (4) conducting family literacy education programs to involve parents into school education and improve quality of life
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