11 research outputs found
A Political Utilization of the Internet : Internet-based Grassroots Lobbying Activities
μΈν°λ·μ μ€λλ 곡곡μ μ±
κ²°μ μ μ°Έμ¬νλ νμμλ€ νλμμμ λ³νμν€κ³ μ
λ€. μΈν°λ·μ νμ©μ μ μΉμΈμ΄λ μ λΆκ΄λ£λ€ λΏ μλλΌ μ΄μ΅μ§λ¨μ λν, λ‘λΉμ€νΈ
λ± κ³΅κ³΅μ μ±
νμ±κ³Όμ μμ μ£Όλ μν μ ν΄μ€κ³ μλ μ°Έμ¬μλ€μ μν₯λ ₯ νμ¬ ν¨ν΄μ
λ³νμν€κ³ μλ€. μ€λλ λ―Έκ΅μμλ κ°λ³ κΈ°μ
λΏ μλλΌ, κ°μκ°μμ μ΄μ΅μ§λ¨λ€
μ΄ κ³΅κ³΅μ μ±
κ³Όμ μμ λ³΄λ€ ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μν₯λ ₯μ νμ¬νκΈ° μνμ¬μ²« μλμ μ΄μ
(first-mover advantage)μ μ΄λ¦΄ μ μμΌλ©΄μλ μ½κ² λͺ¨λ°©ν μ μλ λ‘λΉκΈ°λ²
(hard-to-duplicate strategies)μ κ°λ°νκΈ° μν΄ κ³ μ¬ν΄ μ€κ³ μμμ μ μ μλ
λ°, μΈν°λ· κΈ°λ°μ κ·Έλμ€μΆλ₯΄ λ‘λΉμ λ΅μ΄ λΆμ μ΄λ£¨κ³ μλ κ²μ μ΄λ¬ν λ§₯λ½ νμ
μ μ΄λ€. μλ°©ν₯μ±, μ μμ±, κ°νΈμ±, νκ²ν
κ°λ₯μ±μ νΉμ§μΌλ‘ νλ μΈν°λ·μ μ€λ
λ μμ
μ νμ©μ± μ¦λμ ν¨κ» μλ‘μ΄ λΆμ μ°½μΆμ μμ²μ΄ λκ³ μλ€. μ μΉμ μμ
μμλ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§μ¬μ μ΅κ·Όμ λ―Έκ΅μμλ μμ
μ λͺ©μ μ κ°λ μΈν°λ·μ μ μΉμ νμ©
μ΄ ν¬κ² μ¦λλμ΄ κ°κ³ μμμ μ μ μλ€. μμ±ν€μ λ‘λΉνμ¬λ€μ 곡곡μ μ±
κ²°μ κ³Ό
μ μ κ³ κ°μ§λ¨μ μ΄μ΅μ κ΄μ² μν€κΈ° μνμ¬, μΈν°λ· κΈ°λ°μ μΉ μΊ νμΈ νλμ μ‘°μ§
ννκ³ μλ€. μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μΈν°λ· κΈ°λ° κ·Έλμ€λ£¨μΈ λ‘λΉνλμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ μΈν°λ·μ μ
μΉμ νμ©μ΄ κ°λ μ μΉνμ ν¨μλ₯Ό λ°νκΈ° μν κ²μ΄λ€. The Internet is altering how congressmen, government officials, activists, and lobbyists
shape public policy, and it is beginning to have a significant impact on it. The Internetbased
grassroots activities is giving various political persuasions the capacity to influence
congressional offices and government agencies. Especially, It enables interest groups with
affluent resources to become more influential by helping them quickly launch large-scale
advocacy campaigns, raise money, mobilize support, and become better organized. The
commercial utilization of the Internet-based Web campaign β grassroots activities- gives
more political benefit to established business groups, and the implication of this trend can
be summarized as the normalization of Cyberspace.
μΈν°λ·μ μ μΉμ νμ©: κ·Έλμ€λ£¨μΈ μΉμΊ νμΈμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ 219
*Seoul National University of Technology, Professor. Business-Government Relations, Government
Regulation, 970-6339, 6489, [email protected]
A Study on Recent Trends in Corporate Political Activities in the U.S.
μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ λ―Έκ΅μμ μ΅κ·Ό κΈ°μ
μ μ μΉμ νλμ΄ μ΄λ»κ² νν΄μ§κ³ μκ³ , κ·Έ λ³νμΆμ΄λ μ΄λ νμ§λ₯Ό λΆμνκΈ° μν κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λν μ΄λ¬ν λ³νμΆμ΄κ° νλ λ―Όμ£Όμ μΉμ λν΄ κ°λ ν©μκ° λ¬΄μμΈκ°λ₯Ό λ
Όνκ³ μλ€. 1990λ
λ μ΄ν μ΅κ·Ό λ―Έκ΅μμλ μ§μ λ‘λΉλ°©μμ μ€μμ±κ³Ό λΉμ€μ΄ μ μ°¨ μ€μ΄κ°λ λμ μλ―Όμ΄λ μ κΆμλ€μ λμ΄λ€μ¬ νΉμ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ μμ§μ΄λλ‘ νλ κ°μ λ‘λΉμ λΉμ€μ΄ 컀μ§κ³ μλ λ³νλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ λ³Ό μ μλ€ κ°μ λ‘λΉ κ°μ΄λ°μμλ μ κΆμμ λ‘λΉνλμ μ λνλ κ·Έλμ€λ£¨μΈ λ‘λΉ μ λ΅μ΄ 보νΈνλμ΄ μκ³ , κ·Έλμ€λ£¨μΈ λ‘λΉλ₯Ό μ λ¬Έμ μΌλ‘ λνν΄μ£Όλ λ‘λΉνμ¬κ° μ±μ
μ€μ΄λ€. λν κ·Έλμ€λ£¨μΈ λ‘λΉνλμ μΆμΈλ κ°κ°μΈμ μ²΄μ·¨κ° λλ¬λμ§ μλ λΉμΈκ²©μ μΈμ‘° μλ (astroturf)μ μ‘°μ±μ λ°μ΄ λμ΄ λ³΄λ€ κ³ ν격μ μΈκ²©μ μ μ΄μ κ°λ―Ένλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ λμκ°κ³ μλ€. νμ§λ§ κ·Έλμ€λ£¨μΈ λ‘λΉλ κ²½μ λ ₯μ κ°μΆ μ£Όμ κΈ°μ
μ΄ μ μΉμ μ λ΅ μ°¨μμμ ννλ κ²μ΄λΌλ μ μμ μ΄μ΅μ§λ¨μ§λ¨κ°μ μ¬κ°ν λΆκ· νμ μΌκΈ°ν μ μκ³ , λ λμκ°μλ μ λ ₯ν νΉμμ¬μ΅μ μν΄ κΆκ·Ήμ μΌλ‘λ λΉμ‘°μ§νλ μλ―Όλ€μ μ΄μ΅μ΄ μΉ¨νλ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ ν¬λ€λ λ¬Έμ μ μ μκ³ μλ€
νλ²μ리μ μ μΉμ μ λΉνμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬ - J. λ‘€μ¦μ μ μμ΄λ‘ κ³Ό J. λ·°μΊλμ 곡곡μ νμ΄λ‘ μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘
μ μΉμ΄λ‘ μ μ£Όμν λͺ©νμ€μ νλλ νμμ λν μ€λͺ
κ³Ό ν¨κ» μ£Όμ₯λκ±°λ νΉμ μ묡μ μΌλ‘ μ μ λκ³ μλ μ μΉμ²΄κ³λ₯Ό μ λΉννλ κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ€λͺ
κ³Ό μ λΉνλΌλ μ μΉμ΄λ‘ μ λͺ©νλ μ¬μ€μ μ격ν ꡬλΆλμ΄μ§λ κ²μ μλλ€. μ΄λ¬ν ꡬλΆμ λͺ¨νΈμ±μ μ€λͺ
κ³Ό μ λΉνμ κΈ°λ₯μ λμμ μννκ³ μλ μ΄λ‘ μ²΄κ³ μμμ λμ± λλλ¬μ§κ² λ°κ²¬λ μ μλ€. λ‘€μ¦λ κ·Έκ° μ μνλ μ μμμΉμ΄ μ¬νμ 기본ꡬ쑰-μ£Όμ μ λ체κ³-μ μ μ©λλ μ μΉμ κ°λ
μμ λͺ
λ°±ν νκ³ μλ€. λ‘€μ¦λ μ¬νμ λμ κΈ°λ³Έμ리λ‘μ μ ν΅μ μΈ κ³΅λ¦¬μ£Όμμλ€μ ν¨μ©μμΉμ λΉννκ³ κ·Έ λμμΌλ‘μ 곡μ μΌλ‘μμ μ μμ μ
κ°ν μ μ λ μμΉμ μ μνλ€. λ‘€μ¦λ μ μ λ μμΉμ μ λμ ꡬνκ³Όμ μ μ μλ‘ μ μ£Όμν λ
ΌμλμμΌλ‘ μ€μ νκ³ μμΌλ©°, νλ²μ²΄κ³μ μ 립μ΄λΌλ λ¬Έμ μμμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ μ΄μ κ΄ν λ
Όμ§λ₯Ό μ κ°νκ³ μλ€. λ‘€μ¦μκ² νλ²μ κ·Έκ²μ κ·μ λ₯Ό λ°λ λΉμ¬μλ€μ΄ μμ λ‘κ³ νλ±ν λλμ μΈκ²©μ²΄λ‘μ νλ±νκ² λνλμ΄μ§λ μν© μμμ 곡μ ν ν©μλ‘μμ κ³μ½μ κΈ°μ΄λ‘ νμ¬ μ±νλλ€. λ‘€μ¦κ° λ§νλ κ³μ½μ μ΄μ΅μ νΈνμ κ΅νμ¬ λͺ©νλ‘ νλ μμ₯μ κ±°λκ° μλλ©°, μ¬νμ 곡μ ν κ·μΉμ²΄κ³λ κ·Έ κΈ°λ³Έμ리μ μ±λΌμ λͺ©νλ‘ νλ€. λ‘€μ¦λ 무μ§μ λ² μΌκ³Ό λλλ₯λ ₯μ λ€μ΄ νμμ΄λμ μΆκ΅¬κ° λ°°μ λλ κ°μ΄λ° 곡μ ν μ μΉμ μ μ°¨λ‘μ νλ²μ΄ μ±νλμ΄μ§ μ μμμ λ§νλ€
WTO, Market Integration, and the Change of Government Regulation: Focused on the Effect of Globalization Over the National Economic Sovereignty
κΈλ‘λ²νμ μν₯μ λν λ
Όλμ ν μ€μ¬μλ κ΅κ°μ£ΌκΆμ λ¬Έμ κ° μμΉνκ³ μλ€. κΈλ‘λ²νμ νν΄λ₯Ό μ£Όμ₯νλ λ
Όμλ€μ κΈλ‘λ² μμ₯ν΅ν©μΌλ‘ κ°κ΅μμ μκ΅ κ²½μ μ κ΅λ΄μμ₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μ€μ μ λΆμ μν μ΄ ν¬κ² μ νλλ κ²½μ μ μ£ΌκΆμ μμΆμ΄ λΆκ°νΌνκ² λνλκ³ , μ΄κ²μ΄ κΈλ‘λ²ν νν΄μ κΆκ·Ήμ μΈ μμΈμΈ κ²μΌλ‘ μ€λͺ
νλ€. κΈλ‘λ²νλ₯Ό κ²½μ μ μ£ΌκΆμ μμΆμ μ°κ³μν€λ λ
Όμλ ννΈμΌλ‘ μ΄κ΅μ κΈ°μ
μ μν₯λ ₯μ, λ€λ₯Έ ννΈμΌλ‘ WTO λ±μ μ΄κ΅κ° 기ꡬμ μν μ μ£Όμ μ€λͺ
λ³μλ‘ μΌλλ€. μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ WTOμ κ²½μμ μ±
μ λ€μκ·λ²ν μ€ν¨μ¬λ‘ λΆμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νκ²½ μ μ±
κ΄λ ¨ λ€μκ·λ²μ μ±κ²© κ·λͺ
μ ν΅ν΄μ WTOλ κ΅κ²½μ μμμ μλνλ μ μ±
μμμμμλ λ¬λ¦¬, κ΅κ²½μ μμμμ μ μ±
μ¬μλ€μ λν΄μλ κ°κ΅μ κ΅κ°μ£ΌκΆμ μ μ½νλ λ°μλ λλ ·ν νκ³λ₯Ό κ°λλ€λ μ μ λ°νκ³ μλ€.
Does globalization limit the role of national government over national economy, and has shrunken national sovereignty gradually? The arguments about the effect of globalization are centered on either the power of transnational corporations or the expanding role of international economic organizations such as WTO and IMF. This article tried to show the WTO's limited authority as a transnational organization which restrains the national sovereignty of the member states. By analysing the failed attempts of multilateral agreements in the competition policy area and the traits of environmental multilateral agreements, this study asserts that although the WTO has tried to set up the multilateral rule 'behind the borderline', the national sovereignty of each state is still working over its market and economy
The Change of the Economic Role of Korean Government and the Change of the Market Institution: A Discursive Institutionalist Approach
80λ
λ 5곡νκ΅ μ λΆμ μμ ν μμ±
μ νκ΅μ λΆμ κ²½μ μ μν λ³νμ κ²°μ μ ν°
λ ν¬μΈνΈμμΌλ©°, νκ΅μ μμ₯μ λμ κ°μ₯ μ€μν λ³νμ μ΄μλ€. μ λΆκ° κ²½μ κ°λ°κ³Ό μ±
μ₯μ μ‘°μ₯νκΈ° μν΄ νΉμ κΈ°μ
μ νκΉν
νμ¬ μ λ³μ μΌλ‘ μ‘μ±νλ μ΄μ§μ(promoter)
λ‘μμ μν μ μ§μνκ³ , μμ₯μ μμ κ³Ό μμ¨, κ°λ°©μ΄λΌλ λ―Όκ°μ£Όλμ μ μ±
κΈ°μ‘°λ‘ μ
ννλ€λ μ , λν μ λΆκ° κΈ°μ
λ€ κ° κ²½μμ μ λνκΈ° μμνκ³ , κΈ°μ
νλμ μ¬νμ λΆ
μμ©μ μΌλμ λ κ·μ μ(regulator)λ‘μμ μν μ 체κ³μ μΌλ‘ μ λνν΄ λκ°κΈ° μμ
νλ€λ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ€. μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μ΅κ·Όμ λ΄λ‘ μ λμ£Όμ μ€λͺ
νμ μκ±°νμ¬ μ΄λ¬ν λ³νκ°
λ°μ κ΅κ°μ μκΈ°λ κΈλ‘λ² μΈμμ κΈ°μΈν κ²μ΄λΌκΈ°λ³΄λ€λ λΉμ κ²½μ κΈ°νμ κ΄λ£λ€μ
μμ΄λμ΄μ λ΄λ‘ μΌλ‘λΆν° λ°λ¨λ λ΄μμ μΈ λ³νλΌκ³ μ€λͺ
νκ³ μλ€.
The stabilization policy initiated by the 5th Republic Government in the early 1980s
was a decisive turning point of the economic role of the national government, and the
critical juncture for the change of the market institution in Korea. During early 1980s, the role of Korean government in economy had changed radically from the promoter to the market regulator focusing on retreating interventionist policies. This study explains the stabilization policy was designed neither as a reactive response to the exogenous pressure from abroad nor as a response to the crisis of the success of the developmental state, but as policy solutions originated from the ideas and discourse of policy actors within the EPB
Policy Convergence lnitiated by Epistemic Community: Case Study Focused on International Competition Network(ICN)
κΈλ‘λ²νλ₯Ό λ°°κ²½μΌλ‘ κ°κ΅μμμ κ²½μμ μ±
μ λ³ν λ° κ΅κ° κ° κ²½μ μ μ±
μ μ‘°ν λ° μλ ΄ κ³Όμ μ μ€λͺ
νκΈ° μν λͺ©νλ₯Ό κ°λλ€. κΈλ‘λ²νλ₯Ό λ°°κ²½μΌλ‘ κ°κ΅ μ μ±
μ μλ ΄μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ κ²½λ‘λ λ€μν μ μλ€. μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ κ²½μμ μ±
μμμμμ κ°λ³κ΅ κ°μ μ μ±
μ΄μ λ° μ μ±
μλ ΄ νμμ κ²½μμ μ±
κΈλ‘λ² κ±°λ²λμ€ κ°λ
μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ λΆμνλ©°οΌ μ μ±
μ΄μ κ³Όμ μμ κ²½μμ μ±
μ λ¬Έκ° λ€νΈμν¬λ‘μ ICN(International Competition Network)μ μν κ³Ό κ·Έ μμλ₯Ό λΆμνλ€. ICNμ κ°λ³ νμκ΅ μ μ±
κ²°μ μλ€μ μΈμλ³ν λ° μΈμ곡μ λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ₯κΈ°μ μλͺ©μμμ κ΅μ μ μ‘°νμ νλ ₯ μ νλ°©νλ©΄μ μΆλ²ν κ΅μ κ²½μ μ μ±
기ꡬμ΄λ€. ICNμ νΉν κ°λκ΅ κ²½μμ μ±
κ΄λ£λ€μ΄ νμ΅ν μ μλ λͺ¨λ²κ΄νμ μ립 Β· μ μνκ³ μ΄μ μλ°μ μ΄μ μ λλͺ¨νκ³ μλ€ νμ§λ§ μ μ±
μλ ΄ μ¬λΆκ° μ μ±
λΉκ΅μμ μΈμ§λ ₯ κ³Ό μλ°μ μ ν μ μν΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κ³ μλ€λ μ μ ν μν© νμμ κ²½μμ μ±
μ μλ ΄μ λ
Όνλ κ²μ΄ μΌλ§λ μ±κΈν κ²μΈκ°λ₯Ό λ§ν΄ μ€λ€. μμ₯ κ²½μμ λν κ·μ λ λ³Έμ§μ μΌλ‘ μ μΉμ μΈ μ±κ²©μ κ°μ§λ©°οΌ κ°κ΅μ κ³ μ ν μμ₯κ²½μ λͺ¨λΈ μμμ κΈ°λ₯νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
Globalization has changed market-related policies and institutions of almost all countries of market economy. This article focuses on explaining the convergence process of each countrys competition policy. There can be several paths of converging process of public policies. This articleοΌ by using the concept of global governance and policy transfer, analyses the WTOs past endeavor for multi-lateralism in the competition policy area and its failure to set up a multi-agreement. The International Competition Network', a sort of alternative to hard law approach for policy harmonization, is now functioning as a venue for competition policy transfer. But this article tries to explain the negative perspective on the converging process based on epistemic community of expert-network because it is dependent purely on voluntary transfer based upon a model practice