6 research outputs found

    ν™•μ‚° ν…μ„œ μ˜μƒμ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λœ μΆ©λ™μ‘°μ ˆμž₯μ• μ˜ 미세ꡬ쑰적 νŠΉμ„± 뢄석

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ‡ŒμΈμ§€κ³Όν•™κ³Ό, 2012. 2. μ΄μž¬μ„±.Impulse control disorder (ICD) has been focused one of the major malicious side-effects in Parkinsons disease (PD) patients medicated with dopaminergic agonists. However, structural changes in ICD have not been measured in comparison to normal PD. This study deals with the differences in ICD to elucidate structural causes or effects of the characteristic pathological conditions. Three age-matched groups (the normal aged controls, PD patients ICD negative, PD patients ICD positive) were selected, and images of total 28 subjects were count in the statistical analyses. The acquisition of diffusion tensor images was done on a 3T system (Trio, Siemens, Germany) with 30 non-collinear diffusion gradients and one of zero gradients, using spin-echo EPI sequence. The evaluation of white matter differences was done with voxel-based measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Preprocessing and postprocessing of the diffusion images were done using FSL Brain Analysis Toolbox (FMRIB Software Library, FMRIB, Oxford Univ. UK). For group comparisons, statistical analyses were performed in voxel-base using skeleton image of mean FA as the mask of images. General linear model was designed by GLM package included in FSL and nuisance factors of age, gender, Hoehn-Yahr stage, MMSE score, and PD duration were disregarded. Corrected t-stats were found by permutation tests of 5000 permutation trials using Randomise package of FSL. Statistic results from diffusion images revealed no distinctive changes in comparisons between ICD negative or positive PD groups and CON group. However, it is discovered that ICD patients have substantially higher FA values (corrected, p < 0.05) in various regions. These include right hemispheric striatal radiation which comprises globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. Tracts of orbitofrontal cortex linked to subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in left hemisphere also had significantly higher FA value compared to PDC. It is expected that some of the main structural changes in ICD patients potentially indicate dopaminergic reward processing system functions are relatively preserved in ICD patients compared to PDC. This difference is elucidated in particular tracts linking basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Therefore it is concluded that ICD may be caused more easily among PD patients with intact dopaminergic reward system, supporting previous studies of dopaminergic overstimulation inferences. Characteristic behaviors under pathological conditions of ICD are potentially provoked by excessive supply of dopaminergic signals while not required.좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• (Impulse control disorder, ICD)λŠ” λ„νŒŒλ―Ό 주동약물을 λ³΅μš©ν•˜λŠ” νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” λΆ€μž‘μš©μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μ£Όλͺ©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• λ₯Ό μ•“λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ μ‹ κ²½ ꡬ쑰가 일반적인 νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μžμ™€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έμ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ•  ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œμ„œ νŠΉμ§•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°μƒμ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 밝힘으둜써 이 μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μ›μΈμ΄λ‚˜ 결과에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό λ•κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 평균 λ‚˜μ΄λ₯Ό κ°™κ²Œ μ‘°μ •ν•œ μ„Έ 개의 ν”Όν—˜μžκ΅°(λ‚˜μ΄ λ§Žμ€ 정상인, 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• κ°€ μ—†λŠ” νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μž, 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• κ°€ μžˆλŠ” νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μž)이 μ„ νƒλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 총 28λͺ…μ˜ ν”Όν—˜μž 데이터λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 톡계뢄석을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™•μ‚° ν…μ„œ μ˜μƒ(Diffusion tensor image)의 νšλ“μ€ 3T 자기곡λͺ…μ˜μƒ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ μŠ€ν•€μ—μ½” EPI μ‹œν€€μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ , κ°œμΈλ‹Ή 30λ°©ν–₯의 ν™•μ‚°κΈ°μšΈκΈ°μ™€ ν™•μ‚°κΈ°μšΈκΈ° 0이 적용된 31개의 이미지λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 백질(White matter) λ³€ν™”μ˜ ν‰κ°€λŠ” voxel λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ Fractional anisotropy (FA) κ°’ 및 Mean diffusivity (MD) 값을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. ν™•μ‚° μ˜μƒμ˜ μ „μ²˜λ¦¬μ™€ ν›„μ²˜λ¦¬λŠ” FSL ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨(FMRIB Software Library, FMRIB, Oxford Univ. UK)을 톡해 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν”Όν—˜μžκ΅° κ°„μ˜ 톡계적인 ꡬ뢄을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ FA 값을 voxel λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ μΆ”μΆœν•˜μ—¬ λ§Œλ“  이미지λ₯Ό ν‰κ· ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λͺ¨λ“  κ°œλ³„ μ΄λ―Έμ§€μ—λŠ” κ³ μ •μ—­μΉ˜κ°’μ„ μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 일정 κ°’ μ΄μƒλ§Œ 평균과 비ꡐ할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν”Όν—˜μžκ΅°μ˜ μΌλ°˜μ„ ν˜•λͺ¨λΈ(General linear model)은 FSL에 ν¬ν•¨λœ GLM λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μΌλ°˜μ„ ν˜•λͺ¨λΈμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ΄, 성별, Hoehn-Yahr μ μˆ˜μˆ˜μ€€, MMSE μ μˆ˜μˆ˜μ€€, PD λ°œλ³‘κΈ°κ°„μ˜ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹€μ œ κ°’μ˜ λΉ„κ΅λŠ” FSL의 Randomise 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 5000μˆœμ—΄μ˜ λΉ„λͺ¨μˆ˜ν†΅κ³„λ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, λ‹€μ€‘λΉ„κ΅λ‘œ μΈν•œ μ—λŸ¬λ₯Ό κ΅μ •ν•œ T수치λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 톡계적 결과에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄, 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• κ°€ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ—†λŠ” νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μžμ™€ 정상ꡰ κ°„μ˜ λšœλ ·ν•œ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• κ°€ μžˆλŠ” νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μžλŠ” μ—†λŠ” ν™˜μžμ— λΉ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ κ³³μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 더 높은 FA 값을 κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€(닀쀑비ꡐ μ—λŸ¬ ꡐ정됨, p < 0.05). 차이가 λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ—­λ“€ κ°€μš΄λ° μš°λ°˜κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 흑체(Substantia nigra), μ‹œμƒν•˜ν•΅(Subthalamic nucleus)κ³Ό 담창ꡬ(Globus pallidus)λ₯Ό μž‡λŠ” 선쑰체(Striatum) μ˜μ—­μ˜ 백질이 λŒ€ν‘œμ μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ’Œλ°˜κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆμ™€μ „λ‘ν”Όμ§ˆ(Orbitofrontal cortex)κ³Ό μŠ¬ν•˜μ „λ‘λŒ€μƒν”Όμ§ˆ(Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex)을 μž‡λŠ” 백질의 FA값이 μΆ©λ™μ‘°μ ˆμž₯μ•  ν™˜μžλ“€μ—μ„œ 더 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. μœ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ, μΆ©λ™μ‘°μ ˆ μž₯μ•  ν™˜μžλ“€μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 차이가 λ„νŒŒλ―Όμ— κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 보상 회둜 κΈ°λŠ₯의 μƒλŒ€μ μΈ 보쑴을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€κ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 톡계적 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” 특히 κΈ°μ €ν•΅(Basal Ganglia)κ³Ό 흑체(Substantia nigra)λ₯Ό μž‡λŠ” μ‹ κ²½λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ„νŒŒλ―Όμ΄ κ΄€μ—¬ν•œ 보상 νšŒλ‘œκ°€ 비ꡐ적 보쑴된 νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• κ°€ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ 일어날 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ²°λ‘ μ§€μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ΄λŠ” λ„νŒŒλ―Ό μ‹ ν˜Έμ˜ μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ 강화에 μ˜ν•΄ 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œμ˜ 좔둠을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 좩동 쑰절 μž₯μ• μ—μ„œμ˜ 행동 이상은 κ³Όμž‰μ˜ λ„νŒŒλ―Ό μ‹ ν˜Έλ‘œ 인해 μ΄‰λ°œλ  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μΆ”μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€.Maste

    Generation of Ion-Selective Artificial Membranes

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    Metal Ion-controlled Molecular Switches of DNA Polymerase

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