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    ํด๋ฆฐ๋ผ๋ฒจ ์ „๋ถ„ ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์—…์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์‹œ์Šคํ…œยท์†Œ์žฌํ•™๋ถ€(๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™), 2021. 2. ๊น€์šฉ๋…ธ.์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์› ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์ „๋ถ„์€ ์ „๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธํ™”, ๋…ธํ™”, ๊ฒ”ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „๋ถ„์— ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์ „๋ถ„์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ฆฐ๋ผ๋ฒจ ์ „๋ถ„์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฐ๋ผ๋ฒจ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํšจ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์—ด์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์ข… ๋ฐ ์ž…์žํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ™์€ ํ’ˆ์ข… ๊ฐ„ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ž…์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฐ๋ผ๋ฒจ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์— ์•ž์„œ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์ž…์žํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ณ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ์ผํ’ˆ, ์ €์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ ์ „๋ถ„์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์”ฉ 10 : 0, 3 : 7, 5 : 5, 0:10์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค์ธ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์ž ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„ ๋‚ฎ์€ pH ๋ฐ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋‹จ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค ์ผํ’ˆ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์ž ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ ์ „๋ถ„์€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋†’์€ ์—ด์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์„œ์ ธ 80โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŒฝ์œค๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋‚ฎ์€ pH, ๋†’์€ ์ „๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋น„์œจ30% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŒฝ์œค ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก FE-SEM ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์† ์ ๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜ธํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผํ’ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ€์–‘328ํ˜ธ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ 7:3 ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ ๋„์™€ ์น˜๋ฐ˜์ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ต ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ต๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜ธํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€, ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ ์ „๋ถ„ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊ต๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์ „๋ถ„์ธ HDP(Hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate)์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋†๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์‹ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ์œ ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋‹จ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ€์–‘ 328ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ผํ’ˆ ์ „๋ถ„์˜ ์ ์กฐ๋„ ์ง€์ˆ˜ (K)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ pH3์—์„œ pH7๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์ ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์ „๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ƒ‰ํ•ด๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” HDP ์ „๋ถ„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณด์•„ ๋„๋‹ด์Œ€ ์ „๋ถ„์ด ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํด๋ฆฐ๋ผ๋ฒจ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.Rice starch is one of the main sources of carbohydrates in the human diet. However, its use without any treatment has limitations in the food industry. In this present study, the physicochemical properties of five rice starches with different amylose content were observed, and three starches were selected that had significantly different granule properties. In order to observe their blend effect, blend samples were prepared by mixing two types of rice starch at ratios of 10:0, 3:7, 5:5, and 0:10, respectively. DD is recently developed rice starch in Korea and known as high-amylose starch and resistant starch with 48.5% amylose content. DD showed high granule stability and was not significantly affected by acid and high shear treatment, while Milyang No.328 (MY) starch exhibited the lowest granule stability and high fracturability. It showed that the swelling power of MY was significantly improved in the sample blended with DD of 30% or more, and a number of intact granules were found via FE-SEM image. In the RVA test, the breakdown viscosity (BV) of Ilpum (IP) starch or MY was reduced by blending with DD. In particular, the blends composed of MY (7) and DD (3) ratio showing the similar characteristics as a cross-linked starch. The stability test was conducted by investigating the similar final viscosity and concentration of HDP (Hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate) and rice starch blends composed of DD and MY. Steady-state flow experiment using rheometer presented that the consistency index (K) of MY and IP vulnerable to acid and high shear treatment was improved by blending with DD. The mixture containing DD showed low stability in storage stability, but reduced the change of the viscosity reduction under acidic conditions and high shear. These results suggest that DD could be valuable as a material for making clean label starch using blending technology.1. Introduction 1 2. Objectives 5 3. Background and literature review 6 3.1. Starch 6 3.1.1. Rice starch 8 3.1.2. Physicochemical properties of starch 11 3.1.2.1. Gelatinization 12 3.1.2.2. Pasting properties 14 3.1.2.3. Retrogradation 16 3.2. Clean-label starch 18 3.2.1. Starch blending 19 4. Materials and Methods 20 4.1. Physicochemical properties of rice starches 20 4.1.1. Materials 20 4.1.2. Methods 21 4.1.2.1. Isolation of rice starch 21 4.1.2.2. Apparent amylose content (AAC) 23 4.1.2.3. Crude protein content (Kjeldahl) 24 4.1.2.4. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 25 4.1.2.5. Distribution of branched chain length (HPAEC) 26 4.1.2.6. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) 27 4.1.2.7. Granular morphology (FE-SEM) 27 4.1.2.8. Swelling power and solubility 28 4.1.2.9. Pasting properties 29 4.1.2.10. Thermal properties (DSC) 31 4.1.2.11. Rheological properties (Oscillation tests) 31 4.1.2.12. Texture profile analysis (TPA) 32 4.1.3. Statistical analysis 34 4.2. Physicochemical properties of rice starch blends 35 4.2.1. Materials 35 4.2.2. Methods 36 4.2.2.1. Swelling power and solubility 36 4.2.2.2. Microscopic observations 36 4.2.2.3. Pasting properties 36 4.2.2.4. Stability test 37 4.2.2.4.1. Blending effect of rice starches in acidic conditions 37 4.2.2.4.2. Blending effect of rice starches by high shear treatment 38 4.2.2.4.3. Freeze-thaw and syneresis (storage stability) 39 4.2.2.4.4. Statistical analysis 40 5. Results and Discussion 41 5.1. Physicochemical properties of rice starches 41 5.1.1. Apparent amylose content (AAC) and crude protein (Kjeldahl) 41 5.1.2. Molecular weight distribution (HPSEC) 44 5.1.3. Distribution branch chain length distribution (HPAEC) 47 5.1.4. Crystalline structure (XRD) 50 5.1.5. Granular morphology (FE-SEM) 53 5.1.6. Swelling power and solubility 56 5.1.7. Pasting properties 61 5.1.8. Thermal properties 65 5.1.9. Rheological properties 68 5.1.10. Gel textural properties 73 5.2. Physicochemical properties of rice starch blends 76 5.2.1. Swelling power and solubility of rice starch blends 76 5.2.2. Microscopic observation (FE-SEM) 79 5.2.3. Pasting properties of rice starch blends 82 5.2.4. Comparison of pasting properties of various concentration rice starch blends and chemically modified starch (HDP) 86 5.2.5. Stability test 90 5.2.4.1. Blending effect of rice starches in acidic conditions 92 5.2.4.2. Blending effect of rice starches by high shear treatment 94 5.2.4.3. Blending effect of rice starch by freeze-thaw and syneresis 99 6. Conclusion 103 7. References 105 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 125Maste
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