54 research outputs found
Fabrication of layers based on printed Indium-Tin-Oxide and their application to Hazard and Noxious Substance sensor
A sensor is a device that converts physical or chemical states of a matter into an electrical signal. Sensor technology can be described as a technology that expands a human sense to a machine. And those information are used valuably in accord with present IT technology.
Sensor technology clearly reveals a tendency of miniaturization, integration, intellectualization, and systematization etc. Furthermore, it has been used extensively from our daily life to marine or space exploration.
However, At the field of application, sensor technology should be improved in many aspects. Moreover, I felt the need to develop environmentally friendly and Low-power sensor is growing. Also, Introduction of new technology is required to take of suitable material in harsh environments. And reliability is inevitable.
In this thesis, I have researched a new hazardous and noxious substances sensor to apply for offshore plants and seacoast.
I considered that higher sensitivity and stability could be acquired by using chemically stable metal oxides. Especially, metal oxide nano particles will be suitable since it provides wide contact surface. In addition, I suggested a print coating technology to fabricate the sensors. Using this method, I have demonstrated the hazardous and noxious substances sensor, and verified the feasibility of the sensors at harsh environments.
In the chapter 1, I described the sensor technology, physical properties of ITO, the importance of hazardous and noxious substances sensor, and the purpose of this dissertation.
In the chapter 2, I described the detail of experiment. A printing technology and the fabrication method were described. It is also described the analysis methods used in this research.
In the chapter 3, I optimized a printing method by printing process conditions , surface treatment and ITO films.
In the chapter 4, I suggested a hazardous and noxious substances sensor using the ITO layer. The sensor was operated at room temperature without additional heating. Also, we observed the ITO sensing properties under wide pH ranges.
In the chapter 5, I verified the reliability of the fabricated ITO sensor, it was carried out discussion of change and its cause of properties.
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μ¦νμλ€.1. Introduction
1.1 Sensor technology 1
1.2 Sensor technology application 3
1.2.1 Necessity of Hazardous and Noxious Substances sensor 3
1.2.2 Current state of HNS sensing technology 4
1.3 Metal oxide based sensor 5
1.4 Properties of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) 7
1.5 Proposal and purpose of this study 14
Reference 15
2. Experimental methods
2.1 Film printing method 18
2.2 ITO layer printing 21
2.3 Characterization Methods 23
2.3.1 Optimization of ITO layer 23
2.3.2 Surface and material properties of printed layers 27
2.3.3 Sensor performances 39
Reference 41
3. Characteristics of ITO film by printing coat method
3.1 Material properties of the ITO 43
3.2 Optimization of the printed ITO layer manufacturing method 45
3.2.1 Determination of printing patterns 45
3.2.2 Transfer ratio of the ITO layer 48
3.3 Properties of the printed ITO layer 50
3.3.1 Shape control 50
3.3.2 Electrical properties 52
3.3.3 Optical properties 54
3.4 Conclusion 56
Reference 57
4. HNS sensor based on printed ITO layer
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Experiment details 60
4.3 Sensor properties 61
4.4 Sensor mechanisms 63
4.5 Conclusion 65
Reference 66
5. Characteristic evaluation of ITO sensor
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 Experiment details 67
5.3 Reliability of the sensor 68
5.3.1 Dynamic characteristics of ITO sensor 68
5.3.2 Robustness tests of ITO sensor 70
5.3.3 Selectivity of ITO sensor 73
5.4 Conclusion 75
Reference 76
6. Conclusion 77
Resume 78
Acknowledgement 8
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κΈ°κ³ν곡곡νλΆ, 2015. 8. μ¬μ¬μ΅.We investigated the LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) characteristics in various phase conditions including single-phase (gas) and two-phase (liquid gas, solid gas) for thermo-fluid applications. For single-phase (gas) analysis, two-dimensional mapping of the LIBS signals from chemical species information was performed in propane flames with in situ diagnostics. Key combustion information, such as density, fuel concentration, and fuel/air equivalence ratio were provided by the LIBS measurement. For the two-phase spray flame, the simultaneous laser ignition and spectroscopy enabled rapidly determining the local equivalence ratio and condensed fuel concentration during the reaction. In parallel with the laser ignition, the equivalence ratio and droplet characteristics, such as concentration, size, and distribution of spray combustion, were simultaneously obtained for a feedback control system. For the two-phase aerosol analysis, LIBS detected solid carbon particulates in a flow system that was designed to replicate aircraft exhaust flow conditions. The detected signals from the emissions stream at velocities of up to 70 m/s showed that in-situ characterization of carbon particulates in the high-speed exhaust were proven feasible. The results obtained through this research will allow for more practical diagnostics in various applications such as biology, combustion and the environment.
In addition, basic research was conducted for the thermo-fluid diagnostics using LIUS (laser-induced ultrasound) waves. We demonstrated that the reduced-graphene-oxide-coated thin aluminum film (rGO-Al) and rGO-coated polydimethylsiloxane (rGO-PDMS) were effective optoacoustic transmitters for generating high-pressure and high-frequency ultrasound waves. Under pulsed laser excitation, rGO-Al and rGO-PDMS transmitters generated enhanced optoacoustic pressure that was 64 and 76 times stronger, respectively, than Al alone. Promising optoacoustic wave generation was made possible by optimizing the thermoelasticity of metal, the PDMS film and the thermal conductivity of rGO in the proposed transmitter for laser-induced ultrasound applications. LIBS and LIUS have great advantages as analytical techniques, namely, real-time rapid analysis and stand-off detection capability, which are all material phases for diagnosing thermo-fluid phenomena.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and purpose 1
1.2 Laser-material interaction 5
1.2.1 Laser 5
1.2.2 Various phenomena in laser-matter interactions 6
1.3 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Thermo-Fluid Diagnostics 10
1.3.1 Introduction of LIBS 10
1.3.2 The theory of LIBS 11
1.3.3 Comparison of LIBS and conventional diagnostic methods for thermo-fluid applications 17
1.3.4 LIBS for thermo-fluid applications 23
1.4 Laser-Induced Ultrasound Wave for Thermo-Fluid Diagnostics 27
1.4.1 Introduction of LIUS 27
1.4.2 The theory of LIUS 30
CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 34
2.1 Experimental apparatus 34
2.1.1 Laser 34
2.1.2 Spectroscopy 35
2.1.3 Hydrophone 36
2.2 Shadow graph 37
2.3 Light scattering 38
CHAPTER 3 DIAGNOSTIC OF GAS PHASE REACTING FLOW USING LIBS 39
3.1 Background and objective 39
3.2 Experimental condition 41
3.3 Results 45
3.4 Conclusion 52
CHAPTER 4 DIAGNOSTIC OF TWO PHASE (LIQUID-GAS) REACTING FLOW USING LIBS 54
4.1 Background and objective 54
4.2 Experimental condition 60
4.3 Results 62
4.4 Conclusion 94
CHAPTER 5 DIAGNOSTIC OF TWO PHASE (SOLID-GAS) FLOW USING LIBS 96
5.1 Background and objective 96
5.2 Experimental condition 99
5.3 Data analysis 105
5.4 Results 107
5.4.1 LIBS spectra in particle stream 107
5.4.2 Visualization of particle and plasma 110
5.4.3 LIBS signal for delay time 113
5.4.4 LIBS signal for carbon concentration 117
5.4.5 Limit Of Detection (LOD) 125
5.5 Conclusion 126
CHAPTER 6 DIAGNOSTIC OF LIQUID PHASE SAMPLE USING LIUS : PART 1 REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE COATED THIN ALUMINUM FILM 128
6.1 Background and objective 128
6.2 Experimental condition 130
6.3 Results 132
6.4 Conclusion 140
CHAPTER 7 DIAGNOSTIC OF LIQUID PHASE SAMPLE USING LIUS : PART 2 REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE COATED POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) FILM 141
7.1 Background and objective 141
7.2 Experimental condition 143
7.3 Results 145
7.4 Conclusion 154
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION 156
REFERENCES 158
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 167
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN KOREAN 169Docto
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