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    ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ์ด๋…๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์ •๊ทผ์‹.1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์˜์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ช…๋ฐ• ์ •๊ถŒ ์ดํ›„ ๋‚จํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ๋ฏธ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์‹œ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  2004๋…„ ๋ถํ•œ์ธ๊ถŒ๋ฒ•(North Korean Human Rights Act)์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์œ ๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ, ๊ตญ์ œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ, ๋…ผ์Ÿ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(non-governmental organization, NGO)๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถํ•œ์ธ๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ œ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ์—”์˜ ๋ถํ•œ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋“ฑ ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์น˜ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ด€์ฒ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ(๊ณผ)ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ดํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋…, ์กฐ์ง, ์ „๋žต์„ ํ‰๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด NGO๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ „์ œ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฐœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ์ „์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ •์น˜์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ถŒ, ํ‰ํ™”๊ถŒ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ผ๋ฉด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์น˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํฌ๊ด„์  ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์•…ํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ํ‰ํ™”์™€ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ž์›, ์ด๋… ๋ฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ณต๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ €๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ํ†ต์ œ ํ›„์— 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ง„๋ณด์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋ณด์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋‹จ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋„“์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด ์†์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ •๊ถŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ํ•ด ๋ƒ‰์ „์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด์™€ ํ˜„์‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๊ถŒ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ์—ฐ์ด์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ ์ดํ›„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜น์€ ๊ธ‰์ง„์  ์šด๋™์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ–ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์ „์  ์ง€์ •ํ•™ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์ฐจ์›ํ™”๋œ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ ˆ์ง์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ 1990๋…„๋Œ€์— ์™€์„œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ๋„์  ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ ์ž์›์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์‹คํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ์–ธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์ด์ „ ๋‚จํ•œ์—์„œ ์•ฐ๋„ค์Šคํ‹ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ •์น˜์  ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ถํ•œ์ธ๊ถŒ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์ „ํ–ฅ ์ดํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์‹คํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜ NL ์ „ํ–ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ๋ถํ•œ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์— ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง„๋ณด์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹ํ•œ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ํ›„์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šด์˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ ยท๊ธˆ์ „์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ธฐ๊ธˆ, ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ NED, ์—ฌํƒ€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์›์„ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ NED์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ•จ์˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›์˜ ์˜๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚จํ•œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„  ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋‹จ์ฒด์ง€์›์ œ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋น„ ๋ช…๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  2000๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์žฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ ํ›„์›์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋…๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์ •์น˜์  ์ธ๊ถŒ์šด๋™์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ๋„ ํ˜„์‹ค์ธ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๊น”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ธ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฒด์ œ๊ต์ฒด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํญ์••์  ๋…์žฌ์ •๊ถŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ํƒ„์••๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ํ‰ํ™”์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ์ •์  ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊พ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋…๊ณผ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์€ ํ™๋ณด์™€ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ, ์ดˆ๊ตญ์  ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ํ™œ๋™, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ถ•์  ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ™œ๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ก ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ง„๋ณด์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์ฒด์ œ ํ•ด์ฒด์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ •๊ถŒยท๋ณด์ˆ˜์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฌถ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ด๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ์ž๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ํ˜‘์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ •๊ถŒ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์€ํํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ก ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ชฉ์„ ๋„๋Š” ๋ถˆ์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ถˆ์˜๋กœ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์  ์ „ํ™˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์˜ ํ‰ํ™”์ฒด์ œ์— ์—ญํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.Ever since the North Korean famine in the mid-1990s, the North Korean human rights issue has become central in relation to North Korea. The South Korean government, since the Lee Myung-bak administration, has publicized the issue as one of the main agendas in the North-South Korean relations, and it garnered one of the pivotal positions in the North Korea-United States relations, exemplified in the George Bushs meetings with North Korean defectors and the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004. Also, the media attention is overflowing, centering on reports, international events or debates on the sordid violation of human rights in North Korea. This discursive attention is, in no small measure, attributable to North Korean human rights non-governmental organizations. These organizations, as international actors, has served to provide exclusive information with international organizations and countries such as the United Nations or the U.S. to pass their North Korean human rights resolutions and acts, which results to realizing their interests and aims. Despite these wide-ranging implications, research on those organizations in social sciences and sociology, has been rather lagging, if not lacking. Most of the previous literature written on the issue mainly focused on describing ideologies, organizational traits and strategies of the NGOs in a somewhat one-dimensional fashion. The central weakness common to them is the premise that those activities are self-explanatorily improving the North Korean human rights as normatively just actors. A step away from this stance, however, raises a question on the rationality of the epistemological base. Most of all, the multidimensionality of human rights, including civil-political and economic-social rights as well as the third generation human rights such as group-collective rights, a right to self-determination, economic-social development and most importantly to peace, must be considered to effectively and efficiently advance North Korean human rights. Therefore, when one contemplates North Korean human rights, it is imperative to reflexively think about the evolving and interrelated nature of human rights as a plural form, as well as to historically comprehend the complexities of causes of the issue. This thesis examines their social formation, resources, ideology and their activities, based on the perspective of Korean human rights instead of North Korean, which considers on the peace and human rights of the whole Korean peninsula which is closely intertwined with those of the East Asian and world system. To begin with, this paper goes into detail on the structure of political opportunity in South Korea that made it possible for the NGOs to be organized and mobilized. Firstly, there existed, as background, a deformed underdevelopment of civil society in South Korea under the absolute rule of the dictatorial regimes ever since the onset of the government, followed by the transformation of the South Korean civil society in the late 1990s. Then, the new administrations since the late 1990s strove to reshuffle the ingrained Cold War division system and a conservative civil society was newly and belatedly formed in South Korea as a counter-movement to it, later supported by the conservative administrations in the late 2000s. Also, the end of the international Cold War, the fall of the Soviet bloc, followed by structural crises of North Korea after the great famine resulting to the increase of North Korean defectors, all led both activist converts and the defectors to raising the North Korean human rights issues. Last but not least, the international human rights regime, a low-intensity human rights logic historically tainted by the Cold War logic, triggered the issue to be more public in South Korean civil society. Analyzed in the next chapter are the leading human resources and material resources for their formation. Heterogeneous human resources are delineated by times: Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights in the mid-1990s by apolitical (if not anti-political) human rights activists in the 1970-80sNetwork for North Korean Democracy and Human Rights (NKnet) in the late 1990s by the converted pro-North activistsand Democracy Network against the North Korean Gulag (NKGulag, later NKWatch) by North Korean refugees in the early 2000s. The financial independency of those organizations and the grass-roots participation typical of human rights movements, however, are highly problematic in these cases. The deficiency of participatory contributions drove them to relying on such religious organizations and state apparatuses as the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), a U.S. pseudo-private, grant-making organization that has intervened into numerous anti-American governments like Nicaragua or the former Soviet bloc. Their historical Cold War background, political implications and networks with South Korean NGOs are discussed in depth here. This funding method, after the formation phase, has been diversified into government grants in South Korea and sponsorship from corporate and private individuals, which amount to only a small margin of the whole financial resources for their formation. Finally, their ideologies and activities are explored in the following chapter. The core shared political ideology common even to the apolitical Citizens Alliance deep down is the anti-communism. Based on their Cold War anti-communism, their agenda framing in the movement is bound to be targeting at the North Korean regime for all kinds of human rights violations in North Korea, the prognosis of which is overthrowing the atrocious regime at all costs. This ideology and framing is revealed in their activities on public awareness campaigns, transnational network of anti-North Korean advocacy, civil education, documentation and advocacy. Lastly, this thesis concludes that their aforementioned formational conditions and ideologies characterized by anti-communism have influenced shaping the currently dominant de rigueur North Korean human rights discourse that puts all the blame on one actor, which is convenient considering the lack of, if any, due considerations about complex roots of North Korean human rights issues. This convenient demonization, not only narrows down the North Korean human rights discourse, but also poses a serious threat to the realization of Korean human rights as a desirable form of the progressive movement to practically improve human rights in the Korean peninsula.1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  4 1) ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 2) ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 7 3. ์ด๋ก ์  ์ž์› 8 1) ์ž์›๋™์›๋ก : ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ž์› ๋™์› 8 4. ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค: ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(NGO)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 9 1) ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์„ฑ, ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ 9 2) ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฌธ์ œ 13 (1) ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ 13 (2) ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™ ๊ฐœ๋… 15 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 18 6. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 21 2์žฅ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO ๋ถ€์ƒ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 23 1. ๋ถ„๋‹จ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด๊ณผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ 23 1) ๋ฐ˜๊ณต๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ €๋ฐœ์ „ 23 2) ๋ถ„๋‹จ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‘์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 26 3) ๋ณด์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฌ์ง‘๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™•๋Œ€ 30 2. ํ˜„์‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ 34 1) ํ˜„์‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „ํ–ฅ 34 2) ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ 39 3. ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ ˆ์ง์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ 41 3์žฅ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์˜ ์กฐ์งํ™” ์š”์ธ 46 1. ์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ 46 1) 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์šด๋™ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ง 46 2) 1990๋…„๋Œ€ NL ์ „ํ–ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™ 48 3) ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋™์›๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™ 51 2. ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์›์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ 55 1) ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ: NED๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ 56 (1) ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ—ค๊ฒŒ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ „๋žต ๋ณ€ํ™”: ์ €๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ 57 (2) ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”: CIA์—์„œ NED๋กœ 62 (3) ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ NED์˜ ์ง€์› 67 (4) NED์˜ ์ง€์› ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์˜๋„ 71 2) NGO๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์›ํšŒ์› ํ™•๋Œ€ 74 3) ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋‹จ์ฒด ์ง€์› ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์ง€์› 77 4) ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 79 [๋ณด๋ก ] ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™ ๊ด€๋ จ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ 80 4์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์˜ ์ด๋…๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™ 83 1. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ด๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต/๋ฐ˜๋ถ์ฃผ์˜ 83 1) NL ์ „ํ–ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต/๋ฐ˜๋ถ์ฃผ์˜ 83 2) ํƒˆ๋ถ์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต/๋ฐ˜๋ถ์ฃผ์˜ 86 3) ๋น„์ •์น˜์  ์ธ๊ถŒ์šด๋™์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต/๋ฐ˜๋ถ์ฃผ์˜ 88 2. ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์˜์ œ์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 91 1) ์ง„๋‹จ(Diagnosis): ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ฒด์ œ ์›์ธ์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ 92 (1) ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ธ์‹(identification of a problem) 92 (2) ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ(attribution of blame)๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„(causality) 93 2) ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ(Prognosis): ์ฒด์ œ์ „๋ณตยท์ฒด์ œ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก  95 3) ๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ(Motivation): ์žฌํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์  ํ˜ธ์†Œ 96 4) ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”: ๋น„์ •์น˜์  ์šด๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ 98 3. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ NGO์˜ ํ™œ๋™ 101 1) ํ™๋ณด ๋ฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ํ™œ๋™ 101 2) ๊ตญ์ œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ํ™œ๋™ 105 3) ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ํ™œ๋™ 110 4) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ™œ๋™ 112 5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  115 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 115 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ 117 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 120 135Maste

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    3D Soft-Tissue Changes after Orthognathic Surgery of Mandibular Prognathism

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ์ตœ์ง„์˜.1. ๋ชฉ ์  ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ•˜์•… ์ „๋Œ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•…๊ต์ • ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ 3D ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋กœ 3์ฐจ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์•… ์ „๋Œ์ฆ์„ ์ฃผ์†Œ(chief complaint)๋กœ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ‘์› ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•…์•ˆ๋ฉด์™ธ๊ณผ์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•ด์„œ ์•…๊ต์ • ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉํ˜• Class III ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž 24๋ช…์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1) ์ƒ์•…์€ LeFort I osteotomy, ํ•˜์•…์€ BSSRO(bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž 2) ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „(T0), ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์งํ›„ 1๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด(T1), ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„(T2)์— ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง ๊ณ„์ธก์ ๋“ค์„ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•œ 24๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(group)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. Group I์€ ์ƒ์•…์€ LeFort I osteotomy ํ•˜์•…์€ BSSRO ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ group์ด๊ณ , group II๋Š” ์ƒ์•… LeFort I osteotomy, ํ•˜์•… BSSRO, gonial angle reduction ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ group์ด๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ ์•…๊ต์ • ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•œ group I์˜ ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง bigonial width๋Š” T1(์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 1๊ฐœ์›”)์—์„œ bigonial width๊ฐ€ T0์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ท  8.3mm(T0์˜ ์•ฝ 2%) ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. T2(์ˆ˜์ˆ  6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„)์—์„œ group I์˜ bigonial width๋Š” T0์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Group II์˜ T1์—์„œ bigonial width๋Š” T0์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ group I์˜ T1๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, T0์™€ ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ‰๊ท  21.6mm ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Group II์˜ T2์ผ ๋•Œ bigonial width๋Š” T0์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ‰๊ท  32.7mm ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง bigonial width๋Š” ํ•˜์•…์˜ setback๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, gonial angle reduction ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, nasolabial angle์€ ์ƒ์•…์„ 1mm ์ „์ง„(advancement)์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์•ฝ 4.5๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ์˜ posterior impaction์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ nasolabial angle์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก์  Nasal ala๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์•… ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์˜ ์ „์ง„/ํ›„ํ‡ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ›„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Ala base width๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ(T1)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  1.4mm๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›”(T2)์—์„œ๋Š” 0.7mm๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ˆœ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก์ ์ธ labiale superius๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ 1mm ์ „์ง„/ํ›„ํ‡ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๊ท  0.38mm๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณ„์ธก์ ์ธ Labiale inferius, Lower lip bow point, Soft tissue B point (B), Soft tissue pogonion (Pog), Soft tissue menton (Me)์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ›„๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜์•…์˜ setback๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง Pronasale, subnasale ๊ณ„์ธก์ ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. lip length๋Š” ์–‘์•… ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  5 2. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 1) ํ™˜์ž 2) ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฒ• 3) ์‚ผ์ฐจ์›(3D) ์Šค์บ” 4) ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธก์ (landmark), ๊ฐ๋„, ๊ธธ์ด 5) ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ• 6) ํ†ต๊ณ„ 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 13 4. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 27 5. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  32 6. ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 34 7. Abstract 37Maste
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