Development and validation of Speech Range Profile task

The study aimed to develop Speech Range Profile (SRP) and to examine and validate its clinical application. Forty-five participants without voice disorders aged 18-29 years were compared using SRP and Voice Range Profile (VRP). The authors developed the “Fire!” paragraph as a SRP task compromising 14 sentences including all Korean spoken phonemes and sentence types. To compare SRP and VRP results, the participants read the paragraph (reading) and counted from 21 to 30 (counting) as a part of SRP tasks, and produced a vowel /a/ from low to high frequencies (gliding) and a shortened form of the VRP as a part of VRP tasks. F0max, F0min, F0range, Imax, Imin, and Irange for each task were measured and compared, showing that F0max, F0min, F0range, Imax, and Irange were not different between reading and gliding. Imin, had the lowest value in counting. It is concluded that the newly developed SRP task, reading the “Fire” paragraph, can yield a maximum phonation range similar to that found by VRP. Therefore, it is expected that voice evaluation can be effectively performed in a relatively short time by applying SRP with the “Fire” paragraph, a functional utterance task, in place of VRP, which may be difficult to measure long term or in cases of severe voice disorders.ope

Prediction of speaking fundamental frequency using the voice and speech range profiles in normal adults

This study sought to investigate whether mean speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) can be predicted by parameters of voice and speech range profile (VRP and SRP) in Korean normal adults. Moreover, it explored whether gender differences exist in the absolute differences between the SFF and estimated SFF (ESFF) predicted by the VRP and SRP. A total of 85 native Korean speakers with normal voice participated in the study. Each participant was asked to perform the VRP task using the vowel /a/ and the SRP task using the first sentence of a Korean standard passage “Ga-eul”. In addition, the SFF was measured with electroglottography during a passage reading task. Predictive factors of the SFF were explored and the absolute difference between the SFF and the ESFF (DSFF) was compared between gender groups. Results indicated that predictive factors were age, gender, minimum pitch and pitch range for the VRP (adjusted R2 = .931), and pitch range (in semi-tones) and maximum pitch for the SRP (adjusted R2 = .963), respectively. The SFF and ESFF predicted by the VRP and SRP showed a strong positive correlation. The DSFF of the VRP and SRP, as well as their sum did not differ by gender. In conclusion, the SFF during a passage reading task could be successfully predicted by the parameters of the VRP and SRP tasks. In further studies, clinical implications need to be explored in patients who may exhibit deviations in SFF.ope

A Comparison of Voice Activity and Participation Profiles according to the Patterns of Professional Voice Use

Objectives: The present study sought to investigate whether voice activity and participation profiles differ according to the patterns of professional voice use upon controlling for presence of benign vocal fold lesions (BVFL), gender, and severity of voice disorders. Methods: A total of 120 patients with BVFL and 120 normal controls were recruited for this study. Each participant was divided into four groups (30 participants for each group) according to the levels of professional voice use: elite vocal performer (group I), professional voice user (group II), non-vocal professional (group III), and non-vocal non-professional (group IV). The Korean version of the Voice Activity and Participation Profile (K-VAPP) and the GRBAS scale were performed. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict each K-VAPP subscale score. Results: Upon controlling for presence of BVFL, gender, and severity, group I showed higher score in the job subsection (β=8.231, p<.001), whereas group II showed higher scores in the total score (β=26.647, p=.002), activity limitation score (β=9.639, p=.002), participation restriction score (β=11.376, p=.001), and subsections of job (β=7.124, p<.001) and social communication (β=4.553, p=.001) compared to the reference group (IV). On the contrary, group III did not show difference compared to the reference group. Conclusion: The current results indicated that subjective voice complaint of professional voice users is not less than that of elite vocal performers. Further research pertaining to more detailed profiles of various professions is needed.ope

Clinical Usefulness of Voice Recordings using a Smartphone as a Screening Tool for Voice Disorders

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether selected acoustic measures and estimates differ according to the recording devices, the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) and a smartphone, and groups. In addition, correlation and reliability between the devices were explored. Lastly, the diagnostic ability of the two devices were compared. Methods: A total of 180 participants (90 patients and 90 controls) participated in the study. Vowel samples of the participants were recorded via the CSL and an android smartphone. For each sample, acoustic parameters including jitter percent (Jitt), shimmer percent (Shim), noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), L/H ratio, Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID) were measured. Two-way repeated measures of ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and ROC curve analysis were performed. Results: Interaction effect for Jitt, Shim, NHR, and σCPP between groups and devices were found. F0 measures of the smartphone were higher than those of the CSL. CPP and SR of the CSL and patients were higher than those of the smartphone and controls, respectively. In contrast, CSID and σSR were higher for the smartphone. All the parameters showed positive correlation between devices. There was no difference in the area under curve between the devices, although substantially different cut-off scores were obtained. Conclusion: The current data showed a significant correlation of acoustic measures and no difference in the diagnostic ability between the devices, although differences in several measures and higher cut-off scores of the smartphone were noted. In conclusion, smartphones can be used as a screening tool for voice disorders.ope

경기도 수원시 지역을 사례로

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사회과학대학 지리학과, 2021. 2. 박수진.인위토양(Anthrosols)은 기후, 지질 및 지형 등 기존의 자연환경조건에 의해 발생하는 자연토양에 집약적 토지이용, 대규모 피복변화 등 인간 주도적 현상이 더해져 형성되는 토양으로 규정된다. 인위토양의 형성은 도시화 전개를 통해 공간적으로 확산하며 토양이용가치를 저하시키고 회복과정에 소요되는 비용 증가를 초래한다. 따라서 지속가능한 토지이용을 달성키 위해서는 시가화 지역과 교외 점이지대에 형성될 수 있는 인위토양에 대한 연구가 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 자연토양과 인위토양이 소유역이라는 특정한 공간단위에서 분화하는 양상과 토양 특성의 차이점, 그리고 그것이 관찰되는 위치적 차별성에 대하여 분석하였다. 자연적 토양형성 우세–인위적 토양형성 우세로 간주되는 2개 소유역을 선정하고 토양형성의 지형적 연속성을 근거로 한 Catena 개념에 기초하여 두 유역을 6개 사면단위로 분류하여 토양의 특성들을 상호 비교하여 도출한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상인 용인-수원시 일대 자연유역과 인위유역에서 나타나는 토양특성은 공간적으로 차별적인 분포를 보였다. 조사된 토양특성을 수분함량과 강열감량은 Footslope-Toeslope 등 사면하부를 중심으로 높게 나타났으며 수평적으로 넓게 분포한 반면 pH와 EC의 분포는 다소 파편화된 분포를 보이고 있었다. CEC의 분포 또한 수분함량과 강열감량의 분포와 유사하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 각 토양특성간의 상관관계로부터 토양 내 수분이 강열감량(r=0.63, 0.25), CEC(r=0.34, 0.54)와 높은 상관관계를 가짐을 감안할 때 Footslope 사면단위를 기점으로 변화하는 유역 사면굴곡의 요철(concavity)와 그에 따른 물질의 확산작용(diffusive processes)에 민감하게 분포하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 통해 일정한 수문학적 프로세스를 규정하는 소유역 공간스케일과 지표면 물질흐름특성을 지표형태 구분을 통해 반영한 Catena 사면유역단위에서 토양특성이 서로 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다. 둘째, 각 비교기준을 통한 토양특성의 차이를 살펴보면 주로 수분함량과 강열감량, CEC에 대해 유의한 설명력(19-28%)을 보였였고, pH와 EC의 경우 전체적으로 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 설명력이 낮았던 이유는 토양특성비교를 위해 분류과정에서 채택한 공간스케일과 관련된 문제 그리고 지형변수의 측선 토양의 변이성과 연속성을 고려하지 못했던 점을 거론할 수 있다. 셋째, 인위토양특성의 분포 차이를 유역별, 측선별 구분과 Catena 사면단위 분류 중 가장 잘 설명할 수 있는 기준을 탐색하였다. 유역구분에 의한 비교는 수분함량과 CEC에 대해 유의한 설명력(21-23%)을 보였고, 측선별 비교는 강열감량과 CEC에서 유의한 결과(19-28%)가 나타났다. 사면단위에 따른 구분에 있어서는 EC를 제외한 모든 특성에서 유의한 결과가 산출되었다15-26%). 즉 토양특성 형성의 지형적 연속성의 개념을 적용한 Catena 사면단위분류방식을 고려한 비교에서 토양의 분포가 가장 잘 설명되었다. 하지만 각 토양특성에 따라 상관계수와 변이도에서 차이가 드러났으며 공간적 분포의 특정에서 어려움이 있다. pH와 EC 등 일부 토양특성의 차별적 발생을 규명하기 위해서는 이산적 공간단위 범주와 토양형성과 관련된 연속적인 환경변수를 종합적으로 고려하는 방식이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 소유역범위에서 추출하여 조사된 토양자료를 통제된 공간명목범주를 통해 비교하여 인위토양이 드러내는 토양특성의 차이를 평가하였다. 연구지역의 토양에 대해 소유역의 특정과 지형분류기법을 이용하여 비교의 공간범주를 구체화할 수 있었고 각 토양특성의 차이가 어떠한 비교기준에서 고려되었을 때 보다 분명한 변화를 나타내는가의 결과를 제시하였다. 해당 결과를 통해 불연속적 토양경관 또는 특정 용도지역과 같은 사례단위 연구로 이루어지던 기존 인위토양 연구방식에서 더 나아가 소유역과 그 사면단위 등 보다 일반적으로 적용 가능한 지형분류결과상의 연구지역에서 나타나는 인위토양특성의 공간적 분포특성과 토양특성이 갖는 차이를 밝힐 수 있다. 이를 통해 국토 전반에 공통적으로 사용될 수 있는, 소유역 사면에 대한 지형분류 결과를 이용하여 시가화 진행지역이나 개발예정지와 같은 관심지역에서 나타나는 인위토양특성의 분석에 적합한 절차를 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 산지전용 부담이 증가하는 국토관리와 산지토양관리에서 인위토양의 분포와 특성을 이해하고 적절한 관리방안 수립의 기초자료로서 기여할 것으로 기대한다.A soil type referred as ‘anthrosols’ is defined, in general, to be formed under heavy modification to given pedogenic conditions such as climate, parent material and landscape, mainly due to an addition of human-driven activities that include intensive land uses or land cover changes to natural soils. Formation of anthrosols proliferates with geographic spread of urbanization, deteriorates soil value and inflates soil reclamation cost. Thus, it is crucial to scrutinize issues related to anthrosols that could potentially be produced in urban areas and suburb-urban transitional areas for sustainable land use. This study intended to analyse diversion and spatial distribution of natural soil and anthrosols soil characteristics in certain spatial unit – subwatershed slope. Two separate subwatersheds are selected from study area, each represents natural pedogenesis dominant and anthropogenic pedogenesis dominant, then classified into 6 slope units based on the concept of Catena for detailed comparisons. Results of the study are as follows: Firstly, research indicates that in study area vicinity of Suwon regions, studied soil characteristics demonstrate distinctive spatial distribution. Soil moist and loss on ignition(LOI) show evident concentration in down slope areas throughout Footslope-Toeslope units. On contrary, distributions of soil pH and electrical conductivity(EC) show fragmented patterns. Secondly, natural-anthrosols soil comparisons of the slope classifications and transects show statistical significance, explain 19-28% of the variance in soil characteristics between natural soils and anthrosols, except pH and EC. The cause of this low statistical significnace shown in pH and EC requires further extensive study. Lastly it is estimated that each of spatial unit utilized to compare anthrosols’ properties varies in characteristics. subwatershed approach explain 21-23% of soil moist and cation exchange capacity(CEC), while transect approach shows 19-28% of variance of LOI and CEC. The catena approach shows statistical significance in most of properties by 15-26%. In summary, the result shows that the statistical significance of Catena slope classification units for turn out to be higher than other spatial units.Ⅰ. 서론 1 1. 연구 배경 1 2. 인위토양의 규정 3 3. 인위토양 관련 연구동향 4 1) 토양학적 관점에서의 인위토양연구 6 2) 농업자원 관점에서의 인위토양연구 8 3) 기존연구범위의 한계와 개선방안 10 4. 연구 목적 11 5. 연구내용과 논문의 구성 12 Ⅱ. 연구지역과 연구방법 14 1. 연구지역 14 2. 연구방법 17 1) 토양형성의 기본단위로서 유역이 갖는 의미 17 2) 소유역 사면단위의 분류방법 18 3) 토양 전처리과정과 이화학적 특성 조사방법 26 4) 조사된 토양특성의 공간단위 비교와 평가 29 Ⅲ. 자연토양대비 인위토양의 토양특성차이 32 1. 자연-인위 유역단위 토양특성의 비교 32 1) 유역단위 토양특성의 기술통계 32 2) 유역단위 토양특성 사이의 상관관계 35 3) 유역별 토양특성의 공간적 분포 37 2. 측선별 토양특성차이 비교평가 45 1) 시료채취 측선별 토양단면의 변화 46 2) 시료채취 측선별 토성 49 3) 시료채취 측선별 토양 특성의 비교 51 3. 사면단위별 토양특성차이 비교평가 54 1) 사면단위별 토양특성차이 분석 54 2) 토양특성차이 소결 61 4. 토양특성 비교방식에 따른 인위토양 특성차이 평가 63 1) 사면단위별 토양특성차이 분석 54 2) 토양특성차이 소결 61 Ⅳ. 결론 66 참고문헌 70 Abstract 78 부록 81 A. 상관분석표 82 B. 토양특성표 개괄 83Maste

Radiological and acoustic characteristics of “Arae-a” (/ㆍ/) articulation in Jeju language speakers

The purpose of the present study was to explore the radiological and acoustic characteristics of “Arae-a” (/ㆍ/) articulation in two male Jeju language speakers, focusing on selected measures in radiological images derived from computed tomography scans, as well as the first and the second formant measures in selected vowels. An elderly male speaker (a 78-year-old) and a young male speaker (a 34-year-old) participated in the study. During the production of four selected vowels , the shape of the vocal tract was identified, and selected measures were obtained from the elderly participant’s computed tomography (CT) scans. For acoustic analysis, the participants were given a list of near-minimal pairs consisting of 112 words and asked to read them aloud. The results indicated that the “Arae-a” (/ㆍ/) articulation of the elderly speaker showed unique acoustic and radiological characteristics compared to other similar vowels, thus presenting substantial consistency with the descriptions of the “Hunminjeongeum Haeryebon.” In contrast, the F1 and F2 measures of the young male’s /ㆍ/ articulation were not distinguished from those of /ㅗ/. Current results, in part, support the scientific principles underlying the invention of “Arae-a,” which reflects the shape of the vocal tract during production, and the necessity for further research.ope

문단 내 위치에 따른 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 측정치 비교

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether cepstral and spectral measures differ according to measurement position in a reading passage, upon controlling for the overall severity of voice disorders. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of perceptual estimates in each position was explored. Methods Thirty-five patients with voice disorders and 35 normal controls were asked to read the standard passage ‘Ga-eul’. For each sample, sentence samples of 26–30 syllable length were trimmed in 3 positions (front, middle, rear) of the passage, measuring cepstral peak prominence (CPP), L/H spectral ratio, and standard deviations (SDs). Overall severity from the CAPE-V was measured perceptually. Upon controlling for severity, cepstral measures were compared between groups and positions. The association of acoustic measures with overall severity was explored by conducting a multiple regression analysis in each position. The diagnostic value of perceptual estimates derived from acoustic measures was explored using ROC curve analysis. Results Results indicated that CPP of the rear position was lower than that of the middle position, while SD of the L/H ratio of the rear position was higher than those of the front and middle positions. On the other hand, the relationship between perceptual and cepstral and spectral measures, along with the diagnostic value, was the highest for the front position. Conclusion It is recommended that the variability of the cepstral and spectral measures among positions be considered in research and clinical practice.ope

A comparison of acoustic & electroglottographic measures according to voiced lip trill methods

The purpose of the current study was to compare selected acoustic and electroglottographic measures (closed quotient, pitch, and loudness) among vowel phonation, traditional voiced lip trill (VLTT), modified voiced lip trill methods (VLTM). A total of 21 participants without voice complaints produced 4-second long samples using each phonation method. Results indicated that mean closed quotient of VLTM was higher than that of vowel phonation and VLTT, while its range and standard deviation measures were higher than those of vowel phonation. Mean, range, standard deviation, maximum of pitch measures of VLTM were higher than those of vowel phonation. Lastly, mean and maximum loudness of the VLTM were higher than VLTT. In conclusion, the current data indicate the possibility to use the VLTM as a training method for singing or a strategy to facilitate generalization effect of voice therapy. Current results also reflect the necessity for further study pertaining to the long-term effect of the VLTM training method. Clinical implications are discussed.ope

The effects of location of one's affiliated university on labor market outcomes of a first job

본 연구에서는 한국고용정보원에서 조사된 2011년 대졸자 직업이동 경로조사(GOMS2011)자료를 활용하여 출신대학 소재지가 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그리하여 서울 소재 대학 졸업 또는 수도권 소재 대학 졸업 여부에 따라 첫 직장의 노동시장 성과에 차이가 존재하는지 분석하였으며, 기업체 규모 및 임금, 비정규직 여부 등을 노동시장 성과의 다각적인 측면을 고려하였다. 분석 방법으로는 선택편의를 최소화할 수 있는 경향점수 매칭방법(propensity score matching)을 사용하여 대학 입학 이전의 유사한 특성을 지닌 서울/비서울 소재 대학 졸업생들과 수도권/비수도권 소재 대학 졸업생들을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 출신대학 소재지는 첫 직장의 노동시장 성과에 유의미한 영향력을 발휘하는 것으로 드러났다. 서울 소재 대학 졸업생들은 비서울지역 대학 졸업자들에 비하여 기업체 규모 및 임금에서 더 좋은 노동시장 성과를 거두었으며, 이러한 결과는 수도권 소재 대학 졸업생들과 비수도권 소재 대학 졸업생들의 분석 결과에서도 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 전술한 결과는 개인의 배경이나 대학 입학 이전 특성, 대학 위세 등에서 유사한 특성을 지녔을지라도 출신대학 소재지에 따라 노동시장 성과에 차이가 존재할 개연성이 있음을 시사한다.Using a sample from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) 2011 data, this study investigates the effects of the location of former college on labor market outcomes. The difference in labor market performance was examined depending on whether or not former college from which one is graduated is located in Seoul or in capital areas. To this end, this study employed propensity score matching to minimize selection bias, and thereby analyzed students with similar attributes prior to the entrance of universities. The results reveal that graduates from universities in Seoul, as well as those from universities located in the capital area, exhibit better labor market performance in terms of wage level or size of the companies. The findings from this study imply that it is highly likely for graduates from universities located in Seoul or in capital areas to get the windward of the labor market outcomes

Sialendoscopy Combined With Transoral Sialodochoplasty for the Treatment of Parotid Duct Stenosis With a Megaduct

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