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    ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์œค๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๊น€ํ˜•๋ ฌ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋•๊ต์œก์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜๋ˆ„๊ฐ€โ€™ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์—๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์ด โ€˜์™œโ€™ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์— ์†Œํ™€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•ด ํ˜‘์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญ์ข…ํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ(KGSS)โ€™์˜ 2014๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ถ„ํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ์„œํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜• ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํˆฌํ‘œ, ์–ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 7๊ฐœ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ฐ•ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์น˜๋ชจ์ž„ยท์ง‘ํšŒ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€, ์‹œ์œ„ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋“ ์ƒ์œ„์ธต์€ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ฐ•ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์ œ๋„์ ยท์ €ํ•ญ์ ยท์ ๊ทน์  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค, ๊ธฐ๋“๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๋•๊ต์œก์  ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of oneโ€™s perceived injustice on political participation and, if any, whether such effect differs across income groups. To this end, it draws on equity theory, which posits that oneโ€™s perceived equity injustice causes relative deprivation and eventually leads to political participation. The recent dynamic political events in the Republic of Korea raise two questions; Who participates in politics? Why do they participate in politics? Previous research has mainly focused on the โ€˜whoโ€™ question and relatively neglected the โ€˜whyโ€™ question. To bridge the gap, this study extends the theoretical approach in the following two ways. First, by taking into account the multi-dimensional characteristics of justice, a concept of equality injustice rooted in egalitarianism is added to the analysis. Secondly, this study tests whether oneโ€™s income level as a proxy measure for absolute deprivation can moderate the effect of perceived injustice on political participation. Using the data from KGSS 2014 and logistic regression methods, this study finds a positive and statistically significant effect of oneโ€™s perceived injustice on political participation, indicating that individuals with a higher sense of injustice are more likely to engage in certain types of political activity. Moreover, the results also show that the effect of perceived injustice on non-conventional forms of participation such as protesting and demonstrating is moderated by oneโ€™s income level. That is, the impact of oneโ€™s perceived injustice on participation is stronger for higher-income earners than for lower-income earners. These findings point to a possibility that non-conventional forms of political participation may serve as a channel for amplifying the voices of vested interests rather than capturing the voices of the underprivileged. On the basis of these findings, I provide a four-level model of perception and response to injustice.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ์ดํ•ด 7 1. ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •์˜ 7 2. ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 11 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 16 1. ์ธ์ง€ ์ด๋ก  16 2. ๋ณด์ƒ ์ด๋ก  18 3. ์ž์› ์ด๋ก  20 4. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋ณธ ์ด๋ก  23 5. ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  25 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 28 1. ์ด๋ก ์ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์˜์˜ 28 2. ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„ฑ: ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 30 3. ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ: ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ 35 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 38 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 38 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ 39 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ • 40 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 46 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 1. ํˆฌํ‘œ 54 2. ์ •์น˜์ธ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ ‘์ด‰ 56 3. ์–ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘์ด‰ 58 4. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ 60 5. ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธˆ 62 6. ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ถˆ๋งค 64 7. ์ง„์ •์„œ ์„œ๋ช… 66 8. ์ •์น˜๋ชจ์ž„์ง‘ํšŒ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ 68 9. ์‹œ์œ„ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ 73 ์ œ5์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ์˜ 79 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 79 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋„๋•๊ต์œก์  ํ•จ์˜ 82 1. ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์— ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 83 2. ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 86 3. ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 88 4. ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 90 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์•ˆ 92 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  94 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 97 Abstract 116Maste
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