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    ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ์ดํ›ˆ์ง„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€๊ณผ ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€๊ณผ ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 238๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”, ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€๊ณผ ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€์„, ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€๊ณผ ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์  ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํญ์‹ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€์ด ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์žํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€ ๋ฐ ํญ์‹ ํ–‰๋™, ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 42๋ช…์„ ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋ฌด์„  ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ 4์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”, ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋น„, ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€, ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ์ง„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œํ˜„์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋น„์˜ ์ฆ์ง„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ •๋„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œํ˜„์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€๊ณผ ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜, ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The present study was conducted to explore the influence of separation-individuation and self-soothing ability on emotional dysregulation, binge-eating and self-harm behaviors, and the effect of compassionate letter writing intervention for improving self-soothing ability and decreasing emotional dysregulation, binge-eating and self-harm behaviors. In study 1, the relationships among separation-individuation, self-soothing ability, emotional dysregulation, and binge-eating and self-harm behaviors were examined in a sample of 238 college students. The results showed that separation-individuation was positively correlated with self-soothing ability, and negatively correlated with emotional dysregulation, binge-eating and self-harm behaviors. Self-soothing ability and emotional dysregulation mediated the effect of separation-individuation on binge-eating behavior sequentially. Only self-soothing ability, not emotional dysregulation, mediated the effect of separation-individuation on self-harm behavior. However, in a sample of 89 participants who have experienced self-harm, the sequential mediating effect of self-soothing ability and emotional dysregulation in the relationship between separation-individuation and self-harm behavior was significant. In study 2, the effect of compassionate letter writing intervention on self-soothing ability, emotional dysregulation, binge-eating and self-harm behaviors was explored. Forty-two college students were randomly assigned to two groups: compassionate letter writing group and expressive writing group. The writing interventions were performed on four themes for four consecutive days. There was significant increase of separation-individuation and self-soothing ability in the compassionate letter writing group, and the compassionate letter writing group showed more increase in separation-individuation and self-soothing ability than the expressive writing group. In the compassionate letter writing group, there were significant correlations between the changes in self-soothing ability and self-compassion and the changes in emotional dysregulation. There was significant decrease of emotional dysregulation in the expressive writing group. The present study not only explored the influence of separation-individuation and self-soothing ability on emotional dysregulation and impulsive behavior problems such as binge-eating and self-harm behaviors, but also investigated the effectiveness of compassionate letter writing intervention. The implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for further study were also discussed.์„œ ๋ก  1 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 3 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋™ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋™ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€์˜ ์—ญํ•  7 ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋น„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฆ์ง„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ: ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 9 ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  13 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€์˜ ์—ญํ•  15 ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• 17 ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 21 ๋…ผ ์˜ 27 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2. ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ง€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ •์„œ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณค๋ž€, ํญ์‹ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ 30 ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• 33 ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 38 ๋…ผ ์˜ 45 ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋…ผ์˜ 50 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 57 ๋ถ€๋ก 71 Abstract 105Maste

    ํŽธ์ธก ๋ฐ ์–‘์ธก ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๋ฐ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ์ง„ํ™๋ฅ .์„œ๋ก  ํŽธ์ธก ๋ฐ ์–‘์ธก ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ , ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๊ฐ€ํ†  (New Zealand rabbit) 18๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ํŽธ์ธก ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ๊ตฐ, ์–‘์ธก ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ๊ตฐ, ์•„๋ฌด ์กฐ์ž‘๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๊ตฐ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  3๊ฐœ์›” ๋’ค, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋’ค ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ H&E ์—ผ์ƒ‰, Massons trichrome ์—ผ์ƒ‰, Alcian blue ์—ผ์ƒ‰, Verhoeffs elastic ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ๊ณจ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜, ์„ธํฌ์ด์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” (dystrophic change), ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋„ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์€ ์–‘์ธก ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝœ๋ผ์   ์„ฌ์œ  (collagen fiber)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์–‘์ธก ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ๊ตฐ์€ ํŽธ์ธก ์ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ์ƒ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณจ ๋‚ด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์„ฌ์œ ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค.Introduction The effect of unilateral versus bilateral elevation of mucoperichondrium on the morphological and histological changes of septal cartilage was evaluated. Materials and methods Eighteen mature New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into three groups according to the procedures they received: unilateral mucoperichondrial flap elevation (N = 6) vs bilateral mucoperichondrial flap elevation (N = 6) vs control (no flap elevation, N = 6). In each group, half of the subjects were sacrificed 3 months after the procedure and the other half 6 months after the procedure. Thickness was measured on the optical microscope image and histologic changes of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix were evaluated using H&E stain, Massons trichrome stain, Alcian blue stain, and Verhoeffs elastic stain. Results The three groups showed similarity in terms of thickness of the cartilage. Histologic examination revealed that the chondrocyte numbers and dystrophic feature as well as the ratio of chondroblast were not different among the 3 groups. Massons trichrome staininng of extracellular matrix in bilateral group showed less dense collagen fibers than the unilateral group. Proteoglycan and elastic fiber composition did not differ among the 3 groups. Conclusion Bilateral mucoperichondrial flap elevation of the septum results in less dense collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix, although the thickness of cartilage, the characters of chondrocyte and chondroblast and other extracellular matrix component remain about the same.I. Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...โ€ฆโ€ฆ.1 II. Materials and methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ...โ€ฆโ€ฆ.....4 Animal surgeryโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..4 Specimen Harvestโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ..5 Preparation for histologic examinationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ..6 Thickness of cartilageโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ6 Histologic examinationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..6 Statistical analysisโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..7 III. Resultsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.8 Thickness of cartilageโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ8 Histologic examinationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ..8 1. Chondrocyte and chondroblastโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆ8 2. Extracellular matrixโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...9 IV. Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ..10 V. Conclusionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.14 VI. Referencesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.15 VII. ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋กโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...........28Maste

    (The)Effect of film thickness on the dielectric properties of PbTiO3 thin films

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2004.Maste

    A Study on the content system of language arts

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต,1998.Docto

    MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ž์› ํ• ๋‹น ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

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    DoctorIn the 5G era, it is necessary to provide services to many devices connected to the networks while meeting diverse demands, such as high availability, low latency, and high data rates. Multi-access edge computing (MEC), one of the key technologies to achieve the goal, brings down the cloud-computing capabilities to network edges near users. The MEC environment provides resources allocated for the service operations and mitigates the core networkโ€™s load by processing traffic at the edge of networks. Service running in the edges usually consists of multiple components interacting with each other because this architecture enables flexible and rapid service provisioning. However, those MEC and service architecture complicate the service operations due to many factors. Specifically, it is essential to consider the limited resources of edges and the location in which services run while satisfying the QoS requirements. In addition, it is hard to operate services manually in response to dynamic traffic. Therefore, we propose an auto-scaling method using deep Q-network (DQN) in this thesis. The proposed method runs the adequate number of instances, that is, resources, composing service while considering the service performance and operating costs. The proposed approach consists of two models: the DQN model making scaling decisions, and the decision model choosing components (or locations) to be scaled. We implemented an auto-scaler as a module to allocate instances (virtual machines or containers) to service in the MEC environments. Our proposed method was validated by conducting several experiments with different scenarios.์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” 5G ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ณ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ €์ง€์—ฐ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing)๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์—ฃ์ง€ (Edge), ์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ตญ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. MEC๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ข…๋‹จ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฝ”์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์€ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค (Microservice) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค. MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์šด์šฉ์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ผํ„ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ž์›์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์šด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์šด์šฉ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ ์ž์›, ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ• ๋‹น๋  ์ž์›๊ณผ ์šด์šฉ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์˜คํ†  ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง (Auto-scaling) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•™์Šต ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ธ DQN (Deep Q-network)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์ž์› ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ์šด์šฉ ๋น„์šฉ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์›์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง (Horizontal scaling) ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์˜คํ†  ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” DQN ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ ์ž์›, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ (Decision model)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋จธ์‹  (VM, Virtual Machine)๊ณผ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ (Container)๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ†  ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ MEC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์ • ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค

    ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ํŽธํ‰์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 5-FU์™€ celecoxib ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊น€์˜ํ˜ธ.Introduction: The role of celecoxib in preventing and treating tumors has attracted broad attention in recent years because of its selective and specific inhibition of COX-2 activity. We investigated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of celecoxib combined with 5-FU on proliferation of squamous cell carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Methods: SNU-1041 and SNU-1076 squamous cell lines and an orthotopic tongue cancer mouse model were used to study growth inhibition with 5-FU enhanced by celecoxib. Sensitivity of cells to drug treatment was analyzed by the MTT assay, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Phosphorylation of AKT was detected by Western blotting. Survival analysis in the mouse model was assessed according to combination treatment with 5-FU and celecoxib. Results: ROS production in vitro was highest when celecoxib was administered 48 hours after 5-FU treatment. 5-FU-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was enhanced when combined with celecoxib, which was positively correlated with ROS production. Antioxidant treatment reversed 5-FU-inhibited cell proliferation by up to 60%. Co-treatment with celecoxib and 5-FU partially blocked AKT phosphorylation, although no significant changes in total AKT protein levels were detected. An increased survival time was observed in an orthotopic mouse model treated with a combination of celecoxib and 5-FU compared to treatment with either agent alone. Conclusions: Celecoxib may have an enhanced anticancer effect in combination with 5-FU. ROS production may be a key mechanisms in this combination therapy by inhibiting the AKT pathway.Introduction 1 Materials and methods 4 Cell culture 4 Chemicals 4 Cell proliferation assay 5 Production of reactive oxygen species 5 Western blot analysis 6 Orthotopic mouse model studies 7 Statistical analysis 8 Results 9 Discussion 13 References 20 Figures 28 Abstract in Korean 39Docto
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