30 research outputs found
μ λ° νλ‘ κ³νμ μν μ΅μ κ²½λ‘ λ° μλ κ²°μ λ°©λ²μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ 곡과λν μ‘°μ ν΄μ곡νκ³Ό, 2017. 8. λ
Έλͺ
μΌ.μ λ° νλ‘ κ³νμ ν΄μ΄νμ¬μ κ²½μ μ
ν λ¬Έμ , μ€μΌ λ¬Όμ§μ λν κ΅μ κ·μ μ κ°ν κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄ν μ€μ νλ‘μ μμ μ± λ¬Έμ λ±μ μ΅κ·Όμ μ§λ©΄ν μ¬λ¬ λ¬Έμ λ€μ λν΄ μ’μ ν΄κ²°μ±
μ΄ λ μ μλ€. νμ§λ§ νμ¬ μ λ° νλ‘ κ³νμ νν΄μ¬μ κ²½ν λλ λ¨μν 맀λ΄μΌ λ±μ λΉμ λμ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ κ²°μ λλ€. λν νλ‘ κ³νμ μ¬μ©λλ μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦ μμ λλΆλΆ κ²½λ‘λ§μ κ³ννλ λ°©λ²λ€μ΄ λ§μΌλ©° μλλ₯Ό νλ‘μ ν¬ν¨νμ¬ λμμ κ³ννλ λ°©λ²μ μΆ©λΆν μ°κ΅¬λμ§ μμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ λ° νλ‘ κ³νμ μ°κ΅¬νκΈ° μν νλ μμν¬λ₯Ό μ μνκ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ νλ‘μ μλλ₯Ό λμμ μ΅μ ννλ μ λ° νλ‘ κ³ν λ°©λ²μ μ μνμλ€. λ¨Όμ μ λ° νλ‘ κ³ν λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ΅μ ν λ¬Έμ λ‘ νμ΄νκΈ° μν μ μν κ³Όμ μ μ μνκ³ , μ΄ μ μνλ μλ€λ‘ νλ‘λ₯Ό ꡬμ±νλ λͺ¨λΈμ μ μνμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ νλ‘λ₯Ό μ λ°μ κ²½λ‘ (μ μκ°)μ μλ (μμ§ rpm)μ μ§ν©μ΄λΌκ³ μ μνμ¬ μ€μ μ λ°μ μ΄ν λͺ¨μ΅μ μ΅λν λͺ¨μ¬νμλ€. ν΄λΉ νλ‘λ₯Ό νκ°νκΈ° μνμ¬ ν¬κ² μ°λ£ μλͺ¨λ, μ΄λ거리, λ΄νμ±λ₯ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ‘μ§ ννΌλ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘, μ΄λ₯Ό νκ° ν μ μλ λͺ¨λΈμ μ΄λ‘ κ³Ό κ·μ λ±μ νμ©νμ¬ μ μνμλ€. λν νλ‘λ₯Ό μ΅μ ννλ λͺ¨λΈμΌλ‘μ¨ μ΄κΈ°ν΄λ₯Ό μ 곡νκ³ κ΄λ¦¬νλ μ΄κΈ°ν΄ μ μ μ μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦ (Seed genetic algorithm)μ μ μνμλ€. μμ 3κ°μ§ λͺ¨λΈμ λ°νμΌλ‘ λ€μΈ΅κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Ό ꡬνν νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ κ°λ°νμμΌλ©°, 6κ°μ§μ κ²μ¦μμ μ 3κ°μ§μ μ μ©μμ λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ μν 3κ°μ§ λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό ꡬνλ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ°μμ±κ³Ό μ μ©κ°λ₯μ±μ νμΈνμλ€.
μ μλ μ λ° νλ‘ κ³ν λ°©λ²μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ νλ‘κ³ν λ°©λ²κ³Ό μμ© νλ‘κ·Έλ¨λ³΄λ€ μ°μν νλ‘λ₯Ό μ°μΆνμλ€. λν μ μλ μ΅μ ν λͺ¨λΈ, μ±λ₯νκ° λͺ¨λΈ, νλ‘νμ λͺ¨λΈ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ ν¨μ©μ± μμ νμΈ ν μ μμλ€.Ship-route planning is a good solution to some problems facing recent issues such as the problem of financial difficulty of shipping companies, the strengthening of international regulations of pollutants and the safety of operating ship etc. However, the current ship-route planning is determined by non-quantitative methods such as chief mates experience and simple manuals. In addition, algorithms used for ship-route planning are also mostly conducted only for path planning, and the method of simultaneously optimizing to include the speed planning was not sufficiently studied.
In this study, a framework for studying ship-route planning is proposed, and based on this framework, a ship-route-planning method that simultaneously optimizes path and speed is also proposed. First, the optimization model is proposed to formulate the ship-route-planning problem as the optimization problem and to construct a route with this formulated element. For this, the route is defined as a set of path (heading angle) and speed (engine rpm), thereby maximally describing the actual appearance of ship. Second, in order to evaluate this route, targeting fuel oil consumption, distance, seakeeping and land avoidance, the performance-evaluation model is proposed using theory and regulations. Third, a seed genetic algorithm is proposed to provide and manage initial solution as the route-finding model to optimize route. A program that implements multilayer structure is developed based on three previously proposed models, the excellence and applicability of three models is confirmed through six verifications and three applications.
The proposed ship-route-planning method provides better routes than the existing ship-route-planning method and commercial program. Moreover, the utility of the proposed optimization model, performance-evaluation model, route-finding model and program are confirmed.1. Introduction
1.1. Ship-route-planning problem of real world 1
1.2. Motivation for work 3
1.3. Related works 4
2. Ship-route-planning problem 8
2.1. Framework of ship-route-planning problem 8
2.2. Overview of this study 11
2.3. Input and output information 12
3. Optimization model 14
3.1. Theoretical background 15
3.1.1. Cell-based algorithm 16
3.1.2. Cell-free algorithm 20
3.1.3. Comparison 24
3.2. Formulation of the ship-route-planning problem as the optimization problem 25
3.2.1. Design variables 26
3.2.2. Objective functions 27
3.2.3. Constraints 27
3.3. Route construction from elements of formulation 29
3.3.1. Route definition 29
3.3.2. Route generation 31
3.3.3. Route evaluation 35
4. Performance-evaluation model 37
4.1. FOC estimation 38
4.1.1. Theoretical background 40
4.1.2. FOC estimation of this study 42
4.2. Space calculation 46
4.2.1. Theoretical background 46
4.2.2. Distance calcuation of this study 48
4.3. Seakeeping evaluation 48
4.3.1. Seakeeping evaluation of this study 50
4.4. Avoidance of obstacles 51
5. Route-finding model 53
5.1. Theoretical background 53
5.1.1. Metaheuristic algorithm 55
5.1.2. Genetic algorithm (GA) 55
5.1.3. Evolutionary strategy (ES) 57
5.1.4. Particle swarm method (PSO) 58
5.2. Seed genetic algorithm for optimal solution 60
6. Development of the program 64
6.1. Multilayer architecture as data structure 65
6.1.1. Map projection 66
6.1.2. Weather 68
6.2. Functions 69
7. Verifictaions 69
7.1. Verification of optimization model 71
7.1.1. Case 1 71
7.1.2. Case 2 76
7.2. Verification of performance-evaluation model 78
7.2.1. Case 3 78
7.2.2. Case 4 81
7.3. Verification of route-finding model 84
7.3.1. Case 5 84
7.3.2. Case 6 85
8. Applications 87
8.1. Application 1 88
8.2. Application 2 90
8.3. Application 3 91
9. Conclusion and future works 92
References 94
κ΅λ¬Έ μ΄λ‘ 100Maste
Numerical Analysis of Dissociation Behavior in Mesoscale Gas Hydrate Production Experimental System
κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈλ μ²μ°κ°μ€κ° μ μ¨, κ³ μ 쑰건μμ λ¬Ό λΆμμ 물리μ μΌλ‘ κ²°ν©νμ¬ νμ±λ κ³ μ²΄ μνμ κ²°μ μΌλ‘, μ£Ό κ΅¬μ± μ±λΆμΈ λ©νμ μ°μ μ μμ , μνκ³Ό κ°μ μΌλ°μ μΈ μμ μμμ λΉν΄ μλμ μΌλ‘ μ΄μ°ννμλ₯Ό μ κ² λ°°μΆνλ μΉνκ²½μ μΈ νΉμ±μ κ°μ§κ³ μμ΄ μ²μ μλμ§μμΌλ‘ κ°κ΄μ λ°κ³ μλ€. λ―Έκ΅, μΊλλ€, μ€κ΅, μΌλ³Έ λ± μ¬λ¬ κ΅κ°μμ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ κ°λ°μ μν μ°κ΅¬κ° μ§ν μ€μ μμΌλ©°, κ΅λ΄μ κ²½μ° 2007λ
μ λν΄ μΈλ¦λΆμ§ 1μ°¨ μμΆ(UBGH1)μ 2010λ
2μ°¨ μμΆ(UBGH2)λ₯Ό μννμλ€. λν μμΆμλ£λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ μ½μ΄μ λμ€νμ μννμ¬ κ°μλ²μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ ν΄λ¦¬κ±°λμ νμ
νμμΌλ©°, μνμμ° ν보μ§μ μ μ°μμΉ ν΄μλͺ¨λΈμ ꡬμΆνμ¬ μ μ°μμΉ ν΄μμ μννμλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ ν΄λ¦¬λ λ¬Όμ§μ λ¬κ³Ό μ΄μ λ¬μ΄ 볡ν©μ μΌλ‘ μμ©νλ νμμΌλ‘ μ½μ΄ μ€μΌμΌμμλ μ΄μ λ¬μ΄ ν΄λ¦¬μ ν° μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§λ§ νμ₯ μ€μΌμΌμμλ λ¬Όμ§μ λ¬μ΄ ν° μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ€. λ°λΌμ μ½μ΄ μ€μΌμΌμμμ μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 곧λ°λ‘ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ νμ₯ μνμμ°μ μ μ©νλ κ²μ νκ³κ° μλ€. μ΅κ·Ό μ΄λ¬ν λ¬Έμ μ μ 극볡νκ³ μ νκ΅μ§μ§μμμ°κ΅¬μμμ λν΄ μΈλ¦λΆμ§ νκ²½μ λͺ¨μ¬ν μ€κ·λͺ¨ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λͺ¨μ¬ μ€νμμ€ν
μμ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μννμμΌλ©°, νμ₯ μνμμ° ν보μ§μ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ κ°λ°Ξμμ° κ³ν μ립μ μν΄ μ€νμμ€ν
λ΄ λ€μν μμ°μ‘°κ±΄μμ ν΄λ¦¬κ±°λμ νμ
νλ κ²μ΄ νμνλ€.
λ°λΌμ μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μμλ νμ₯ μ μ©μ± νμ₯μ μν΄ μνλ μ€κ·λͺ¨ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λͺ¨μ¬ μ€νμμ€ν
μ λν μ μ°μμΉ λͺ¨λΈμ ꡬμΆνμ¬ μ 체μ μ λκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ λ³μλ₯Ό λ³νμμΌ μ€νκ²°κ³Όμ μ μ°μμΉ ν΄μκ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΉκ΅Ξκ²μ¦νκ³ μ νμλ€. λν λ€μν κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ ν¨μ ν΄μ μΈ΅μ λ¬Όμ± λ³νμ λ°λ₯Έ λ―Όκ°λ λΆμμ μννμ¬ μ€κ·λͺ¨ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λͺ¨μ¬ μ€νμμ€ν
λ΄ ν΄λ¦¬κ±°λμ νμ
νκ³ μ νμλ€.With increasing energy demands and environment problems, gas hydrate may serve as a potentially important resources of future energy requirements. Gas hydrate is solid clathrate compound in which a large amount of methane is trapped with in a crystal structure of water. Depressurization method can be considered to the most productive and effective method for gas hydrate production because gas may be continuously produced.
There are many researches and expeditions to develop the gas hydrate in USA, Canada, China and Japan. In Korea, the first Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate drilling expedition(UBGH1) was performed in 2007 and the second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate drilling expedition(UBGH2) was performed in 2010 at the locations that have high potential gas hydrate bearing sediments in Ulleung basin, East Sea of Korea. Based on this expeditions, numerical simulation has been performed by considering the experiment of the gas hydrate production in core scale. However, it is limited to immediately apply to field production test using the result of core scale because the researches related to the productivity and stability are insufficient during the gas hydrate production. Therefore, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM) experimented with the Mesoscale Gas Hydrate Production Simulation Experimental System to solve this problems. It is necessary to analyze the results of the experiment with the numerical simulation for applying to field production test.
In this study, numerical simulation model, reflecting the Mesoscale production simulation system, has been made for the extension of the field applicability and verified by comparing experimental and simulation results. The parameters related to fluid flow are changed and simulation results of the dissociation behavior are compared to the experimental result. Also. sensitivity of the sediments properties has been analyzed to predict gas, water production and flow behavior by gas hydrate dissociation.1. μ λ‘ 1
2. κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λͺ¨μ¬ 6
2.1 κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λ°©λ² 6
2.2 μ€κ·λͺ¨ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λͺ¨μ¬ μ€ν 9
2.2.1 μ€νλ°©λ² 9
2.2.2 μ€νκ²°κ³Ό 12
3. μ€κ·λͺ¨ κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ μμ°λͺ¨μ¬ μ€νμμ€ν
μ μ°λͺ¨λΈ κ΅¬μΆ 16
3.1 TOUGH+HYDRATE κ°μ 16
3.2 μ μ°μμΉ λͺ¨λΈ κ΅¬μ± 19
3.3 μ μ°μμΉ ν΄μκ²°κ³Ό λΉκ΅Β·κ²μ¦ 24
4. κ°μ€νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈ ν¨μ ν΄μ μΈ΅ λ¬Όμ±μ λ°λ₯Έ λ―Όκ°λ λΆμ 37
4.1 νμ΄λλ μ΄νΈν¬νμ¨ λ³ν 38
4.2 μ λμ 체ν¬κ³Όλ λ³ν 41
4.3 μ΄μ λλ λ³ν 43
5. κ²° λ‘ 45
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 4
μλΌν€λμ° μ λμ± μ°νμ μ€νΈλ μ€ λ° μΈν¬ λ μ±μ λν μ¬μ°μΉλ Όμ λ³΄νΈ ν¨κ³Ό
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ½νκ³Ό,2008.2.Maste
λ₯λ¬λ κΈ°λ° λ³λ³ κ²μΆ κΈ°λ²
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : 곡과λν μ κΈ°Β·μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ, 2018. 8. μ€μ±λ‘.νλμ¨μ΄μ λ°μ κ³Ό λ°©λν ν¬κΈ°μ λ°μ΄ν°μ
μ 곡κ°λ‘ μΈκ³΅μ§λ₯ λΆμΌλ ν©κΈκΈ°μ μ μ΄λ€μλ€. μΈκ³΅μ§λ₯μ κΈ°λ°ν μ°κ΅¬λ€μ μ€λ μκ° λ΅λ³΄ μνμ μλ μμ μΈμ, κ°μ²΄ κ²μΆ, μμ°μ΄ μ²λ¦¬, κΈ°κ³ λ²μ λ° μμ¨μ£Όν μλμ°¨μ κ°μ λ€μν λΆμΌμμ μ±κ³΅μ μΈ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όμλ€. μ체 μλ£ λ°μ΄ν° λΆμ λΆμΌμμλ λ°©λνκ² μΆμ λλ μ체 μλ£ λΉ
λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ λΆμνκΈ° μν΄ κΈ°κ³ νμ΅μ μ μ©νλ €λ λ€μν μ°κ΅¬κ° μλλκ³ μλ€.
ννΈ, μ체 μλ£ λ°μ΄ν°μ κΈ°κ³νμ΅ κΈ°λ²μ ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ μ©νκΈ° μν΄μλ 극볡ν΄μΌλ§ νλ λͺ κ°μ§ μ΄μκ° μ‘΄μ¬νλ€. 첫λ²μ§Έ μ΄μλ κΈ°κ³ νμ΅ κΈ°λ²μ΄ μλ£ νμ₯μμ μ§λ¨ 보쑰λκ΅¬λ‘ μ μ©λλ €λ©΄ κΈ°κ³μ μμΈ‘ κ²°κ³Όμ κ·Έμ λν μΆμ κ·Όκ±°κ° ν΄μμ΄ κ°λ₯ν΄μΌ νλ€λ κ²μ΄λ€. λλ²μ§Έ μ΄μλ‘ νΉμ μ§νμ λν μ체 λ°μ΄ν°μ ν¬κΈ°κ° λ₯λ¬λκ³Ό κ°μ λλμ νμ΅λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μꡬνλ κΈ°κ³νμ΅ λͺ¨λΈμ νμ΅μλ λΆμ‘±ν μ μλ€λ κ²μ΄λ€. λ λμκ°, λͺ¨λΈμ νμ΅μ μν κ·ΈλΌμ΄λ νΈλ£¨μ€ λ°μ΄ν°μ λΆμ‘±λ λ νλμ μ΄μλ‘ μ¬κΈΈ μ μλ€. μ체 μλ£ λ°μ΄ν°μ κ²½μ° κ·ΈλΌμ΄λ νΈλ£¨μ€ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μμ±νκΈ° μν΄μλ μμ¬λ₯Ό λΉλ‘―ν μ λ¬Έκ°μ λ
Έλ ₯μ΄ λΆκ°νΌνμ¬ μ΄λ₯Ό ν보νκΈ°λ λ§€μ° μ΄λ €μ΄ μΌμ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ μΈκ° μ μ 체μ κ°μ΄ λ°©λν μμ μ체 λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό λΆμν΄μΌ νλ κ²½μ° λΆμ λꡬμ μ
μΆλ ₯ ν¨ν΄μ΄ μ₯μ λ¬Όλ‘ μμ©νμ¬ μ 체μ μΈ λΆμ μκ°μ μν₯μ μ€ μ μλ€λ μ μ΄λ€.
λ³Έ νμ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ κ°κ°μ μ΄μλ€μ ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ μ μν μ κ·Όλ²λ€μ 4κ°μ μ±ν°μ κ±Έμ³ μ μνλ€. 첫λ²μ§Έλ‘λ λ₯λ¬λ κΈ°λ°μ λͺ¨λΈμ μ§λ¨ 보쑰λκ΅¬λ‘ μ¬μ©νμμ λ, μ¬μ©μκ° λͺ¨λΈμ νλ¨ κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό μκ°μ μΌλ‘ νΌλλ°± λ°μ μ μλλ‘ νλ pyramid Grad-CAMμ μ μνμλ€. λλ²μ§Έλ‘λ νμ΅ λ°μ΄ν°κ° λΆμ‘±ν μν©μμ λ₯λ¬λ λͺ¨λΈμ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ νμ΅μν€κ³ , λͺ¨λΈμ κ°μΈν¨μ ν₯μμν€κΈ° μν λ°©λ²μ μκ°νλ€. νμ΅λ°μ΄ν° λΆμ‘±μ 극볡νκΈ° μνμ¬ κ°μ°μμ λ
Έμ΄μ¦ κΈ°λ°μ μ곑μ νμ©ν λ°μ΄ν° μ¦κ° κΈ°λ²μ μ¬μ©νμμΌλ©°, νμ΅λ λͺ¨λΈμ 보쑰ν μ μλ μ νΈ μ²λ¦¬ κΈ°λ² κΈ°λ°μ λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μ보μ μΌλ‘ μ΅ν©νμλ€. μΈλ²μ§Έ μ΄μλ₯Ό 극볡νκΈ° μν΄μ μ½ν μ§λ νμ΅λ²μ κΈ°λ°ν μλ‘μ΄ λ³λ³ κ²μΆ κΈ°λ²μ μκ°νλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘λ λ°©λν μ체 μλ£ λ°μ΄ν° λΆμ κΈ°λ²μ μ μ₯μ₯μΉ λ¨μμ κ°μν ν μ μλ μ
μΆλ ₯ ν¨ν΄μ λ°κ²¬νκΈ° μνμ¬, 23κ°μ μλ¬Όμ 보ν μ΄ν리μΌμ΄μ
μ λν μ¬μΈ΅μ μΈ νλ‘νμΌλ§κ³Ό κ³μΈ΅μ κ΅°μ§ν κΈ°λ²μ ν΅ν μ
μΆλ ₯ ν¨ν΄ λΆμμ μννμλ€. λ³Έ νμ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μ΄μ κ°μ΄ μ체 μλ£ λ°μ΄ν°μ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ λΆμμ μν λ€μν κΈ°κ³ νμ΅ κΈ°λ°μ λΆμ κΈ°λ²κ³Ό κ°μν λ°©μμ μ μνμλ€.Abstract iii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Background 8
2.1 Modalities of biomedical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.1 Imaging modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2 Sequence modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3 Other modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Convolutional neural networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.2 Various CNN architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 Major tasks in computer vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 Object detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.2 Semantic segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4 Transfer learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5 Data augmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3 Visualization approach for understandable diagnosis 32
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2.1 Architecture and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.1 Meningioma MR dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.2 Classification results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3.3 Localization results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.4 Additional results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4 Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.1 The effectiveness of DC-FPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.2 Visualization of multi-scale features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4 Complementary fusion approach for lesion detection 50
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.1 Preprocessing phase (PP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.2 Finger extraction phase (FE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.2.3 Joint detection phase (JD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3 Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.1 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.2 Accuracy of joint detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.3 Training CNN and AdaBoost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5 Weakly supervised approach for lesion detection 63
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.2.1 Surrogate ground truth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.2.2 ROI extraction and masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.2.3 Objectness scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.2.4 Detection network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.2.5 Model training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.2.6 Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.3 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.3.1 Cerebral palsy classification performance . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.3.2 Lesion detection performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.3.3 Additional results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.4.1 Effect of classification accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.4.2 Type comparison of surrogate ground truths . . . . . . . . . 86
5.4.3 Effectivness of background masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6 Acceleration with a storage device 91
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.1.1 SSD-leveraged resurrection of hash-based aligners . . . . . 94
6.1.2 Measuring speedup of bioinformatics programs . . . . . . . 95
6.1.3 Accelerating bioinformatics pipelines by SSDs . . . . . . . 97
6.2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.2.1 Measuring storage features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6.2.2 Pattern discovery by clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.2.3 Impact of IO randomness on speedup . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2.4 Impact of input size on SSD effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.2.5 Effect of main memory size on SSD-based acceleration . . . 110
6.2.6 Additional experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.2.7 Summary and guidelines for employing SSDs in bioinformatics
pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.2.8 Training of deep learning-based model on SSDs . . . . . . . 114
6.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.4 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6.4.1 Experiment setup and measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6.4.2 More details of the storage features used . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
7 Conclusion 125
7.1 Future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Bibliography 127
Abstract (In Korean) 149Docto
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κ³Ό μμμ μ°κ²°νκ³ ν΅ν©νμ¬ μ§λνλ μνμ μ°κ²°μ±μ μΆ©λΆν ν보νμ¬ μ§λν κ²μ κΆνκ³ μμΌλ©°, κ΅μ‘κ³Όμ λ‘ μμλ μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ κ΅κ³Ό μμμ ν΅ν©μ μΌλ‘ μ§λνλ μ κ·Όλ²μ΄ ν¨κ³Όμ μ΄λΌλ κ΄μ μ΄ μλ€.
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μ΄λ¬ν λΆμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ μ°λ¦¬λλΌμ κ΅μ‘κ³Όμ κ³Ό κ΅κ³Όμμμ μκ΄κ΄κ³μ μ§λ λ΄μ©μ΄ μ°κ²°μ±μ ν보νκΈ° μν΄μλ νμμ μΌλ‘ μ°κ²°λλ μκ΄κ³μλ μ ννκ·λΆμ λ±μΌλ‘ μ΄μ΄μ§ μ μλλ‘ κ΅μ‘κ³Όμ μ κ°μ μ΄ νμνλ©°, κ΅κ³Όμμ μ£Ό νλμμ 곡μ μ±, μ°κ³μ±, μ‘°μ§μ±μ΄ λ€μν μΈ‘λ©΄μΌλ‘ ν보λμ΄μΌ ν νμκ° μμμ νμΈνμλ€.Modern people are exposed to variety of statistical information in their personal, social and professional life. Statistical information in everyday life helps individuals make decisions. In addition, citizens sometimes need to collect and analyze statistical information and data to solve problems. Statistical literacy is the ability to draw conclusions by collecting and analyzing information and data. Statistical literacy is emphasized by many educators of statistics and is included in the curriculum of many countries.
Statistics is a distinct science from mathematics, but it tends to be considered as a branch of mathematics. Unlike mathematics, statistical reasoning requires reflecting the context where the problem is set and data are collected for every aspect of statistical investigation such as data collection, organization, analysis, judgment and interpretation, or conclusions.
Korea's recent curriculum has also been revised to meet this global standards. To meet the goal to teach statistics centered on statistical literacy, 'scatter plot' and 'correlation' were added to the third year of middle school in the 2015 new curriculum. However, these newly added contents are not significantly different from those of the 7th curriculum before the removal of 'scatter plot' and 'correlation' in 2009 new curriculum. Also the issues raised by the researchers regarding the approach to teach correlation during 7th curriculum was not resolved much in the new curriculum.
Correlation is a concept related to covariational reasoning, which plays an important role in scientific thinking and is used in many fields such as mathematics, statistics, and natural and social sciences . Considering the nature of statistics such as being a contextual knowledge and the usage of correlation for the other sciences, it is required to teach correlation in connection with other concepts of statistics, mathematics, and other sciences along with real life problems. Also, in mathematics education, the mathematical connectivity, Connecting and integrating other concepts with mathematics concepts is recognized as an effective teaching method. Various models have been studied in that mathematics and many ideas have been developed to device an effective approach to integrating different subject areas in curriculum studies.
In this study, we construct a framework to categorize the types of connection between two areas in terms of how the connections are formed and which areas are connected. Using this framework, we compare the connectivity related to teaching correlation by examining the curriculum and textbooks of Korea, US and Australia. Four textbooks of Korea, two textbooks of US and one textbook of Australia are analyzed for their items related to correlation.
The connection models related to correlation we focused are "sequenced", "shared", "webbed", and "threaded" types. Also we categorized the areas which are connected as "within statistics", "with mathematics", "with real life or other discourse", and "mixed areas". Together we ended up with 16 different types of connectivity related to teaching correlation.
As a result of the study, we find that the curriculum sequence of US and Australia follows the order of scatter plot, correlation, correlation coefficient and regression whereas in Korea only scatter plot and correlation (only informal concept) are taught lacking the sequential aspect in the connectivity related to the concept of correlation. Also, in US and Australia, correlation is taught sequentially by connecting the knowledge of linear function when teaching correlation whereas the Korean textbooks lack of such approaches. We also found lack of shared type of connectivity in Korean textbooks compared to the textbooks of US and Australia.
For the webbed model of connectivity, Korean textbooks include many activities to explore the concept of correlation with a theme, but those are mostly presented as extra activities rather tan main ones. For the threaded model of connectivity, Korean textbooks included more items to cultivate problem solving, communication skills, and information technology but still as extra activities.
Based on the result of this study, I suggest Korean curriculum include the subjects such as correlation coefficient and linear regression to maintain enough sequential connectivity. Also the main activities in the textbook should have more items with shared, webbed and threaded connectivity rather than the extra activities.β
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As an official language within the international maritime community, maritime English is one of the branches of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). However, corpus linguists have paid little attention to maritime English. This thesis has two aims. The first aim is to compile a four million word maritime English corpus (MEC) consisting of academy, news, laws, and textbooks. The MEC contains tagged multi-word compounds, which can be called specific purpose terms in maritime English. Tagging multi-word compounds is essential for the ESP study because maritime vocabulary includes a great variety of n-grams such as ballast water, fore peak bulkhead, container freight station charges, etc. The second aim is to provide a further explanation of corpus linguistic data, adopting language network analysis and comparing keyword networks with collocation networks.
My idea converging on corpus linguistics and language networks has been originally traced back to researches published by Jones in 1971 and Scott and Tribble in 2006. Jones discussed four types of links between keyword nodes such as strings, stars, cliques, and clumps in her keyword retrieval study. Based on Jonesβ work, Scott and Tribble hypothesized that keywords could be redrawn as a network of connections to show a picture of understanding about a text or texts. By incorporating corpus linguistics and language networks, this thesis tries to explore what the structures of keywords networks and collocation networks can tell us about maritime English through centrality and cohesion algorithms.
This thesis makes an attempt to answer the following two research questions. First, how can we build a corpus of maritime English to represent specific purpose terms such as multi-word compounds? Second, if language network analysis can be one of the explanatory analyses to make up for the present corpus linguistic descriptions, what can keyword networks and collocation networks tell us about the MEC? In pursuit of my research questions, I review previous studies about the concepts of keyness, collocations, and language networks. I then discuss how to compile the MEC focusing on representativeness, balance, size, and sampling, proposing a method of tagging English multi-word compounds. In addition, I propose a language network analysis in order to give a further explanatory power to the descriptions of maritime English. I compare keyword networks with collocation networks with regard to network structures using centrality and cohesion for the better understanding of maritime English.
In conclusion, my network analysis and critical evaluation led us to clarify and confirm that centrality structures created by eigenvector and betweenness in collocation networks have more advantages over keyword network structures to find general purpose terms. On the other hand, the cohesion community structures created by eigenvector and betweenness in keyword networks distinguish a group of the specific purpose terms from a group of general purpose terms. More specifically, the eigenvector centrality structures in collocation networks represented better results than betweenness centrality in identifying general purpose terms. On the other hand, the eigenvector cohesion community structures in keyword networks represented better results than betweenness in identifying specific purpose terms.Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Focus of Inquiry 1
1.2 Outline of the Thesis 3
Chapter 2. Literature Review
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Maritime English as English for Specific Purposes 5
2.3 Keywords in Text 6
2.3.1 Strategies for a Reference Corpus 7
2.3.2 Statistical Measures for Keyword Analysis 8
2.3.3 Problems of Previous Keyword Analysis 12
2.4 Collocations in Text 14
2.4.1 Types of Collocations 14
2.4.2 Statistical Measures for Window Collocations 15
2.4.3 Problems of Previous Collocation Analysis 16
2.5 Visualization in Corpus Linguistics 17
2.5.1 Text Visualizations 18
2.5.2 Collocation Networks 21
2.6 Language Networks 28
2.6.1 Basic Concepts 29
2.6.2 Previous Studies 31
2.6.3 Definitions 33
2.6.4 Types of Language Network Constructions 34
Chapter 3. Maritime English Corpus
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Corpus Design 37
3.3 Corpus Compilation 44
3.3.1 Stratified Random Sampling 45
3.3.2 Web Crawling and Cleansing 46
3.3.3 Converting PDF to Texts 49
3.4 Multi-word Compounds 51
3.5 Critical Evaluation and Tagging for Multi-word Compounds 54
3.6 Comparison of With and Without Compounds 62
3.6.1 Comparison of Basic Statistics 63
3.6.2 Comparison of Word Lists, N-gram Lists, and Keyword Lists 65
3.6.3 Comparison of Visualizations 69
3.6.3.1 Dispersion Plots 69
3.6.3.2 GraphColl 1.0 71
3.7 Summary and Implications 74
Chapter 4. Language Network Structure Analysis
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Frameworks of Network Analysis 77
4.2.1 Source Nodes and Target Nodes 77
4.2.2 Two Mode Structures and One Mode Structures 85
4.2.3 Centrality and Cohesion Algorithms 90
4.3 Comparison of Keyword Networks and Collocation Networks 92
4.3.1 Centrality Structures: Eigenvector and Betweenness 92
4.3.2 Cohesion Structures: Eigenvector and Betweenness 105
4.4 Critical Evaluation 122
4.5 Summary and Implications 128
Chapter 5. Conclusion
5.1 Summary 131
5.2 Findings and Implications 132
References 13
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