43 research outputs found

    A Panel Data Analysis on Policy Instruments for Renewable Energy Deployment

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€,2020. 2. ν—ˆμ€λ…•.κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” λŒ€μ‘ 및 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 세계 κ°κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 보급을 μœ„ν•œ 정책을 수립, μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ •μ±…κ³Ό μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 보급 ν™•λŒ€(Deployment)의 상관관계에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ„μ„ν•œ λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬ가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ꡬ체적으둜 μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ •μ±… μš”μΈμ΄ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ„μ„ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 2000λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2018λ…„κΉŒμ§€ OECD κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 정책에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ΅­κ°€λ³„λ‘œ μ •μ±… μ‹œν–‰μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 효과λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŒ¨λ„ 자료 λͺ¨ν˜•(Panel Data Model)을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 기쑴의 μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 정책에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ듀은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •μ±… λ²”μ£Ό 쀑 RPS(Renewable-Portfolio-Standard)λ‚˜ FIT(Feed-in-Tariff)의 μ •μ±…λ§Œμ„ λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ꡭ가듀이 RPS와 FITλ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜κ³  있으며, κ·Έ 외에도 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 정책듀을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μœ„μ˜ 두 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œλŠ” μ •μ±…μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” 것에 ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ •μ±…μ˜ μ‹œν–‰μ—¬λΆ€μ— 따라 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ •μ±… μ‹œν–‰μ˜ 강도(Stringency)λ₯Ό 뢄석에 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” ν•œκ³„μ μ„ μ§€λ‹Œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” IRENA와 IEAμ—μ„œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ •μ±… λΆ„λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ Economic Instruments, RD&D, Policy Support, Regulatory Instruments, Information and Education κ³Ό Voluntary Approaches 의 6가지 λΆ„λ₯˜λ₯Ό 뢄석에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히, Economic Instruments와 RD&D의 경우, 각 ꡭ가별 λ³΄κΈ‰μ§€μ›μ˜ˆμ‚°κ³Ό μ—°κ΅¬κ°œλ°œμ˜ˆμ‚°μ„ 직접 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„μ˜ 두 ν•œκ³„μ μ„ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λΆ„λ₯˜μ˜ 경우, κ΅­κ°€λ³„λ‘œ μ‹œν–‰ μ—¬λΆ€μ˜ 차이가 μžˆμ„ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ •μ±… λ³€μˆ˜ κ°„μ˜ 내생성(Endogenous) 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ •μ±…μ˜ μ‹œν–‰ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό 뢄석에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫번째둜, μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 보급 ν™•λŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 쒅속 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ°œμ „λŸ‰κ³Ό μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ„€λΉ„ μš©λŸ‰μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ°œμ „λŸ‰κ³Ό μ„€λΉ„ μš©λŸ‰ λͺ¨λ‘ μ •λΆ€μ˜ λ³΄κΈ‰μ§€μ›μ˜ˆμ‚° κ³Ό μ—°κ΅¬κ°œλ°œμ˜ˆμ‚°μ˜ 증가에 따라 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μ–‘(+)의 상관관계λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 규제 μ •μ±…(Regulatory Instruments)은 μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ„€μΉ˜ μš©λŸ‰κ³Ό μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ°œμ „λŸ‰ 증가에 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 규제 μ •μ±…κ³Ό μ •μ±… 지원을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ—μ„œ μ—­μ‹œ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ°œμ „λŸ‰μ΄ λ”μš± μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ, μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 기술의 λ°œμ „ 정도λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 쒅속 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ κ΄€λ ¨ νŠΉν—ˆ μΆœμ› 수λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, μ •λΆ€μ˜ λ³΄κΈ‰μ§€μ›μ˜ˆμ‚°κ³Ό μ—°κ΅¬κ°œλ°œμ˜ˆμ‚°μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν• μˆ˜λ‘ νŠΉν—ˆ μΆœμ› κ°œμˆ˜λ„ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ •μ±… 지원(Policy Support)κ³Ό 자발적 μ°Έμ—¬ 독렀(Voluntary Approaches) 정책을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ νŠΉν—ˆ μΆœμ› μˆ˜κ°€ λ”μš± μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ가 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. μ •λΆ€ μ£Όλ„μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ •μ±…κ³Ό 같은 사업은 μžμ›μ˜ νˆ¬μž…μ΄ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨λ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‚¬νšŒκ²½μ œμ  νŒŒκΈ‰λ ₯이 κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 효율적인 운영과 μ •ν™•ν•œ 평가가 μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ •μ±…μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 각각의 μ •μ±… μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 보급 효과λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ±… 및 μ˜ˆμ‚° 수립 μ‹œ μ •μ±…μ˜ μ‹€ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 보급 효과λ₯Ό 미리 μ˜ˆμƒ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 기쑴의 μ—°κ΅¬μ™€λŠ” 달리 정책을 λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹œν–‰ 강도에 λ”°λ₯Έ 뢄석을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 각각의 μ •μ±…κ³Ό μ‹œν–‰ 강도에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€κ³  이λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­κ°€λ³„λ‘œ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ 보급 및 κΈ°μˆ λ°œμ „ ν˜„ν™©μ— 따라 μ•Œλ§žμ€ μ •μ±… 수립과 μ˜ˆμ‚° λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό 톡해 μ›ν•˜λŠ” 효과λ₯Ό μ¦λŒ€μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.Studies that analyze the correlation between renewable energy policies and renewable energy deployment are increasing in number as more countries are putting efforts into implementing the policies for renewable energy deployment. Efficiently analyzing the policy effects of renewable energy deployment, while integrating the policy stringency into the analysis, is important as it would provide sufficient information about the effectiveness and substance of the policy itself. Thus, in this study, six categories, as provided by International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), were considered for the analysis: economic instruments, RD&D, policy support, regulatory instruments, information and education, and voluntary approaches. For economic instruments and RD&D, the budget for supply support and R&D by each country were used as variables to overcome the limitation of not reflecting the implementation stringency. For the other categories, dummy variables were used for analysis due to the difference in implementation by country as well as endogenous problems among policy instruments. Firstly, factors such as net capacity of renewable energy and renewable energy generation were used as dependent variables for expanding the supply of renewable energy. The analysis showed that both renewable energy generation and renewable capacity have a correlation with the increase in (+) the government's budget for public support and RD&D. In addition, the regulatory instruments were found to have a positive effect on the capacity to install renewable energy and on renewable energy generation. Policies encouraging support and voluntary participation have resulted in an increase in renewable energy generation. Subsequently, the number of patent applications related to renewable energy was analyzed as a dependent variable to determine the extent of renewable energy technology’s development. The analysis found that the government's budget for both supply support and RD&D had a positive effect. Moreover, policy support and voluntary approach policies were also found to contribute in increasing the number of patent applications. The findings of this study will make it possible to predict in advance the dissemination effects resulting from the implementation of the policy during the formulation of the government’s policies and budget allocation. Unlike previous studies, this study classified and analyzed policies according to their implementation strength. This confirmed that the results for each policy and implementation intensity differ and, this is valuable in that, each country can increase the desired effect by establishing appropriate policies and allocating the budget according to the current status of renewable energy supply and technology development.Abstract οΌ’ List of Tables οΌ— List of Figures 8 Chapter 1. Introduction οΌ™ 1.1. Research Background οΌ™ 1.2. Research Objective οΌ‘οΌ” 1.3. Research Design οΌ‘οΌ• Chapter 2. Overview of Renewable Energy Policies in OECD countries οΌ‘οΌ– 2.1. Introduction οΌ‘οΌ– 2.2. Policy Instruments. οΌ‘οΌ— 2.2.1. Economic Instruments οΌ‘οΌ™ 2.2.2. Research Development and Demonstration 20 2.2.3. Regulatory Instruments οΌ’οΌ‘ 2.2.4. Policy Support οΌ’οΌ’ 2.2.5. Information and Education οΌ’οΌ“ 2.2.6. Voluntary Approaches οΌ’οΌ” 2.3. Renewable energy policies in OECD countries οΌ’οΌ– 2.3.1. Republic of Korea οΌ’οΌ— 2.3.2. The United States οΌ“οΌ“ 2.3.3. Germany οΌ“οΌ• 2.3.4. Denmark οΌ“οΌ˜ Chapter 3. Literature Review 40 3.1. Theoretical Studies 40 3.2. Studies using panel data estimation methods οΌ”οΌ˜ 3.3. Measures of policy implementation stringency οΌ•οΌ‘ Chapter 4. Data and Research Methodology οΌ•οΌ“ 4.1. Data οΌ•οΌ“ 4.1.1 Dependent Variables οΌ•οΌ“ 4.1.2 Independent Variables 60 4.1.3 Explanatory Variables οΌ–οΌ’ 4.2. Methodology οΌ–οΌ• 4.2.1 Decision for fixed effects and random effects model οΌ–οΌ– 4.2.2 Panel fixed effects model οΌ–οΌ— Chapter 5. Empirical Results οΌ–οΌ˜ 5.1. Results for test of model decision οΌ–οΌ˜ 5.2. Empirical Results οΌ—οΌ’ 5.2.1. Empirical results of installed capacity of Renewables Energy οΌ—οΌ’ 5.2.2. Empirical results of electricity generation from Renewable Energy οΌ—οΌ• 5.2.3. Empirical results of Patents application in the renewable energy sector οΌ—οΌ˜ Chapter 6. Conclusion οΌ˜οΌ‘ 6.1. Summary of the findings οΌ˜οΌ‘ 6.2. Discussion οΌ˜οΌ• Bibliography 88 Abstract οΌ™οΌ“ Appendix οΌ™οΌ•Maste

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