78 research outputs found

    이질적 경제주체 기반의 κ±°μ‹œκ²½μ œν•™μ— κ΄€ν•œ 에세이

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ κ²½μ œν•™λΆ€, 2017. 8. 이철인.This doctoral dissertation consists of the intersection of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling, including heterogeneous agents, and the subjects of public finance and labor economics. The first chapter explains a puzzling empirical phenomenon regarding fertility rate in the United States. Over the last few decades, high-income females have demonstrated a tendency to have more children in the U.S. At the same time, household income structure has changed, becoming more unequal and more favorable to females. However, these changes appear contradictory to the predictions found in classical fertility literature, which suggest that high-income women exhibit low fertility due to the high opportunity cost of raising children. To account for this puzzling empirical phenomenon, we offer a fertility choice model with preference heterogeneity on having children, which allows for a comparative advantage between employment outside the home and child-rearing. We highlight the composition effect of females who desire children newly entering the high-income group, while females less desirous of children exit as the income structure changes. Our model accounts for 55% of the observed variation in the complete fertility rate, while the comparable model without composition effect fails to explain the observation. We also decompose various income shocks and find that changes in skill premium represent the major factor behind the phenomenon. The second chapter examines the quantitative effects of population aging driven by declining mortality and fertility rates. We also study the macroeconomic effects of raising the mandatory retirement age in such an aging economy. When the mortality rate decreases, aggregate capital increases since individuals save more for a longer retirement. In contrast, an increase in aggregate labor input is negligible since lower mortality rates primarily affect those who are out of the labor force. When the fertility rate decreases, both aggregate labor and capital inputs shrink radically because the aggregate population diminishes along with the working age population and aggregate savings plunges due to a downsized population. We analyze the effects of population aging when the mortality rate of all ages decreases by 1% each year and the population growth rate declines from 0.7% to 0.3%. A huge drop in aggregate labor input drags down aggregate output by about 15%. The pension system will run a big budget deficit with more retirees and a smaller number of workers. The government can alleviate the negative effects of population aging by raising the mandatory retirement age. When workers retirements are postponed by either three or five years, both aggregate labor input and capital increase, and pension deficits are significantly reduced.I. Do High-Income Females Have More Children?: Relaxing Homogeneous Preference and Composition Change . 1 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1 Complete Fertility: Target Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 The Change in Income Structure: Input . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 The model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 Household Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.1 Period One: Young Adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.2 Period Two: Middle Adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2.3 Period Three: Old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2.4 Period Zero: Education Choice and Marriage . . . 20 3.2.5 Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2.6 Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.2.7 Recursive Stationary Equilibrium . . . . . . . . 24 4 Matching the Model to U.S. Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5 The Result of Benchmark Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.1 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 The Change of Wage Structure and Fertility Choice . . . . . . . . . 30 6.1 Total Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.1.1 The Measure of Explanatory Power . . . . . . . . 30 6.1.2 Total Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.2 Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.2.1 Skill Premium (SKP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.2.2 Gender Wage Gap (GWG) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2.3 Income Volatility (VOL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.2.4 Relative Importance of Each Factor . . . . . . . . 42 7 Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7.1 The Composition Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7.2 The Effect of Preference on the CFR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7.2.1 Implication from the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7.2.2 Empirical Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 9.1 Related Literature: Strong Income Effect and Weak Substitution Effect . . . . . . 50 9.2 Cohort Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 9.3 Proof of the Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 9.4 Toy Model: The Fertility Theory meats the Roy-Bojas Model 55 9.5 Supplement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 9.6 Regularity Condition for Endogeneity Problem . . . . . . . 57 9.6.1 Endogeneity Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 9.6.2 Regularity Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 II. Population Aging and the Extension of Retirement Age Quantitative Analysis using Overlapping Generation Model . 59 1 Purpose and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2 Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.1 Value Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 2.1.1 The Retirees Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 2.1.2 The Employees Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 2.1.3 The Unemployeds Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.2 Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.1 Analysis of the Population Aging Phenomenon . . . . . . . 68 3.1.1 Increase in Average Life Expectancy . . . . . . . 69 3.1.2 Deepening low birth rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3.2 Quantification of the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.1 Effect of Reduction in Mortality Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.1.1 Changes in Macroeconomic Variables . . . . . . 74 4.1.2 Changes in Income Inequality . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.2 Effects of Reduction in Fertility Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.2.1 Changes in Macroeconomic Variables . . . . . . 81 4.2.2 Changes in Income Inequality . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4.3 Effects of Both Declining Mortality and Fertility Rate . . . 87 4.3.1 Changes in Macroeconomic Variables . . . . . . 87 4.3.2 Changes in Income Inequality . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5 The Effect of the Retirement Age Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 5.1 Extension of Retirement Age to 60 Years of Age . . . . . . 92 5.2 Extension of Retirement Age to 65 Years of Age . . . . . . 96 5.3 Changes in Income Inequality with Retirement Age Extension 97 6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 ꡭ문초둝 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Docto

    A Study on the Expression of Locality in the Architectural Works of Wangshu

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 건좕학과, 2013. 2. κΉ€κ΄‘ν˜„.ν˜„λŒ€ 건좕은 κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬κ³Ό μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μΈμ‹λ³€ν™”λ‘œ 인해 점점 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 건좕섀계λ₯Ό 함에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 지역문화λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•  것인가, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 지역문화λ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³  섀계할 κ²ƒμΈκ°€μ˜ λ…ΌμŸμ€ κ³„μ†λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 각 지역문화λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•œ μ„€κ³„λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ ꡬ체적인 것듀을 기반으둜 ν•  것인가에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•΄κ²° 방식은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜λ‹€. κ·Έ 쀑 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 건좕가 μ™•μ‘€λ₯Ό 보면, 지역문화에 λ°œμ„ λ”›κ³  μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ „ν†΅κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Έν™”μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό ν˜„μ‹œλŒ€ 건좕언어λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 건좕에 μΉ¨νˆ¬μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° λ…Έλ ₯ν•œ 건좕가라고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. 건좕 μž¬λ£Œμ™€ ꡬ좕 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 전톡과 ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 결합을 λ³Ό 수 있고, λ˜ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ 곡간, 배치 λ“±μ—μ„œ 차용, 이미지화, λ””ν…ŒμΌλ§ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ±΄μΆ•μˆ˜λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 지역성을 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 건좕과 μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½κ³Όμ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œλ„ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 문화와 전톡정원을 기반으둜 ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό 수 있고, 건좕을 톡해 μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ„μ‹œ, μ‚¬νšŒμ— λŒ€μ‘ν•¨μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€μ—­λ¬Έν™”μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό 차용, 이미지화, λ””ν…ŒμΌλ§μ˜ 건좕적 μˆ˜λ²•λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ μ „ν†΅λ¬Έν™”μ˜ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ™€ 곡간, λ°°μΉ˜λ§Œμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이 κ²°μ½” μ§„μ •ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ„±μ˜ ν‘œν˜„μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§„μ •ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ„±μ˜ μ‚¬μƒμ—μ„œ 빠지면 μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†ŒλŠ” μš©λ„λ‹€. μ‹œκ°, 촉각, 청각, 후각 λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, ν˜•νƒœ, 곡간, 사상, μš©λ„ 등이 κ²°ν•©λ˜μ–΄ κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Όμ˜ μš©λ„μ— λΆ€ν•© 될 λ•Œ μ§„μ •ν•œ 지역성이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이번 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ™•μ‘€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆλΆ„μ„μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ, μ™•μ‘€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ μ§€μ—­μ„±μ˜ ν‘œν˜„λ°©μ‹μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬, μ§„μ •ν•œ 지역성에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ νƒκ΅¬ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ™•μ‘€ μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 건좕과 μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½, μ‚¬λžŒ, λ„μ‹œ, μ‚¬νšŒ, λ¬Έν™” 6μžκ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•΄λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 건좕가가 건좕을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ„μ‹œμ™€ μ‚¬νšŒμ— λ°˜μ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방식을 μ°ΎλŠ”λ‹€. λ™μ‹œμ— μ™•μ‘€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆλΆ„μ„μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 지역문화, 전톡곡법, μ „ν†΅μž¬λ£Œμ™€ ꡬ좕 등이 ν˜„μ‹œλŒ€ κ±΄μΆ•μ‚¬μš©μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ λ„ 탐ꡬ해본닀.1. μ„œ λ‘  1.1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ  1.2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό 방법 1.3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 진행과 흐름도 2. 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ˜ˆλΉ„ κ³ μ°° 2.1. μΌ€λ„€μŠ€ ν”„λž¨ν„΄μ˜ λΉ„νŒμ  μ§€μ—­μ£Όμ˜ 2.1.1. λΉ„νŒμ  μ§€μ—­μ£Όμ˜μ˜ λ°œμƒ κ³Όμ • 2.1.2. μΌ€λ„€μŠ€ ν”„λž¨ν„΄μ˜ λΉ„νŒμ  μ§€μ—­μ£Όμ˜μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 2.2. κ°œν˜κ°œλ°©μ΄ν›„ μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν˜„λŒ€κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ³ μ°° 2.2.1 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‹΄λ‘  2.2.2. μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν˜„λŒ€κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μ˜ μ‹€μ²œ 2.3. 지역문화에 κ΄€ν•œ 이둠적 κ³ μ°° 2.4. 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μ„ μœ„ν•œ μš”μ†Œ 3. μ™•μ‘€μ˜ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μˆ˜λ²•μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ˜ˆλΉ„ κ³ μ°° 3.1. μ™•μ‘€μ˜ μ—°λŒ€μ  ν™œλ™μ—μ„œ 바라본 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μˆ˜λ²•μ˜ λ³€ν™” 3.2. μ™•μ‘€μ™€μ˜ μΈν„°λ·°μ—μ„œ 바라본 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μˆ˜λ²• 3.3. μ™•μ‘€μ˜ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μˆ˜λ²•μ— κ΄€ν•œ 평가 3.3.1 긍정적 평가 3.3.2 λΉ„νŒκ³Ό 문제 제기 3.4. μ™•μ‘€ μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„μˆ˜λ²• 4. μ™•μ‘€ κ±΄μΆ•μ˜ 지역성 ν‘œν˜„ μš”μ†Œ 4.1. μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½μš”μ†Œ 4.1.1. μžμ—°μ•ˆμ˜ 건좕 4.1.2. κ±΄μΆ•μ•ˆμ˜ μžμ—° 4.1.3. λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” μžμ—° 4.2. 전톡건좕곡간과 배치 4.2.1. 'μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ 곡간' 4.2.2. '눈의 곡간' 4.2.3. κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Όλ°°μΉ˜μ™€ μ‚°μˆ˜ν™” 4.3. μ „ν†΅κ±΄μΆ•ν˜•νƒœ 4.3.1. μ§€κ°μ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 차용 4.3.2. κ°œλ…μ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 차용 4.4. 건좕 재료 4.4.1. ꡬ쑰재둜의 μ‚¬μš© 4.4.2. ν‘œν”Όλ‘œμ˜ μ‚¬μš© 4.5. μ†Œκ²° 5. κ²° λ‘  μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ λΆ€ 둝 AbstractMaste

    ZnO의 μΉ˜λ°€ν™”μ— Bi2O3κ°€ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μž¬λ£Œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€,2008.2Maste

    [2008년도 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬] μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν™˜κ²½μ•ˆμ „κ΅μœ‘ κ²°κ³Ό 및 톡계

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    2008년도 2μ›” μ •κΈ°κ΅μœ‘λΆ€ν„° 2009λ…„ 3μ›” 사 μ΄λ²„κ΅μœ‘κΉŒμ§€ ν™˜κ²½μ•ˆμ „μ› ν™ˆνŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ΄€ 리 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ ν†΅ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ•ˆμ „κ΅μœ‘ λŒ€μƒμž 및 수료자 ν˜„ν™©μ„ λŒ€ν•™ 및 학뢀별, 연도별, 캠퍼슀 λ³„λ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 달라진 점이 무엇인 지λ₯Ό ν‘œμ™€ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 비ꡐ해 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€

    The Aspects of Acceptance of Hong Kong Cinema in South Korea in around 1990

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    λ§ˆν‚€μ•„λ²¨λ¦¬μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ν‰λ‘  : β‰ͺλ¦¬λΉ„μš°μŠ€ 논고≫λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ •μΉ˜ν•™κ³Ό,2003.Maste
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