49 research outputs found

    Improvement of Mechanical property of Air Plasma Sprayed Tungsten film for Plasma-facing components in Nuclear Fusion Reactor using Pulsed direct current treatment

    Get PDF
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μž¬λ£Œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2015. 2. ν•œν₯남.ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°œμ „μ΄ μΈκ³΅νƒœμ–‘μ΄λΌ 뢈리며 미래의 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μœΌλ‘œ κ°κ΄‘λ°›μŒμ— 따라 κ΅­μ œμ›μžλ ₯ 기ꡬ(IAEA)의 지원 ν•˜μ— μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©(27개ꡭ), λ―Έκ΅­, 일본, 쀑ꡭ, λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„, 인도 와 ν•¨κ»˜ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” ITER라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ΅­μ œμ—΄ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ‹€ν—˜λ‘œ 건섀 μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν™œλ°œν•˜κ²Œ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ITER ꡭ제 사업뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ KSTAR λΌλŠ” ν•œκ΅­ν˜• ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ—°κ΅¬μž₯치λ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬ν™œλ™μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ ν•΅μœ΅ν•©λ‘œ λ‚΄ λ°˜μ‘ ν”ŒλΌμ¦ˆλ§ˆλ₯Ό λŒ€λ©΄ν•˜λŠ” 재료인 ν……μŠ€ν… ν”Όλ§‰μ˜ 기계적 물성을 경도λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ‘μ •ν•œ λ’€, μΈ‘μ •ν•œ 물성을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬(εΎŒθ™•η†) λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ°ΎλŠ” 것이닀. μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ ν•΅μœ΅ν•©λ‘œμ˜ ν”ŒλΌμ¦ˆλ§ˆ λŒ€λ©΄μ†Œμž¬λ‘œ 고렀되고 μžˆλŠ” ν……μŠ€ν… ν”Όλ§‰μ˜ λ¬Όμ„± κ°œμ„ μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬ 방법듀이 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν……μŠ€ν… 피막 제쑰 방법인 상압 ν”ŒλΌμ¦ˆλ§ˆ μš©μ‚¬λ²•μ€ 곡정 상 λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•˜κ²Œ ν……μŠ€ν… 박막 측에 λ§Žμ€ μŠ€ν”Œλž« λ°”μš΄λ”λ¦¬(Splat boundary)λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€. μŠ€ν”Œλž« λ°”μš΄λ”λ¦¬λŠ” 피막 λ‚΄ 기곡도(porosity)의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 빈 κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν……μŠ€ν… μ‚°ν™”λ¬Όλ‘œ λ‘˜λŸ¬ μŒ“μ—¬ 있으며 λ―Έμ„Έκ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κ²°ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν……μŠ€ν… λ°•λ§‰μ˜ 기계적 물성을 μ €ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš”ν•œ μš”μΈμ΄ λœλ‹€. ν……μŠ€ν… ν”Όλ§‰μ˜ 기계적 물성을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 진곡 μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬, λΆ„μœ„κΈ° μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬, κ°€μ•• μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 등을 ν™œμš©ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ―Έλ―Έν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 900β„ƒμ—μ„œ 1μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 0.001torr μ§„κ³΅μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³ , 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 각각 2kN, 3kN의 νž˜μ„ κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μ•• μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬(0.1torr Ar κ°€μŠ€ λΆ„μœ„κΈ°)λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬ μž‘μ—… ν›„ λ―Έμ†Œκ²½λ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•΄ λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό, 증착 직후 μ‹œνŽΈμ€ 122.04hv의 경도λ₯Ό, μ§„κ³΅μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬ μ‹œνŽΈμ€ 134.97hv, κ°€μ•• μ§„κ³΅μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬ μ‹œνŽΈμ€ κ°œλ³„ μ˜¨λ„, μ••λ ₯ 쑰건에 따라 260~280hv μ •λ„μ˜ 경도 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” ν……μŠ€ν… 피막에 고주파의 νŽ„μŠ€ μ „λ₯˜λ₯Ό μΈκ°€ν•œ κ°€μ•• μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹œν–‰λœ ν……μŠ€ν… 피막 μ‹œνŽΈμ„ κ΄‘ν•™ν˜„λ―Έκ²½κ³Ό μ£Όμ‚¬μ „μžν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μ°°ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μŠ€ν”Œλž« λ°”μš΄λ”λ¦¬μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ κ°μ†Œν•œ 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ²°μ •λ¦½μ˜ λ³€ν™” μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹€μ‹œν•œ ν›„λ°©μ „μžμ‚°λž€νšŒμ ˆ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 κ·Έ μŠ€ν”Œλž« λ°”μš΄λ”λ¦¬μ˜ κ°μ†Œ κ²½ν–₯을 보닀 λšœλ ·ν•˜κ²Œ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ―Έμ†Œ 경도 μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό, κΈ°μ‘΄ 122.04HVμ—μ„œ 363HV둜, μ•½ 240HV μ •λ„μ˜ 경도 증가λ₯Ό 보여 기계적 물성이 크게 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μŒμ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.초둝----------------------------------β…° λͺ©μ°¨----------------------------------iii LIST OF FIGURES-------------------------β…³ LIST OF TABLES------------------------- x 1. μ„œλ‘  ------------------------------- 1 2. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ ---------------------------11 2.1 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©λ‘œ λŒ€λ©΄μ†Œμž¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  및 ν……μŠ€ν…μ˜ 적합성 -----11 2.1.1 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©λ‘œμ˜ κ°€λ‘  λͺ¨λΈ: 토카막------------11 2.1.2 토카막 λ‚΄ λŒ€λ©΄μ†Œμž¬ -----------------16 2.1.3 λŒ€λ©΄μ†Œμž¬λ‘œμ¨μ˜ ν……μŠ€ν…----------------17 2.2 ν……μŠ€ν… 피막과 상압 ν”ŒλΌμ¦ˆλ§ˆ μš©μ‚¬λ²• ----------18 2.3 λ―Έμ†Œ μ••μž… μ‹œν—˜λ²•--------------------- 22 2.4 μ „μžν›„λ°©μ‚°λž€ 회절-------------------- 26 3. μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 --------------------------- 32 3.1 μ‹€ν—˜ μˆœμ„œ------------------------- 32 3.2 μ‹œνŽΈ μ€€λΉ„ 및 ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬ μš”μ•½---------------- 33 3.3 νŽ„μŠ€ 직λ₯˜ 인가 ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬------------------36 3.4 λ―Έμ†Œ μ••μž… μ‹œν—˜----------------------38 3.5 μ „μž ν›„λ°© μ‚°λž€ 회절 뢄석----------------39 4. κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° ------------------------- 40 4.1 κΈ°μ€€μ‹œνŽΈ 미세쑰직 κ΄€μ°° 및 경도 μΈ‘μ • --------40 4.2 ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬ 곡정 별 미세쑰직 λ³€ν™” 비ꡐ----------47 4.3 ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬ 곡정 별 경도 ν–₯상 폭 비ꡐ ----------66 5. κ²°λ‘  ------------------------------72 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ ------------------------------74 Abstract ------------------------------77Maste

    λŒ€ν•™λ„μ„œκ΄€ 이용자 평가단 사둀연ꡬ

    Get PDF

    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/signal transducers and activators of transcription 5A pathway plays a key factor in adipogenesis of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

    Get PDF
    Adipogenesis is largely dependent on the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway. However, the molecular mechanism of the STAT pathway in the adipogenesis of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) remains not well understood. The purpose of this research was to characterize the transcriptional regulation involved in expression of STAT5A and STAT5B during adipogenesis in hBMSCs and 3T3-L1 cells. The expression of STAT5A and STAT5B increases with the onset of adipogenesis in hBMSCs and 3T3-L1 cells. The PPAR response elements regulatory element of STAT5A exists at a promoter region ranging from -346 to -101, and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) regulatory element is located at -196 to -118 of the STAT5B promoter. C/EBPΞ² and C/EBPΞ± bound to the STAT5B promoter region, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Ξ³ (PPARΞ³) bound to STAT5A. RNA interference of STAT5A completely blocked differentiation, whereas the inhibition of STAT5B only partially blocked differentiation. We propose that C/EBPΞ±, C/EBPΞ², and PPARΞ³ control adipogenesis by regulating STAT5B and STAT5A and that STAT5A is necessary, whereas STAT5B plays a supplementary role during adipogenesis. Further, the regulation of PPARΞ³-STAT5 by C/EBPΞ² signaling seems to be the crucial adipogenesis pathway-initiating cascade of the various adipogenic genes.ope

    ν•΄μ™Έκ²½ν—˜μ˜ 곡간적 격차에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ : μ„œμšΈμ‹œ 행정ꡬ별 고등학ꡐ 1학년을 μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(지리전곡),2008.2Maste

    Development of Fashion Flat Sketch Design Software based on Automatic Module Alignment Algorithm

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μƒν™œκ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ 의λ₯˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2020. 8. κΉ€μ„±λ―Ό.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ„¬μœ νŒ¨μ…˜ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ 생산성 ν–₯상을 μœ„ν•œ νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄, 기성볡 λ””μžμΈμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ 도식화λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ“ˆν™”ν•˜κ³  λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λŠ” Bodice, Sleeve, Collar, Cuffs, Pocket λͺ¨λ“ˆλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λ©°, λͺ¨λ“ˆμ„ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ μ •λ ¬ν•˜λŠ” μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ λͺ¨λ“ˆμ˜ μ‘°ν•©λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 도식화λ₯Ό μ™„μ„±ν•  수 있게 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯은 κΈ°μ‘΄ μƒμš© μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—λŠ” μ—†λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯으둜, 이λ₯Ό 톡해, νŒ¨μ…˜ λ””μžμΈ κ΄€λ ¨ μ „λ¬Έ 지식이 μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μžλ„ μ†μ‰½κ²Œ 도식화λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•  수 있게 될 κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ 졜근 관심이 늘고 μžˆλŠ” 의λ₯˜ 맀슀 μ»€μŠ€ν„°λ§ˆμ΄μ œμ΄μ…˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ— 고객이 ν”„λ‘œμŠˆλ¨Έλ‘œμ„œ 의λ₯˜ 섀계 단계뢀터 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. κ΅¬ν˜„λœ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ ν–₯ν›„ νŒ¨ν„΄ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ™€ μ—°λ™λœλ‹€λ©΄ 도식화 μ™„μ„±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ΄‰μ œ νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€ μ œμž‘μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ Έ 의볡 생산 μžλ™ν™”λ₯Ό λ”μš± μ•žλ‹ΉκΈΈ 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.In this study, a fashion flat CAD system was developed to improve the productivity of the textile fashion industry. To carry out this, ready-made clothing designs were analyzed to modularize schematics and databases are built. The database consisted of Bodice, Sleeve, Collar, Cuffs, and Pocket modules. An algorithm was also developed that automatically aligns modules so that users can complete new fashion flat only with a combination of modules. These features are not available in traditional commercial systems, which will make it easy for users without fashion design expertise to produce fashion flats. Therefore, it can be expected to enable customers to participate from the stage of clothing design as prosumers in the era of clothing mass customization, which has recently increased interest. If the implemented system is linked to the clothing pattern database in the future, it will be possible to produce a sewing package with the completion of schematics, which will further speed up automation of clothing production.제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ  1 제 2 절 연ꡬ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ 연ꡬ λ²”μœ„ 4 제 2 μž₯ μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ 5 제 1 절 맀슀 μ»€μŠ€ν„°λ§ˆμ΄μ œμ΄μ…˜ 5 제 2 절 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 CAD 8 2.1 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 CAD κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 8 2.2 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 CAD μƒμš© μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ 10 제 3 절 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 λͺ¨λ“ˆ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ 11 3.1 νŒ¨μ…˜ λͺ¨λ“ˆν™” 11 3.2 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ 12 제 3 μž₯ 연ꡬ방법 15 제 1 절 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 CAD μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 섀계 15 1.1 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ 개발 ν™˜κ²½ 15 1.2 μžλ™ μ •λ ¬ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜ 17 제 2 절 νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 λͺ¨λ“ˆ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ 섀계 20 2.1 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ 섀계 ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ 20 2.2 셔츠와 λΈ”λΌμš°μŠ€ 도식화 μ œμž‘ 22 2.3 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ νŒ¨μ…˜ 도식화 λͺ¨λ“ˆν™” 26 제 4 μž₯ 연ꡬ결과 33 제 1 절 Flat Sketch μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 33 1.1 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μ˜ ꡬ성 33 1.2 Flat Sketch Organizer 41 제 2 절 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 평가 48 제 5 μž₯ κ²° λ‘  50 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 52 Abstract 57Maste

    (The) association between obesity in adolescence and intima-media thickness in young adults

    No full text
    보건학과/석사[ν•œκΈ€]λΉ„λ§Œμ€ 죽상동λ§₯κ²½ν™”μ¦μ˜ 병인에 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. 초기 죽상동λ§₯κ²½ν™”μ¦μ˜ 예츑 인자인 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€ λΉ„λ§Œκ³Όμ˜ 관련성에 κ΄€ν•œ 단면적 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 많이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ „ν–₯적 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ§Žμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©° κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ „λ¬΄ν•œ 싀정이닀. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 체쀑, μ²΄μ§ˆλŸ‰μ§€μˆ˜, ν—ˆλ¦¬/엉덩이 λ‘˜λ ˆλΉ„, ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ λ“±μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έ μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° λΉ„λ§Œκ³Ό 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ 관련성을 μ•Œμ•„λ³Έλ‹€.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” Kangwha Study의 μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. Kangwha StudyλŠ” 1986λ…„ λ‹Ήμ‹œ 경기도 κ°•ν™”κ΅° 강화읍에 μ†Œμž¬ν•œ 4개 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ 1학년생 μ „μ²΄λ‘œ μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 20λ…„ μ§Έ ν˜ˆμ•• 및 κ΄€λ ¨μš”μΈμ„ 좔적 쑰사 쀑이며, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 1996λ…„κ³Ό 2005년에 μ‘°μ‚¬λœ 자료λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³  연령은 각각 16세와 25μ„Έλ‘œ λ™μΌν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 신체계츑 및 μž„μƒμΈ‘μ • 기둝이 λͺ¨λ‘ 있고, 2005년에 경동λ§₯ 초음파 검사 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 총 257λͺ… (λ‚¨μž 113λͺ…, μ—¬μž 144λͺ…)을 λŒ€μƒμžλ‘œ ν•œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° λΉ„λ§Œμ§€ν‘œ μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μˆ˜ 증가에 λ”°λ₯Έ 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜ μ¦κ°€μ˜ μœ μ˜μ„± 검정을 μœ„ν•΄ νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° λΉ„λ§Œμ§€ν‘œμ™€ 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ 관련성을 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° μˆ˜μΆ•κΈ° ν˜ˆμ••μ„ λ³΄μ •ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€ 더 κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆλŠ” λΉ„λ§Œμ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curveλ₯Ό κ·Έλ € λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜κ°€ 4μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„ 수 이상, 미만으둜 λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ 뢄석에 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ area under curve (AUC)면적을 κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  뢄석은 성별 μΈ΅ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° λ‚¨μžμ—μ„œ μ²΄μ§ˆλŸ‰μ§€μˆ˜, 체쀑, ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μˆ˜ 증가에 λ”°λ₯Έ 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜κ°€ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³  μ—¬μžμ—μ„œλŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν–₯이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° λΉ„λ§Œμ§€ν‘œμ™€ 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ 관련성을 보기 μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, λ‚¨μžμ—μ„œ 체쀑, μ²΄μ§ˆλŸ‰μ§€μˆ˜, ν—ˆλ¦¬/엉덩이 λ‘˜λ ˆ, ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ λͺ¨λ‘ 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 관련성을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. (각각 p-value <0.001, 0.002, <0.001, <0.001) κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬μžμ—μ„œλŠ” μœ μ˜ν•œ 관련성을 λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° 남녀 λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 체쀑, ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ, μ²΄μ§ˆλŸ‰μ§€μˆ˜, ν—ˆλ¦¬/엉덩이 λ‘˜λ ˆλΉ„ λ“±μ˜ 순으둜 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 증가와 κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆλŠ” μ§€ν‘œμž„μ΄ 확인 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ°μ˜ λ‚¨μžμ—μ„œ μ²΄μ§ˆλŸ‰μ§€μˆ˜, 체쀑, ν—ˆλ¦¬/엉덩이 λ‘˜λ ˆλΉ„, ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ 등은 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ 내쀑막 λ‘κ»˜μ™€ μœ μ˜ν•œ 관련성을 λ³΄μ˜€κ³ , μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° 체쀑, ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ 등은 초기 성인기 경동λ§₯ λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 증가와 더 κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆλŠ” μ§€ν‘œμž„μ΄ 확인 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„κΈ° λΉ„λ§Œμ΄ μ„±μΈκΈ°μ˜ 죽상동λ§₯κ²½ν™”μ¦μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μš”μΈμ΄ 될 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. [영문]Obesity is an etiological cause of atherosclerosis. There are many cross-sectional studies about the association between obesity and intima-media thickness, a predictor of preclinical atherosclerosis but little prospective studies. And there is not a prospective study in Korea. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between obesity indices as weight, body mass index, waist hip ratio, waist circumference in adolescence and intima-media thickness in young adults.This study analyzed the data from a population-based prospective cohort study in Korea, known as the Kangwha Study. In this study, children who were in the first grade in 1986 in Kangwha Country, Korea, have been followed to measure their blood pressure annually through 2005. This study analyzed the data in 1996 and 2005 and age of subjects was 16-year old in 1996 and 25-year old in 2005. Subjects of this study were 113 men and 144 women who had the data on anthropometric, biological, and ultrasonic variables. We did trend test to investigate increased mean carotid intima-media thickness in young adults according to the quartiles of obesity indices in adolescence. To investigate the association between obesity indices in adolescence and intima-media thickness in young adults, we did multiple regression test adjusted for systolic blood pressure in adolescence. We analysed receiver operating characteristics curve to find better obesity index. intima-media thickness was categorized two as top quartile and upper 3 quartiles. Area under curve was calculated. All analyses were stratified by sex.Intima-media thickness in young adults was significantly increased according to the quartiles of body mass index, weight, waist circumference in adolescence, only men. But there was not a trend in women. In multiple regression analysis, body mass index, weight, waist hip ratio, and waist circumference in men were significantly associated with intima-media thickness in young adults. (p-value <0.001, 0.002, <0.001, <0.001). But there was not significant association in women. In receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, waist hip ratio in adolescence in order were associated with increased intima-media thickness in young adults.Body mass index, weight, waist hip ratio, and waist circumference in men were significantly associated with intima-media thickness in young adults. Weight, waist circumference in adolescence were associated with increased intima-media thickness in young adults. This study suggested that obesity in adolescence could be a risk factor of atherosclerosis in adulthood.ope

    (The) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and analysis on usefulness of the emerging serum markers by using ROC curves

    No full text
    κ±΄κ°•μ¦μ§„κ΅μœ‘ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€] λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 일개 λŒ€ν•™λ³‘μ› κ±΄κ°•κ²€μ§„μžλ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ NCEP-ATPβ…’(National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel β…’)에 APC(Asia-Pacific Criteria) ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ 기쀀을 μ μš©ν•œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³ , λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžμΈ WBC, RBC, hsCRP, AST, ALT, ALK, GGT, Ferritin, Uric acid μ€‘μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ„ κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 졜적의 serum markerλ₯Ό 찾고자 이 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Stata 9.0 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨κ³Ό SAS 9.1 버전을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Multiple Logistic Regression Model을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 톡계뢄석 ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ—°λ Ή, 흑연, μš΄λ™, 음주λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ£Όμš” 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 1. 총 1861λͺ…μ˜ λŒ€μƒμž 쀑 λ‚¨μž 1039λͺ…, μ—¬μž 822λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆκ³  평균연령은 λ‚¨μž 45.6Β±10.2μ„Έ, μ—¬μž 45.1Β±10.0μ„Έμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œ 16.5%, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œ 14.8%둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 연령에 따라 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 특히 μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œ 50~59세에 ν˜„μ €ν•˜κ²Œ 증가함이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ 30~39세에 λΉ„ν•΄ 50~59세에 9.9λ°°, 60~69세에 20.3λ°°, 70μ„Έ μ΄μƒμ—μ„œ 24배둜 연령이 증가함에 따라 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ 큰 폭으둜 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 연령에 λ”°λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œλ³„ μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ΄ κ°€μž₯ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있음이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , 특히 μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• μœ λ³‘λ₯ κ³Ό λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œ μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ΄ 연령에 따라 κ°€μž₯ ν˜„μ €ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 2. 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ΅°μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄ μ—†λŠ” ꡰ에 λΉ„ν•΄ ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆ, μ²΄μ§ˆλŸ‰μ§€μˆ˜, 곡볡 μ‹œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή, 쀑성지방, 총 μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€, μˆ˜μΆ•κΈ° 및 이완기 ν˜ˆμ•• 및 9개 ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œμ§€μžμ˜ μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨λ‘ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ‚˜(P<.0001), κ³ λ°€λ„μ§€λ‹¨λ°±μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€(HDL)은 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄ μ—†λŠ” κ΅°μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 더 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€(P<.0001). λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” μ €λ°€λ„μ§€λ‹¨λ°±μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€, μ΄μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€, Alkaline Phosphatase, Albumin이, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” Albumin이 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ¬΄μ— 따라 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 3. μ—°λ Ή, 흑연, 음주, μš΄λ™μ„ ν†΅μ œν•œ ν›„ μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„λ²”μœ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€κ³Ό λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œμ™€μ˜ 연관성을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, WBC, ALT, GGT, hsCRP, ALKλŠ” 1μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„ 보닀 4μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μ—μ„œ 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘ λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ ꡐ차비가 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜ˆμ•‘μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ 높은 ꡰ이 λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , ASTλŠ” λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” 고쀑성지방, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” 높은 곡볡 μ‹œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ˜ ꡐ차비가 1μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„λ³΄λ‹€ 4사 λΆ„μœ„μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. RBCλŠ” λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” μ €κ³ λ°€λ„μ§€λ‹¨λ°±μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³ ν˜ˆμ••μ˜ ꡐ차비가 1μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„λ³΄λ‹€ 4μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. Ferritin은 λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³ μ€‘μ„±μ§€λ°©μ˜ ꡐ차비가, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ ꡐ차비가 1μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„λ³΄λ‹€ 4μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , Uric acidλŠ” 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ κ³ μ€‘μ„±μ§€λ°©μ˜ ꡐ차비가 1μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„λ³΄λ‹€ 4μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜ˆμ•‘μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ 높은 κ΅°μ—μ„œ κ³ μ€‘μ„±μ§€λ°©ν˜ˆμ¦μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 4. λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ¬΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 인ꡬ μ‚¬νšŒν•™μ  & μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€μš”μΈκ³Ό λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°κ³Όμ˜ 연관성을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 인ꡬ μ‚¬νšŒν•™μ  μš”μ†ŒλŠ” 연령이 증가함에 따라 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 특히 μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œ 50~59세에 κΈ‰κ²©ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 보이며 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있음이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘ 60μ„Έ μ΄μƒμ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ κ°€μž₯ 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³  연령은 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ γ†λ¬΄μ— 따라 ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€(남성 P=0.0003, μ—¬μ„± P<.0001). λ˜ν•œ, ꡐ윑이 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°κ³Ό 연관성이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ λ•Œ 남성, μ—¬μ„± 각각 κ΅μœ‘μ„ 많이 받은 상(13λ…„ 이상)의 κ²½μš°μ— λΉ„ν•΄ ν•˜(10λ…„ 미만)μ—μ„œ ꡐ차비가 2.21λ°°(95% CI. 1.28-3.83), 6.88λ°°(95% CI. 3.92-12.1)둜 κ΅μœ‘μ„ 적게 받은 κ΅°μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©° κ΅μœ‘μ€ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ γ†λ¬΄μ— 따라 ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€(남성 P=0.002, μ—¬μ„± P<.0001). μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€ μš”μΈ 쀑 μŒμ£ΌλŠ” β€˜μˆ μ„ 자주 λ§ˆμ‹ λ‹€β€™κ°€ β€˜μˆ μ„ μ•ˆ λ§ˆμ‹ λ‹€ ν˜Ήμ€ 거의 λ§ˆμ‹œμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€β€™μ— λΉ„ν•΄ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ λ•Œ 1.83λ°°, μ—°λ Ήν†΅μ œ μ‹œ 1.79λ°°(95% CI. 1.14-2.80)둜 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 증가함이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , 흑연은 총 흑연기간에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ λ•Œ λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” 30λ…„ 이상이 30.5%둜 제일 λ§Žμ•˜κ³ , 1~10년에 λΉ„ν•΄ 20~30년이 1.65λ°°, 30λ…„ 이상이 2.91배둜 ꡐ차비가 ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ€ 2.51λ°°(95% CI. 1.41-4.45) λ†’κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 5. λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ¬΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžμ™€ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°κ³Όμ˜ 연관성은 μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” 9개 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μž λͺ¨λ‘ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ΅°μ—μ„œ 1μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 4μ‚¬λΆ„μœ„μ—μ„œ ꡐ차비가 μƒμŠΉν•˜μ—¬ μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관성을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆμœΌλ‚˜(P<.0001), λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” ALK와 RBCλ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 7가지 ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ΄ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ¬΄μ— 따라 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 6. 9개 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ„ κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 졜적의 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curveλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 면적을 κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ, 9개 ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œμ§€μž 쀑 κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„Έν•œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν˜ˆμ•‘μ§€ν‘œλŠ” ALTλ‘œμ„œ AUCκ°€ 0.726으둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 면적을 보여주어 κ°€μž₯ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, GGTλŠ” AUCκ°€ 0.725둜 0.001의 λ―Έλ―Έν•œ 면적차이둜 두 번째둜 큰 면적 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 남성은 GGT의 AUCκ°€ 0.746으둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 면적을 보여 κ°€μž₯ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, ALTλŠ” 0.730으둜 두 번째둜 큰 면적 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 여성은 GGT의 AUCκ°€ 0.785둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 면적을 보여주어 κ°€μž₯ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, ALTλŠ” 0.750으둜 두 번째둜 높은 면적 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 즉, 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ λ•Œ GGTκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 큰 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ 판λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 7. 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ—¬ λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œ 9개 ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œμ§€μž 쀑 κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„Έν•œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°ν‘œμ§€μžλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ, ALT의 AUCκ°€ 0.7398둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 면적을 보여 κ°€μž₯ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , GGT의 AUCλŠ” 0.7304둜 0.0094의 λ―Έλ―Έν•œ 면적차이둜 두 번째둜 높은 면적 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 여성은 GGT의 AUCκ°€ 0.8680으둜 κ°€μž₯ 높은 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆκ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 면적을 보여 κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, ALT의 AUCκ°€ 0.8461둜 두 번째둜 높은 면적 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. 즉, 연령을 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” ALTκ°€, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” GGTκ°€ κ°€ μž₯ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ 판λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ²°λ‘  λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 결과상 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ λ‚¨μ„±μ—μ„œ 16.5%, μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œ 14.8%둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 연령에 따라 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ 70μ„Έ μ΄μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ†’κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, 특히 μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œ 폐경기 전후인 50~59세에 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ 큰 폭으둜 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 성별, 연령별에 λ”°λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œλ³„ μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ€ 남성, μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ΄ κ°€μž₯ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있음이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , 특히 μ—¬μ„±μ—μ„œ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• μœ λ³‘λ₯ κ³Ό λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œ μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ΄ 연령에 따라 κ°€μž₯ ν˜„μ €ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μœ λ³‘λ₯  κ°μ†Œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• 및 λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œ 예방 및 관리가 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œκ°„νš¨μ†ŒμΈ ALT ν˜Ήμ€ GGTκ°€ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ— μžˆμ–΄ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©° ALT, GGTλŠ” λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Όμ„ λŒ€ν‘œν•˜μ—¬ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ£ΌλŠ” ν˜ˆμ•‘μ§€ν‘œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Όμ΄ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°κ³Ό λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 관련이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ‚¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Όμ΄ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œλ‘œμ„œ λΆ€κ°λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„ λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Όκ³Ό λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 관계가 μžˆλ‹€κ³  보고된 ALT 와 GGT, 이 두 가지 serum markerκ°€ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ— μžˆμ–΄ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 판λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ κ΅­λ―Ό μ „μ²΄λ‘œ ν™•λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Ό μœ λ³‘λ₯ μ„ κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 결과와 비ꡐ해 λ³΄λŠ” 후속연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©° ALT & GGT와 λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Ό 및 λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°κ³Όμ˜ 연관성을 보닀 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ°ν˜€μ£ΌλŠ” μΆ”ν›„ 연ꡬ듀이 ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. ALT와 GGT의 μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ 높은 ꡰ에 λŒ€ν•œ 쑰기선별을 톡해 관상동λ§₯심μž₯μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μΈμžμΈ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ„ μš©μ΄ν•˜κ²Œ νŒλ³„ν•˜κ³ , μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€ ꡐ정을 톡해 λ³΅λΆ€λΉ„λ§Œ 및 체쀑을 쀄이고 ν˜ˆμ•• 및 ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μœΌλ‘œμ˜ 진전을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κ³  건강증진에 이바지할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ, κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ 증가좔세에 μžˆλŠ” λΉ„μ•Œμ½œμ„±μ§€λ°©κ°„μ—Όκ³Ό 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ˜ λ°œμƒμ„ 쀄일 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λ©° κΆκ·Ήμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 동λ§₯κ²½ν™”μ„±μ‹¬ν˜ˆκ΄€κ³„μ§ˆν™˜μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 합병증과 사망λ₯ μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œμΌœ μ˜λ£ŒλΉ„μ˜ 감좕을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 바이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ”μš± 체계적인 보건ꡐ윑으둜써 μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€ ꡐ정 및 ν™˜κ²½μ‘°μ„±μ„ μ΄‰μ§„μ‹œν‚€κ³ , 정기검진 및 μΆ”ν›„ 지속적인 건강관리 λ“± λŒ€μ‚¬μ¦ν›„κ΅° 쑰기발견 및 예방, λŒ€μƒμž 관리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ μ ˆν•œ μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€. [영문] Background: The Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPβ…’) has newly introduced the clinical diagnosis guideline of the Metabolic Syndrome which is characterized by clustering of the Coronary Heart Disease risk factors. In case of Metabolic Syndrome, the incidence rate and the death rate in cardiovascular disease come to get notably higher compared to its opposite case, thus its importance can be said to be bigger. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome and to seek for the most powerful serum marker among 9 blood markers whose usefulness is good in predicting Metabolic Syndrome through the overall analysis and evaluation. Methods: The study Subjects were 1039 men and 822 women aged 20 years or older who visited the Health Promotion Center of DUIH from January 1 to June 30 in 2007. In order to exclude examinees, who have acute hepatitis, a drop in leukocyte, a drop in kidney function, anemia, hepatitis, I excepted subjects who were in WBC10,000 103/γŽ•, Creatinine >1.3 mg/dL, Hemoglobin <10 g/dL, HBsAg (+), HCV ab (+) from 2367 examinees and I also excluded who were less than 20 years old or received health screening more than twice in that period and who were omitted in the preparation of screening test, blood-gathering, and body measurement. Thus, totally 506 subjects were eliminated. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum-lipids fasting and blood glucose were checked. And 9 blood markers such as WBC, RBC, hsCRP, AST, ALT, ALK, GGT, Ferritin, Uric acid were also checked. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Korean Health Screen Examinees was estimated based on WHO Asia-Pacific Criteria of the waist circumference guidelines and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel β…’(NCEP-ATPβ…’). Smoking, alcohol, age, exercise were controlled. To identify blood markers associated with the Metabolic-Syndrome and its components and to investigate best markers, the multiple logistic regression model was used. ROC analysis was used for analysis on usefulness of Metabolic-Syndrome markers. Results: The Prevalence rate of the Metabolic Syndrome was 16.5% in men and 14.8% in women and it was increased with growing age in both men and women. Especially in women, that of the features aged 50 to 59 or above was described to be considerably high. The prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome by cardiovascular risk factors were 46.1%, 42.7%, 23.7%, 12.3% and 8.6% in high blood pressure, high triglyceride, abdominal obesity, high fasting blood glucose and low HDL cholesterol in men, and 31.4%, 26.8%, 19.6%, 15.3% and 8.3% in high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose in women.. The prevalence rate of hypertension was the highest among the 5 risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in both men and women. When having obtained area by using ROC curves in order to decide on the optimal metabolic-syndrome marker available for the best prediction of metabolic syndrome among 9 metabolic-syndrome markers, ALT (AUC 0.726) showed the statistically significant larger area compared to other metabolic-syndrome markers as a whole when having not controlled age. And, in both men and women, GGT (AUC 0.746 in men, AUC 0.785 in women) showed the statistically significant larger area compared to other metabolic-syndrome markers, thereby having been indicated to be the most powerful and best marker. When having controlled age, ALT in men (AUC 0.7398) and GGT in women (AUC 0.8680) showed the statistically significant larger area compared to other metabolic-syndrome markers, thereby having been indicated to be the most powerful and best marker. Conclusion: In light of the results in this study, ALT or GGT in both men and women regardless of whether or not controlling age was indicated to have usefulness as the most powerful and best marker. As for this, due to Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome according to a change in the living habits such as the excessive fat intake and the lack of exercise, the incidence of NAFLD(Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease) is steeply growing already in the West regardless of taking alcohol, thereby being emerged as a great social problem. The research report, with saying that NAFLD is deeply related to metabolic syndrome, is being actively progressed. And, the attempt is being made that tries to add NAFLD to the metabolic-syndrome risk components in the future. So, at the point of time that NAFLD is being emerged as the metabolic-syndrome risk components, even this study was indicated that both markers, which can be representative of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, have usefulness as the most powerful Metabolic-Syndrome marker. Therefore, a future research is thought to be probably needed in order to know the correlation between liver enzyme such as ALT & GGT and the Metabolic Syndrome & NAFLD. And, aiming at health promotion and prevention, through selecting examinees whose figure is high in ALT & GGT, which were clarified through this study, the living habits such as lack of exercise, heavy drinking, smoking, stress and fatty foods are corrected, thereby being expected to be likely to possibly reduce the incidence of Obesity, NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome. And, a measure for prevention is considered to be probably required as the more systematic health education and future management for health promotion.ope

    An Exploration of PE curriculum implementation expertise of High school PE teacher

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ 체윑ꡐ윑과, 2023. 2. 이μ˜₯μ„ .The purpose of this study is to contribute to internalization OF high school PE teachers' curriculum implementation and PE classes by comprehensively analyzing the factors that affect PE curriculum implementation, curriculum implementation types, and curriculum implementation expertise. The specific research questions for this are: First, what is high school PE teachers' PE curriculum implementation process and the state of implementation expertise? Second, what are the factors that influence high school PE teachers' PE curriculum implementation? Third, what are the high school PE teachers' PE curriculum implementation types? This study utilized a qualitative case study method and was conducted over a total of 17 months from July 2021 to November 2022. The research participants are selected as 12 incumbent high school PE teachers in consideration of the diversity of experiences related to the curriculum. Qualitative data were collected through online questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and on-site documents, and the data were analyzed through the process of description, analysis, and interpretation suggested by Wolcott(1994). In order to secure the authenticity of the research, the triangular verification method, review among members, and consultation among peers were used, and the research was conducted in compliance with research ethics. The results of the study through the above process are as follows. First, high school PE teachers implemented the PE curriculum according to the stages of understanding, planning, implementing. And the high school PE teachers' curriculum implementation expertise at each stage was analyzed by dividing it into nine aspects. First of all, in the understanding stage, the expertise of knowing the contents of the physical education curriculum, understanding the teacher's role in the curriculum, and critically understanding the curriculum was revealed. Next, in the planning stage, the expertise of communicating with surroundings(fellow teachers, students, etc.), utilizing the materials of the national curriculum(achievement standards, subject goals, etc.), and developing their own curriculum was revealed. Lastly, in the implementation stage, the expertise of connecting curriculum and classes, making efforts to create good physical education classes, and looking back on one's own classes was revealed. Second, it was found that there are four dimensions of individual, relationship, environment, and subject as factors influencing the implementation of PE curriculum by high school PE teachers. On the individual level, experience factors related to curriculum, such as textbook writing, national curriculum development, and participation in curriculum-related training, and teachers' educational philosophy factors, such as cultivating whole sports peaple, and student-centered classes, were included. The relational dimension included factors of positive/negative relationships with fellow teachers and factors of participation in teacher learning communities within and between subjects. The environmental dimension included physical environmental factors such as sports facilities, teaching aids, and the number of hours of PE classes, as well as social environmental factors such as student tendencies and COVID-19. Curriculum factors included PE curriculum factors, such as the effect of curriculum revision and reflection of field voices, and good or bad factors of high school physical education, such as the obligation for implementing the curriculum and the stepping stones of lifelong physical education. Third, according to the perception of the PE curriculum and the characteristics of the curriculum implementation, high school PE teachers' physical education implementation types were divided into three types: Curriculum trusting type', 'Curriculum selecting type', and 'Curriculum apathy type'. First, the 'Curriculum trusting type' recognized that the curriculum was the bible of class as a national agreement and the cornerstone of the future learning. Second, the 'Curriculum selecting type' recognizes that although the PE curriculum is a large frame of class, the teacher-level curriculum is more important, and this type of teachers select and utilize the necessary parts of the PE curriculum. Lastly, the Curriculum apathy type recognized that the PE curriculum is a nominal thing and a seperated theory from the field. And this type of teachers had classes free from the curriculum, and sometimes used the curriculum to look back their classes. As a discussion that integrate these results, first, it was suggested that it is necessary to understand the expertise of PE curriculum implementation as a overall process that includes learning, practicing, developing, and reflecting on the curriculum. Second, according to the factors influencing the implementation of the curriculum, it was suggested that it is necessary to look at not only teachers but also the environment, learners, subjects and curriculum from a wide perspective in order to plan substantial implementation of the curriculum. Third, we compared and analyzed the curriculum implementation perspective proposed by Snyder & Zumwalt(1992) and the curriculum implementation type in this study, and found that the Curriculum apathy type is revealing the negative side of the duality of the curriculum enactment perspective. Lastly, as for the suggestions for field practice, first, it is necessary to provide various supports at the pre-service teacher education stage and the in-service teacher education stage to develop expertise for the implementation of the curriculum and class quality of high school PE teachers. Second, it is necessary to reduce the gap with the field by paying more attention to the voice of the field in the process of developing the curriculum. Third, it is necessary to critically accept the educational goals and contents presented by the PE curriculum in high school PE classes, and to shed light on the fidelity perspective of the curriculum implementation. Suggestions for follow-up research are: First, it is necessary to research the effects of high school PE teachers' curriculum execution on students. Second, it is necessary to diversify the research subjects, compare the meaning of high school PE curriculum implementation with elementary and middle school levels, and present specific measures.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 싀행에 영ν–₯을 미친 μš”μΈκ³Ό κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μœ ν˜•, 그리고 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 전문성을 μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 및 μˆ˜μ—… 내싀화에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡬ체적인 연ꡬ λ¬Έμ œλ‘œλŠ” 첫째, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μ‹€ν–‰ μ „λ¬Έμ„±μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ€ μ–΄λ– ν•œκ°€? λ‘˜μ§Έ, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 싀행에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ€ 무엇인가? μ…‹μ§Έ, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μœ ν˜•μ€ 무엇인가? 이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 질적 사둀연ꡬ 방법을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 2021λ…„ 7μ›” ~ 2022λ…„ 11μ›”κΉŒμ§€ 총 17κ°œμ›”μ— 걸쳐 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬μ°Έμ—¬μžλŠ” κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ΄€λ ¨ κ²½ν—˜μ˜ 닀양성을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μ§ 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬ 12λͺ…을 μ„ μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 질적 μžλ£ŒλŠ” 온라인으둜 이루어진 사전 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ§€μ™€ 심측 λ©΄λ‹΄, ν˜„μ§€ λ¬Έμ„œλ₯Ό 톡해 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, Wolcott(1994)κ°€ μ œμ‹œν•œ 기술, 뢄석, ν•΄μ„μ˜ 과정을 거쳐 자료λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 진싀성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 삼각검증법, ꡬ성원 κ°„ κ²€ν† , λ™λ£Œ κ°„ ν˜‘μ˜λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 윀리λ₯Ό μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜μ—¬ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 과정을 ν†΅ν•œ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” 이해, κ³„νš, μ‹€ν–‰μ˜ 단계에 따라 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ„ μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 각 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ” 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 전문성을 9κ°€μ§€μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš°μ„ , 이해 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ•Œκ³ , κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ©°, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ„ λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” μ „λ¬Έμ„±μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ, κ³„νš λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ£Όλ³€(λ™λ£Œ ꡐ사, 학생 λ“±)κ³Ό μ†Œν†΅ν•˜κ³ , κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ 재료(μ„±μ·¨κΈ°μ€€, μ˜μ—­ λ“±)λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λ©°, λ‚˜λ§Œμ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” μ „λ¬Έμ„±μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ‹€ν–‰ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³ , 쒋은 μ²΄μœ‘μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³ , μžμ‹ μ˜ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄λŠ” μ „λ¬Έμ„±μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 싀행에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ 개인, 관계, ν™˜κ²½, κ΅κ³ΌλΌλŠ” λ„€ 가지 차원이 μžˆμŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 개인적 μ°¨μ›μ—λŠ” κ΅κ³Όμ„œ 집필, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 개발, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ΄€λ ¨ μ—°μˆ˜ μ°Έμ—¬ λ“± κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ΄€λ ¨ κ²½ν—˜ μš”μΈκ³Ό 진선미 슀포츠인 μ–‘μ„±, 학생 쀑심 μˆ˜μ—… λ“± κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ²΄μœ‘μˆ˜μ—… μ² ν•™ μš”μΈμ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 관계적 μ°¨μ›μ—λŠ” λ™λ£Œ κ΅μ‚¬μ™€μ˜ 긍정적·뢀정적 관계 μš”μΈκ³Ό ꡐ과 내·ꡐ과 κ°„ κ΅μ‚¬ν•™μŠ΅κ³΅λ™μ²΄ μ°Έμ—¬ μš”μΈμ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ  차원은 μ²΄μœ‘μ‹œμ„€, μˆ˜μ—…μš© ꡐꡬ, μ²΄μœ‘μˆ˜μ—… μ‹œμˆ˜μ™€ 같은 물리적 ν™˜κ²½ μš”μΈκ³Ό ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μ„±ν–₯, μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19와 같은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν™˜κ²½ μš”μΈμ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ꡐ과적 μš”μΈμ€ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ°œμ •μ˜ νŒŒκΈ‰λ ₯, ν˜„μž₯의 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬ 반영 λ“±μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μš”μΈκ³Ό κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ λ‹Ήμœ„μ„±κ³Ό 평생 체윑의 λ””λ”€λŒ μ—­ν• κ³Ό 같은 μš”μΈμ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ— 따라 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μœ ν˜•μ€ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹ λ’°ν˜•, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ·¨νƒν˜•, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λƒ‰λ‹΄ν˜•μ˜ μ„Έ κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹ λ’°ν˜•μ€ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ κ³΅ν†΅λœ ν•©μ˜μ μ΄μž 미래의 μ΄ˆμ„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ 바이블이라고 μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이 μœ ν˜•μ˜ ꡐ사듀은 κ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό 기반으둜 체윑과 μ˜μ—­ 및 성취기쀀을 μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜λ©° κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ„ μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ·¨νƒν˜•μ€ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ 큰 ν‹€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, κ΅μ‚¬μˆ˜μ€€ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ΄ λ”μš± μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이라고 μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이 μœ ν˜•μ˜ ꡐ사듀은 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ ν•„μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄을 취사선택 ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³ , ν˜„μ‹€κ³Ό νƒ€ν˜‘ν•˜λ©° κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ„ μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λƒ‰λ‹΄ν˜•μ€ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ΄ 유λͺ…λ¬΄μ‹€μ˜ κ²ƒμ΄μž ν˜„μž₯κ³Ό λ³„κ°œμ˜ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이 μœ ν˜•μ˜ ꡐ사듀은 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 자유둜운 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•˜κ³ , κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ€ 가끔 λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄λŠ” μ •λ„λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ’…ν•©ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ‘œλŠ” 첫째, 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 전문성을 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•™μŠ΅, μ‹€ν–‰, 개발, 그리고 λ°˜μ„±κΉŒμ§€ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” 총체적인 κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ 이해할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 싀행이 λ‚΄μ‹€ν™”λ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ΅μ‚¬λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν™˜κ²½, ν•™μŠ΅μž, ꡐ과 및 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κΉŒμ§€ 넓은 μ‹œμ•Όμ—μ„œ 바라볼 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, Snyder & Zumwalt(1992)κ°€ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 관점과 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μœ ν˜•μ„ 비ꡐ 및 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ , κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λƒ‰λ‹΄ν˜•μ€ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 생성 관점이 μ§€λ‹Œ μ–‘λ©΄μ„± 쀑 뢀정적인 츑면이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μž₯ μ‹€μ²œμ„ μœ„ν•œ μ œμ–ΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 첫째, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 및 μˆ˜μ—… λ‚΄μ‹€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ „λ¬Έμ„± 함양을 μœ„ν•΄ μ˜ˆλΉ„κ΅μ‚¬κ΅μœ‘ 단계와 ν˜„μ§κ΅μ‚¬κ΅μœ‘ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 지원이 이루어져야 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 개발 과정에 μžˆμ–΄ ν˜„μž₯의 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬μ— λ”μš± κ·€λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμž„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν˜„μž₯과의 괴리λ₯Ό 쀄일 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘μˆ˜μ—… ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ΄ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” ꡐ윑적 λͺ©ν‘œμ™€ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κ³ , κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰μ˜ μΆ©μ‹€ 관점에 λŒ€ν•΄ 재쑰λͺ…ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 후속 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ œμ–ΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 첫째, 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 싀행이 학생에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 νƒμƒ‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμ„ λ‹€κ°ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ 고등학ꡐ 체윑 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 싀행이 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό 지닐 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ΄ˆΒ·μ€‘ν•™κ΅ κΈ‰κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κ³ , ꡬ체적인 λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 1 2. 연ꡬλͺ©μ  6 3. μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 6 4. μš©μ–΄μ˜ μ •μ˜ 6 5. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ œν•œμ  7 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 8 1. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€κ³Ό μ‹€ν–‰ 8 κ°€. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€ 9 1) 개발 주체에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ ꡬ뢄 9 2) κ΅¬ν˜„ ν˜•νƒœμ— λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ ꡬ뢄 15 λ‚˜. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ˜ μ‹€ν–‰ 17 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό 관점 18 2) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μ£Όμ²΄λ‘œμ„œ ꡐ사 20 2. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ „λ¬Έμ„± 21 κ°€. κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ „λ¬Έμ„± 21 λ‚˜. μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ „λ¬Έμ„± 26 3. 고등학ꡐ 체윑과 체윑 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 29 κ°€. 고등학ꡐ 체윑 29 λ‚˜. 고등학ꡐ 체윑 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  λ³€ν™” 32 λ‹€. 고등학ꡐ 체윑 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 35 β…’. 연ꡬ 방법 37 1. 연ꡬ 섀계 및 절차 37 κ°€. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„ 및 논리 37 λ‚˜. 연ꡬ 절차 38 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ°Έμ—¬μž 40 3. 자료 μˆ˜μ§‘ 41 κ°€. 사전 섀문지 41 λ‚˜. 심측 λ©΄λ‹΄ 41 λ‹€. ν˜„μ§€ λ¬Έμ„œ 43 4. 자료 뢄석 및 해석 43 κ°€. 자료의 기술 44 λ‚˜. 자료의 뢄석 44 λ‹€. 자료의 해석 44 5. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 진싀성 및 윀리 45 κ°€. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 진싀성 45 λ‚˜. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 윀리 46 β…£. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 및 λ…Όμ˜ 47 1. 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μ „λ¬Έμ„± 47 κ°€. 이해 단계: "κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κΏ°λš«μ–΄ 보기" 48 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λ‚΄μš© μ•ŒκΈ° 49 2) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° 57 3) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 생각해보기 63 λ‚˜. κ³„νš 단계: "κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λ””μžμΈν•˜κΈ°" 69 1) μ£Όλ³€κ³Ό μ†Œν†΅ν•˜κΈ° 69 2) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 재료 ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° 74 3) λ‚˜λ§Œμ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ°œλ°œν•˜κΈ° 77 λ‹€. μ‹€ν–‰ 단계: "κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μƒμ„±ν•˜κΈ°" 82 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μˆ˜μ—… μ—°κ²°ν•˜κΈ° 83 2) 쒋은 μ²΄μœ‘μˆ˜μ—… μ‹€μ²œν•˜κΈ° 88 3) μˆ˜μ—… λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄κΈ° 95 2. 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 영ν–₯μš”μΈ 100 κ°€. 개인적 μš”μΈ 100 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • κ΄€λ ¨ κ²½ν—˜ 100 2) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ²΄μœ‘μˆ˜μ—… μ² ν•™ 107 λ‚˜. 관계적 μš”μΈ 114 1) λ™λ£Œ κ΅μ‚¬μ™€μ˜ 관계 114 2) κ΅μ‚¬ν•™μŠ΅κ³΅λ™μ²΄ μ°Έμ—¬ 118 λ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ  μš”μΈ 122 1) 물리적 ν™˜κ²½ 123 2) μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν™˜κ²½ 128 라. ꡐ과적 μš”μΈ 133 1) 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 134 2) 고등학ꡐ 체윑의 흑과 λ°± 136 3. 고등학ꡐ μ²΄μœ‘κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μœ ν˜• 138 κ°€. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹ λ’°ν˜• 138 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식: "μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ 바이블" 139 2) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ νŠΉμ§• 142 λ‚˜. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ·¨νƒν˜• 146 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식: "μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒλ§Œ, 쏙쏙" 146 2) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ νŠΉμ§• 149 λ‹€. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • λƒ‰λ‹΄ν˜• 153 1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식: "μ½νžˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ² μŠ€νŠΈμ…€λŸ¬" 153 2) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ νŠΉμ§• 156 4. μ’…ν•© κ²°κ³Ό 159 5. μ’…ν•© λ…Όμ˜ 161 κ°€. 체윑과 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ μ „λ¬Έμ„±μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜ 161 λ‚˜. κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜ 163 λ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • μ‹€ν–‰ 관점에 κ΄€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜ 165 β…€. κ²°λ‘  및 μ œμ–Έ 168 1. κ²°λ‘  168 2. μ œμ–Έ 170 κ°€. ν˜„μž₯ μ‹€μ²œμ„ μœ„ν•œ μ œμ–Έ 170 λ‚˜. 후속 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ œμ–Έ 172 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 173석

    MHC II dependent T-T interaction modulates PLZF expression during T cell development

    No full text
    Thesis(doctors) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό(면역학전곡),2010.2.Docto

    γ€Žλ²¨ μžγ€μ™€ γ€Žν˜Έλ°€λ°­μ˜ νŒŒμˆ˜κΎΌγ€μ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ μ†Œμ™Έμ™€ 우울의 문제

    Get PDF
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(μ˜μ–΄μ „κ³΅), 2013. 2. μ‹ λ¬Έμˆ˜.이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ„±μž₯μ†Œμ„€λ‘œμ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ λ…Όμ˜λ˜μ–΄ 온 μ‹€λΉ„μ•„ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€(Sylvia Plath)의 γ€Žλ²¨ 자 The Bell Jar』(1963)와 샐린저(J. D. Salinger)의 γ€Žν˜Έλ°€λ°­μ˜ 파수꾼 The Catcher in the Rye』(1951)μ—μ„œ 주인곡듀이 κ²ͺλŠ” 우울의 λ¬Έμ œμ™€ μš°μšΈμ„ κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ μ†Œμ™Έμ˜ 원인듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ³ μ°°ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 두 μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ€ μž‘ν’ˆ μ „λ°˜μ— 죽음의 이미지듀을 λ°°μΉ˜ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ£ΌμΈκ³΅λ“€μ˜ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 우울 μƒνƒœμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ£½μŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 좩동 ν˜Ήμ€ μš•λ§μ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•œλ‹€. γ€Žλ²¨ μžγ€μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 벨 자의 이미지와 죽은 νƒœμ•„μ˜ 이미지가 쀑심적 μœ„μΉ˜μ— 놓인닀. 벨 μžλŠ” μ§„κ³΅μ˜ μœ λ¦¬κ΄€μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ™ΈλΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ 곡기 μœ μž…μ΄ μ°¨λ‹¨λ˜λŠ” μ„±μ§ˆλ‘œ 인해 κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— κ°‡ν˜€ μžˆλŠ” 생물체λ₯Ό μ§ˆμ‹μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” 곡간이닀. λ˜ν•œ κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 투λͺ…성은 κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— κ°‡ν˜€ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ 밖을 λ‚΄λ‹€λ³΄λŠ” 것이 μ™„μ „νžˆ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ 함과 λ™μ‹œμ— 세상을 λ°”λΌλ³΄κ²Œλ§Œ ν•  뿐 그것에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” 없도둝 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ, 죽은 νƒœμ•„μ˜ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λŠ” μ‹€νŒ¨ ν˜Ήμ€ λ―Έμ™„μ„±κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆλ‹€. 정해진 주수λ₯Ό μ±„μš°μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  쀑간에 생λͺ…이 끊긴 μ•„κΈ°μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ€ λͺ©ν‘œν•œ λ°”λ₯Ό 이루지 λͺ»ν•΄ μ’Œμ ˆν•˜λŠ” 주인곡의 μžμ•„μƒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. μ—μŠ€λ”λŠ” 벨 자의 이미지와 죽은 νƒœμ•„μ˜ 이미지λ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ 자기 μžμ‹ μ„ 벨 μžμ— κ°‡ν˜€ 죽은 μ•„κΈ°λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•œλ‹€. γ€Žν˜Έλ°€λ°­μ˜ νŒŒμˆ˜κΎΌγ€μ— λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 죽음의 이미지듀 κ°€μš΄λ° μ£Όλͺ©ν•  λ§Œν•œ 것은 죽은 μ•¨λ¦¬μ˜ 이미지이닀. 홀든은 동생 μ•¨λ¦¬μ˜ μ£½μŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 죄책감과 λ™μ‹œμ— 두렀움을 κ°–λŠ”λ‹€. 즉, κ·ΈλŠ” 앨리가 μ–Έμ œλ“  μžμ‹ μ„ 죽음으둜 이끌 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 곡포λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” μ•¨λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό κ±Έλ©° μ•¨λ¦¬μ˜ 망상에 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘νžŒ λ“―ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보인닀. λ˜ν•œ μ„ΌνŠΈλŸ΄ 파크 μ˜€λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ 이미지 μ—­μ‹œ μ£½μŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν™€λ“ μ˜ 강박을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. 홀든은 겨울철 μ˜€λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ μ•ˆμœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ§‘μ°©μ μœΌλ‘œ νƒ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 물으며 ν˜Έμˆ˜κ°€ μ–Όμ–΄ μ˜€λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ λ™μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ—Όλ €ν•œλ‹€. μ˜€λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ μ£½μŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것은 곧 자기 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ£½μŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆμ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ” 것이닀. 즉, 홀든은 ν˜Έμˆ˜κ°€ μ–Όλ©΄ 갈 곳이 μ—†μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μ˜€λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ μ²˜μ§€μ™€, μ•ˆμ‹μ²˜λ₯Ό μžƒκ³  μΆ”μœ„ 속에 λ°©ν™©ν•˜λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ™μΌμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ—μŠ€λ”μ™€ 홀든이 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 우울의 원인을 μ†Œμ™Έλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, 그듀은 μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 그리고 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ†Œμ™Έλœλ‹€. κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ†Œμ™Έμ—λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ λ§₯락과 개인적인 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ λ³΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€. μš°μ„  μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ§₯락의 영ν–₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄, 2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ 이후 미ꡭ에 μ°Ύμ•„μ˜¨ 경제적 ν’μš”λŠ” 물질주의λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜κ³  두 주인곡은 그것을 μ¦κΈ°λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 달리 그것을 λΉ„νŒν•˜κ³  κ±°λΆ€ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 경제적 ν’μš”λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μˆœμ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ••λ°• μ—­μ‹œ μ£ΌμΈκ³΅λ“€μ—κ²Œ 큰 λΆ€λ‹΄μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•œλ‹€. κ°€μ •μ΄λΌλŠ” μšΈνƒ€λ¦¬ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 아내와 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ—­ν• λ§Œμ„ κ°•μš”ν•˜λŠ” λ‚¨μ„±μ€‘μ‹¬μ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μ—κ²Œ 큰 고민을 κ°€μ Έλ‹€μ€€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 홀든은 μ‚¬νšŒ μ£Όλ₯˜μΈ΅μ˜ 사고방식과 행동을 λΉ„νŒν•˜λ©° 그듀을 κ±°μ§“λ˜λ‹€κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³ , λŒ€μ‹  νƒ€μΈμ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ— 상관없이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 신념에 따라 ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œμˆ˜μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 동정과 애정을 ν‘œν˜„ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ§₯락뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 개인적인 κ²½ν—˜ μ—­μ‹œ 두 μ£ΌμΈκ³΅λ“€μ˜ μ†Œμ™Έμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”λ°, μ—μŠ€λ”μ™€ 홀든은 κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μΈκ°„κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œλ‹€. 특히 이 두 주인곡은 λͺ¨λ“  μΈκ°„κ΄€κ³„μ˜ 기본이 λ˜λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨μ™€μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ•ˆμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€. μ—μŠ€λ”λŠ” μ–΄λ¦° λ‚˜μ΄μ— μžƒμ€ 아버지λ₯Ό κ·Έλ¦¬μ›Œν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, 아버지가 죽은 원인을 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ—κ²Œλ‘œ 돌리고 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό 맀우 μ¦μ˜€ν•œλ‹€. μ—μŠ€λ”κ°€ λΆ€λͺ¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°–λŠ” 감정은 맀우 κ°•λ ¬ν•œ 것인 λ°˜λ©΄μ— 홀든이 λΆ€λͺ¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°–λŠ” 감정은 거의 μ—†λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μž‘ν’ˆ μ†μ—μ„œ ν™€λ“ μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ ν™€λ“ μ—κ²Œ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯은 λ―Έλ―Έν•˜λ©° 홀든과 λΆ€λͺ¨ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μœ λŒ€λŠ” 맀우 μ•½ν•˜λ‹€. λ°”μœ 아버지와 건강이 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 홀든과 μ–΄λ–€ 의미 μžˆλŠ” 관계도 맺지 λͺ»ν•œλ‹€. μ—μŠ€λ”μ™€ 홀든은 μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 피상적인 μΈκ°„κ΄€κ³„λ§Œμ„ λ§ΊλŠ”λ‹€. κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 친ꡬ라고 λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§Œν•œ 이가 μ—†κ³  그듀이 λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έμ € 그듀을 μŠ€μ³μ§€λ‚˜κ°ˆ 뿐 진심이 λ‹΄κΈ΄ μ†Œν†΅μ€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. 그듀은 μžμ‹ μ˜ 고톡을 털어놓을 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 주변에 아무도 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ, ν™€λ“ μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 여동생 ν”ΌλΉ„κ°€ κ·Έλ₯Ό μš°μšΈμ—μ„œ κ΅¬μΆœν•΄λ‚Ό μœ μΌν•œ κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œλœλ‹€. μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 물질주의적이고 κ±°μ§“λœ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 ν”ΌλΉ„λŠ” μˆœμˆ˜ν•˜κ³  ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ 인물둜 λ¬˜μ‚¬λœλ‹€. λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ—μŠ€λ”μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 피비와 같은 인물이 μ—†μœΌλ―€λ‘œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λκΉŒμ§€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 고톡을 ν™€λ‘œ κ°λ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€.This thesis aims to ponder upon the issue of the protagonists' depression and to explore the causes of isolation in The Bell jar(1963) by Sylvia Plath and The Catcher in the Rye(1951) by J. D. Salinger which have been discussed together as Bildungsroman for a long time. The authors express the protagonists' urge or desire for death along with their severe depression by placing the images of death throughout the entire works. In The Bell Jar, the image of the bell jar in the lab and the image of a dead fetus are central. The bell jar, a vacuous glass tube, is a place where the inflow of the air from outside is blocked and thus the creature in it may be suffocated. Also, although its transparency makes it perfectly possible for a person trapped in it to see outside, it blocks him or her from participating in the outside world. Meanwhile, the image of a dead fetus is connected with 'failure' or 'incompleteness.' The appearance of a baby who lost its life without having reached its final week before birth equals to the self-image of the protagonist who is in despair for she has not accomplished her settled goals. Esther combines the image of the bell jar and the image of the dead fetus, thus expressing herself 'the dead baby in the bell jar.' Among the many death images in The Catcher in the Rye, the most noteworthy one is the image of 'dead Alley'. Holden feels guilty and fear at the same time toward his brother Alley's death. That is, he is afraid that anytime Alley may bring him to death. He seems haunted by the delusion of Alley, talking ceaselessly to him. Also, the image of ducks in the Central Park represents Holden's obsession for death. Holden compulsively asks others about the safety of the ducks during winter and is deeply concerned that they may become frozen to death. That he worries about the death of the ducks exposes his anxiety about his own death. He identifies himself, wandering in cold weather without any place to rest, with the condition of the ducks which will have no place to go after the lake freezes. Alienation is the cause of depression Esther and Holden sufferthey are alienated from the society and people around them. Their alienation is complexively affected by the social context and their own personal experience. In terms of the social context, the economic affluence in America after the World War II has brought about materialism, which the two protagonists do not accept. Additionally, the pressure of social conformity based on economic affluence is burdensome for them. The androcentric society which forces a woman to take the role of only wife and mother within the fence of home causes Esther to distress herself. Also, Holden criticizes the way of thinking and behavior of people in the social mainstream and evaluates them as 'phonies.' Instead, he reveals his sympathy and affection toward minorities who act following their own faith regardless of others' ideas. Not only this social context but also personal experiences affect the alienation of the two protagonistsEsther and Holden in common go through failure in relationships. In the first place, they fail to establish any appropriate relationship with parents, which is supposed to be the basis of all kinds of other relationships. While Esther misses her dead father sho lost at a young age, she attributes the cause of his death to her mother, hating her extremely. Whereas the emotions Esther bears toward her parents are very intense, Holden's emotions for his parents are almost blank. The influence from his parents on him is very little and the bond between Holden and his parents is weak. Holden does not build any meaningful relationship with his busy father and his sick mother. Esther and Holden relate to many people they meet in only a superficial way. They have no ones they may call 'friends' and the people they meet just slide by without any heartful communication occurring. They find nobody to whom they may confide their own torment. No one but Holden's younger sister Phoebe is suggested as a sole possibility to save him from his depression. Unlike other materialistic and phony people, Phoebe is described as a pure and devoted one. On the other hand, Esther, who has no one like Phoebe around her, handles her agony alone to the end.I. μ„œλ‘  ………………………………………………………………1 II. γ€Žλ²¨ μžγ€ 1. 죽음의 이미지…………………………………………………15 2. μ†Œμ™Έμ˜ 원인 2.1 μ‚¬νšŒμ  원인 2.1.1 물질주의 …………………………………………………28 2.1.2 획일주의: μ—¬μ„± μ–΅μ•• ……………………………………35 2.2 개인적 원인: μΈκ°„κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹€νŒ¨ ……………………44 III. γ€Žν˜Έλ°€λ°­μ˜ νŒŒμˆ˜κΎΌγ€ 1. 죽음의 이미지 …………………………………………………75 2. μ†Œμ™Έμ˜ 원인 2.1 μ‚¬νšŒμ  원인 2.1.1 물질주의 …………………………………………………83 2.1.2 획일주의: μ£Όλ₯˜μ˜ 거짓됨 ………………………………89 2.2 개인적 원인: μΈκ°„κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹€νŒ¨ ……………………103 IV. κ²°λ‘  …………………………………………………………117 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ …………………………………………………………128 Abstract …………………………………………………………133Maste
    corecore