17 research outputs found
κΈ°κ³μ μλ ₯μ΄ μΉμ£ΌμΈλμΈν¬μ μΈν¬μ¦μ λ° μΈν¬μ£ΌκΈ° μ‘°μ μΈμλ€μ λ°νμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯
Thesis (doctoral)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μΉμνκ³Ό ꡬκ°μννμ 곡,1998.Docto
μΈμ°μ§μ λκΈ°μ λ Έλμλ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘, 1987-2010
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ νκ΅ λ
Έλκ³κΈμ μ°λκ° μ½νλ μ΄μ μ κ·Έ κ³Όμ μ λ
Έλκ³κΈ νμ±κ³Ό λ³νμ μκ°μμ κ·λͺ
νμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μνμ¬ νκ΅μ μ΅λ μ°μ
λμμΈ μΈμ°μ μ€κ³΅μ
λΆλ¬Έ λκΈ°μ
, νΉν νλμλμ°¨μ νλμ€κ³΅μ
μ μ°μ
λ
Έλμ μ§λ¨μ μ°κ΅¬ λμμΌλ‘ μ μ νμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ κ³κΈμ΄ κ°κ΄μ μΌλ‘ μ£Όμ΄μ§ ꡬ쑰μ μν΄ κ²°μ λλ κ²μ΄ μλλΌ, ꡬ체μ μΈ μ곡κ°μ λ§₯λ½ μμμ κ³κΈμ ꡬμ±νλ μ¬λ¬ μΈ΅μλ€ κ°μ μ°λ°μ μΈ μνΈμμ©μ κ²°κ³Όλ‘ νμ±λλ κ²μ΄λΌλ μ΄λ‘ μ κ΄μ μ μ·¨νμλ€. μ΄μ λ°λΌ 1987λ
λΆν° 2010λ
κΉμ§ μΈμ°μ§μ λ
Έλμλ€μ κ³κΈμν©, μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±, μ§ν©νλμ μΈ κ°μ§ μΈ΅μλ€ κ°κ°μ λ³ν κ³Όμ μ μΆμ νλ ννΈ, κ·Έ μΈ΅μλ€ κ°μ μνΈμμ©μ κ²°κ³Όμ μ£Όλͺ©νμλ€. μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μμ½νλ©΄ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€.
1) μΈμ°μ§μμ λ
Έλκ³κΈ νμ±μ 1987λ
μ λκ·λͺ¨ λ
Έλμ μ§ν©νλμ κ³κΈ°λ‘ 본격μ μΌλ‘ μ§νλμλ€. λ§€μ° λμ§νλ κ³κΈμν©μ λ°°κ²½μΌλ‘ μ§ν©νλμ΄ λΆμΆνλ©΄μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ΅μμ λ
Έμ¬κ΄κ³λ λΉ λ₯΄κ² 무λμ‘λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ νλ°μ λμμ΄ λνλ κ²°μ μ κ΅λ©΄μμ ꡬ쑰νλ μ‘°μ§μ μ μ°λ€μ μ΄νμ λ
Έλμ μ°λλ₯Ό μ μ½νμλ€. 1987λ
μ§ν λ
Έλμλ€μ μμμ μΈ μ§μ μ°λκ° νμ±νλμμ§λ§ κ·Έκ²μ΄ μ‘°μ§νλκ±°λ μ λνλμ§λ λͺ»νμκ³ , λ
Έλμ μ°λμ λ²μλ λ
Έλμμ₯ λΆμ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ°μ΄λμ§ λͺ»νμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ νμ μ°λμ μ ν΅μΌλ‘ μΈνμ¬ μΈμ°μ μ§μλ
Έλμ΄λμ μμμ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ μ λ΅μ μ νμ μμ‘΄νμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ‘°μ§μ μ μ° μμμ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ λΆνμ μ΄μ΅ μΆκ΅¬ μ±ν₯μ μ μ μ»€μ Έκ°κ³ μ§μμ λ€λ₯Έ λ
Έλμλ€κ³Όμ μ΄ν΄ κ· μ΄μ λμ΄μ‘λ€.
2) 1990λ
λ μΈμ°μ§μ λ
Έλμλ€μ κ³κΈμν©μμλ ν° λ³νκ° λνλ¬λ€. κ·Έ λ³νλ λμ§νμμ μ΄μ§νλ‘ μμ½λλ©°, κ·Έ ν¨κ³Όλ μ°λμ μ¬νμ κΈ°λ°μ μΉ¨μμ΄μλ€. μΈμ°μ§μμ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°λ€μ λ¨μ²΄κ΅μμ ν΅ν μκΈμΈμ ν¬μμ 맀κ°λ‘ μ‘°ν©μμ μ ν¬μ λμ μ λ΅μ ν΅ν΄ κ³κΈνμ±μ μ΄λ£¨μ΄κ°λ€. μ ν¬μ λμμ ν΅μ¬ κΈ°μ λ μκΈκ·Ήλνμ μκΈνμ€ν λͺ©νκ° κ²°ν©λ λ
Έμ‘° μκΈμ μ±
κ³Ό μ΄μ λν μ‘°ν©μμ λμ νΈμμ±μ΄μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ μκΈμΈμμ μ μΉλ μ 체 λ
Έλκ³κΈμ λΆμ κ³Ό μ΄μ§ν μΆμΈμ λ³ννλ κ²μ΄μλ€. λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ΄λμ μ±κ³Όλ λ
Έλμ μ°λμ κ°νλ‘ μ°κ²°λμ§ λͺ»νμκ³ μ€νλ € μ°λμ μ¬νμ κΈ°λ°μ΄ νλ¬Όμ΄μ§λ μμ€μ κ²°κ³Όκ° μ΄λλμλ€. 1990λ
λ λμ μΈμ°μ§μμ μ°μ
λ
Έλμλ€μ μ λ°μ μΈ κ³κΈμν©μμ λμ§μ κ³κΈμΌλ‘ 보기 νλ€μ΄μ§ λ§νΌ μ΄μ§μ μΈ μ‘΄μ¬κ° λμλ€.
3) λκΈ°μ
μ°μ
λ
Έλμλ€μ μνμΈκ³ λν 1990λ
λλ₯Ό κ±°μΉλ©° ν¬κ² λ³νλμλ€. μκΈμλμ μμΉ, κ°μ‘±μκΈμ μ±μ·¨, μλΉκ΅¬μ‘°μ κ³ λν, κ°μ μ€μ¬μ±μ κΈ°λ°ν κ°μ‘±μν μμμ νμ° λ±μ΄ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έλμμ μνμΈκ³ λ³νμ μ£Όμ λ΄μ©μ΄λ€. 1990λ
λμ μ΄λ¬ν μΆμ λ³νμ 1μΈλ μ°μ
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Έλμμ μμ κ³Όμ μμ λλ ·ν μ λΆμμΉμΌλ‘ κ²½νλμκ³ , νκ΅μ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έλμ μ§λ¨μ κ²½μ μ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ μ€μ°μΈ΅ν λμλ€.
κ·Έλ¬λ κ²½μ μ μ€μ°μΈ΅νλ λ¨μ± λ
Έλμμ μΆμ κ²½νμ λΉμΆμ΄ λ³Ό λ λΆλΆμ μΈ κ²μ΄μλ€. μ λΆμμΉκ³Ό μνμ μλ½ν¨μ΄ μ₯μκ°μ 곡μ₯λ
Έλκ³Ό κ΅νλμμ§λ§, μ μ λ³ΈμΈλ€μ κ·Έ λ
Έκ³ μ λκ°λ₯Ό μ¨μ ν λλ¦¬μ§ λͺ»νλ κ² λ¨μ± λ
Έλμλ€μ μΆμ΄μλ€. μ΄μ λ°λΌ λ
Έλμλ€μ μ¬νμ μ 체μ±μ μ€μ°μΈ΅νλ μνμΈκ³μ μ‘체λ
Έλμ νμ€μ΄ μ§λ°°νλ 곡μ₯μ μΈκ³ μ¬μ΄μ μ‘΄μ¬νλ λ¬Ένμ κ°κ·Ή μμμ κ·μ λμλ€. ννΈμΌλ‘, μ΄ λ¬Ένμ κ°κ·Ή μμμ λ¨μ± λ
Έλμλ€μ κ²½μ μ μκ³λΆμμ μν μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ ν μμ μ μ¬νμ μ 체μ±μ μΈμ λ°κ³ μ νλλ°, μκΈμΈμ μμ£Όμ λ
Έμ‘°μ΄λμ΄ λ¨μ± λ
Έλμλ€μ μ΄λ¬ν μ 체μ±μ μ§λ¨μ λ°©μμΌλ‘ νμΈνκ³ μ¬μμ°νλ κΈ°λ₯μ μννλ€. λ€λ₯Έ ννΈμΌλ‘, μ΄ λ¬Ένμ κ°κ·Ήμ λꡬμ μ§λ¨μ£Όμμ νμ μ±ν₯μ΄ νλΒ·μ¬μμ°λλ 쑰건μΌλ‘ μμ©νμλ€. μ¦ λ
Έλμ νΉμ μ μ§λ¨μ£Όμκ° κ³κΈμ μ°λ보λ€λ λ
Έλμ κ°μΈμ μ§μ μμΉμ μν λκ΅¬λ‘ νμ©λλ νμ μ±ν₯μ΄ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έλμλ€μ μ§λ°°νκ² λ κ²μ΄λ€. κ²°κ΅ λꡬμ μ§λ¨μ£Όμ νμμ μκΈμΈμμ μν μ ν¬μ λ
Έμ‘°μ΄λμ μ΄μ κ³κΈμ νμ±μ μ΄μ§ν기보λ€λ μ€νλ € κ³κΈμ ν΄μ²΄μ λ³νμ κΈ°μ¬νκ² λλ κΈ°λ₯ μ νμ κ²ͺκ² λμλ€.
4) μ΄μμ λ
Έλκ³κΈμ ν΄μ²΄μ λ³νμ μ°μ
μ μκ°μ΄ κ³ λμ±μ₯μ κ΅λ©΄μμ μΈνμκΈ°λ₯Ό κ³κΈ°λ‘ λΆν©κ³Ό ꡬ쑰쑰μ μ κ΅λ©΄μΌλ‘ μ§μ
νκ² λλ©΄μ 본격μ μΌλ‘ μΈνλμλ€. ν΄μ²΄μ λ³νμ μνλ ν¬κ² λ€μ μΈ κ°μ§λ‘ λνλ¬λ€.
첫째, λκΈ°μ
λ
Έλμλ€μ μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ λ°°νμ μΈ λͺ¨μ΅μΌλ‘ λ³ννμλλ°, κ·Έκ²μ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ νλμμ μ°λ μ λ΅λ³΄λ€λ μ¬νμ νμ μ λ΅μ΄ μ λ©΄μ λμλλ‘ νμλ€. μ΄ λ³ν κ³Όμ μ μ€μ¬μλ μ¬λ΄νμ² λ
Έλμμ λν μ‘°μ§μ λ°°μ κ° μ리νκ³ μλ€. λμ§Έ, μΈνμκΈ° μ΄ν λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ μκΈμ μ±
μμλ μΌμ ν λ³νκ° λνλ¬λ€. 2000λ
λμ λ
Έμ‘°μ μκΈκ·Ήλν λͺ©νλ λ³λμ±κ³ΌκΈμ λΉμ€ νλλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λ¬μ±λμλ€. μ΄κ²μ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ΄λμ΄ κ³κΈλ΄ μ°λ보λ€λ κΈ°μ
λ΄μμμ κ³κΈκ° λλ§Ήμ μ°μ μνλ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄λνκ³ μλ€. λν κΈ°μ‘΄ μ κ·μ§ μ‘°ν©μλ€μκ²λ§ μ μ©λλ λ
Έμ‘°μ μκΈνμ€ν μ μ±
μ μ¬λ΄νμ² λ
Έλμλ€μ λμΌλ
Έλ λμΌμκΈ μꡬλ₯Ό μμ©νμ§ λͺ»νλ©΄μ μ λΉμ± λ¬Έμ μ μ§λ©΄νκ² λμλ€. μ
μ§Έ, λκΈ°μ
λ
Έλμμ μ§ν©νλ ν¨ν΄μμλ μ ν λΉλμ μ λ°μ κ°μ, μ ν λ νΌν 리μ μ¨κ±΄ν, μ°λμ μ§ν©νλμ μ ν΄, νμ
νλμ μλ‘ν νμμ΄ κ΄μ°°λμλ€. μ΅κ·Ό μΈμ°μ§μμμλ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ§μλ
Έλμ΄λμ μ£Όλνλ λκΈ°μ
λ
Έμ‘°μ μ§ν©νλμ μ ν΄νκ³ λΉμ κ·μ§ λ±μ μ£Όλ³λΆ λ
Έλμλ€μ μ ν νμ±νλΌλ μλ‘μ΄ μμμ΄ μΆννκ³ μλ€.
5) μ’
ν©μ μΌλ‘ 보면, μΈμ°μ§μμ μ¬λ‘μμ λ³Ό μ μλ―μ΄ νκ΅μ μμΆλΆλ¬Έ μ¬λ² λκΈ°μ
μ λ
Έλμλ€μ κ°μ κ³κΈ μμΉλ₯Ό 곡μ νλ λ
Έλμλ€κ³Όμ μ°λ보λ€λ κ·Έλ€λ§μ λ°°νμ μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό μ’μκ°λ λΆνμ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μ»€μ Έκ°λ€. μ§λ¨ μ μ²΄μ± μΈ΅μμμ λꡬμ μ§λ¨μ£Όμμ νμ μ±ν₯μ΄ μ§λ°°νκ³ μκ³ , κ³κΈμν©κ³Ό μ‘°μ§μ μΈ΅μμμλ μ‘°μ§μ λΆμ°μ±κ³Ό κ³κΈμν©μ μ΄μ§μ±μ κ²°ν©μ΄ λ³λ μ
μν μμ μ²ν΄ μμΌλ©°, μ’
ν©μ μΌλ‘λ κ³κΈμ ν΄μ²΄μ λ³νμ κ²ͺκ³ μλ€. ν₯ν νκ΅μ μ‘°μ§ λ
Έλμ΄ κ³κΈ μ¬νμ±κ³Ό κ³κΈ ννΈνμ κ²½λ‘ μ€ μ΄λ ν κΈΈλ‘ λμκ°μ§λ νμ¬μ ν΄μ²΄μ λ³ν κ³Όμ μ μ μ΄ν μ μλ λΆμ μμ μ°λλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨μ΄λΌ μ μλμ§μ λ¬λ €μλ€.Working-Class Formation and Transformation in South Korea: Unionism and Life-Worlds of Industrial Workers in Ulsan, 1987-2010
Yoo, Hyung Geun
Department of Sociology
Graduate School
Seoul National University
From the perspective of class formation and its transformation, this study investigates why and how working-class solidarity in South Korea has been diminished. To do this, the study undertakes a case study of the unionism and life-worlds of industrial workers employed by large factories in the Hyundai automobile and ship-building industries in the city of Ulsan from 1987 to 2010. Contending that social classes are not determined by the objectively given structures of relations of production, it takes the theoretical standing that they are made, in particular time-spatial contexts, by the contingent interaction process among the levels or tiers that constitute them, such as the economic structure, class situation, collective identities and collective action. The findings can be summarized as follows:
1) The organized labor movement in the Ulsan region emerged after the Great Workers Struggle of 1987, and the process of working-class formation in the region, severely repressed by the authoritarian regime for a long time, has continued since then. Given the situation of a highly homogeneous class of tens of thousands of industrial workers in the region, especially those working for Hyundai and its subsidiaries, the labor offensive quickly broke down the authoritarian industrial relations and exploitive work rules. However, at the critical juncture of great labor protests and the wave of unionization after 1987, unionists in Ulsan failed to set up regional class-wide organizations that could transcend the boundaries of enterprise unionism and foster workers solidarity beyond the limits of individual workplaces.
As a result of the organizational legacies bequeathed by the critical juncture of the workers mobilization, regional labor movements in Ulsan hereafter tended to depend crucially upon enterprise unionism at one or two large-scale companies such as Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) and Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI), which belonged to the largest leading conglomerate (chaebol) in South Korea. In addition, without an effective organizational means of constraining the sectionalism of the workers in large enterprises, the once relatively common interests of workers were split apart mainly according to segmented labor markets and the market status of each company.
2) After the critical juncture of workers collective action, the class situation of industrial workers in Ulsan changed significantly during the 1990s. The overall changes can be summarized as spanning from homogeneity to heterogeneity, and undermining the social foundations of class solidarity.
Keeping pace with the gradual institutionalization of the collective bargaining system in the early 1990s, large-scale enterprise unions in Ulsan increasingly concentrated their resources on enterprise-level wage increase efforts by means of the militant mobilization of rank-and-file workers, which were the effective measures for making a working class within the severe constraints imposed by the labor-exclusive political regime and oppressive labor laws. Therefore, the core mechanism of working-class formation was to strengthen the interaction in the workplace between the union wage policy, which mainly aimed at wage-share maximization and internal wage leveling, and the active participation of rank-and-file workers during the mobilization process. The militant mobilization strategy of enterprise unionism was so successful that wages increased dramatically, wage differentials among union members were considerably reduced, and company welfare programs were vastly expanded.
However, there was a dark side of the politics of wage increase efforts by large-scale enterprise unions, specifically intensified market segmentation and heterogeneity in the class situation among the working-class in general, which gradually encroached on the social foundations of class-wide solidarity. After all, industrial workers in Ulsan were too heterogeneous to assume that they may belong to the same social category in terms of the class situation.
3) A profound transformation of the life-worlds of industrial workers at large companies was brought about during the 1990s. As their family life-styles and consumption patterns reached the level of middle-class families, we can say that the embourgeoisement of the manual workers, which was well-known in Western Europe and the US during the 1950s-1960s, appeared in Korea. From the life-courses of the first generation of Korean industrial workers, who had long been regarded as occupying a low and unrespectable status, living a stable life with material affluence and financial security was considered as independent evidence of upwardly mobility of their social position.
However, the embourgeoisement of workers living standards could be maintained in exchange for their hard work in factories, where they had to work very long hours with day/night shiftwork at regular intervals. It was not his home or family but the factory around which the lives of male industrial workers mainly revolved. Therefore, social identities of industrial workers were constructed in the cultural gap between the factory-worlds with painful manual labor and the life-worlds with the living standards of middle-class families. As long as these the cultural gap widened, the instrumental collectivism was likely to prevail over the solidaristic collectivism in the industrial workers orientation towards collective action and labor unionism.
4) After the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and subsequent drastic restructurings, the process of class formation entered the stage of class transformation on the way to its dissolution. Three aspects of class transformation are as follows:
First, the collective identities of industrial workers in large companies were changed into rather exclusive identities, and large-scale enterprise unionism was inclined to choose the strategy of social closure rather than of class solidarity. At the core of the change, there was an organizational exclusion against thousands of in-house subcontracted workers, who has been discriminated against unfairly on the grounds of their employment status in spite of performing jobs that were identical or similar to those of regular workers.
Secondly, there were changes in wage policy of the large-scale labor unions during the 2000s. Unions quests for the wage-share maximization were pursued by means of industrial cooperation with management or via performance-based pay systems, which had been desperately opposed by the labor unionists themselves during the 1990s. In addition, as in-house subcontracted workers were organized independently and began to make legitimate claims for equal pay for equal work, the existing wage-leveling policy of regular workers unions needed to be modified substantially in order to promote greater wage equity among the various types of workers in the same factory. However, it was just a partial and limited acceptance of the wage equity principle actually enacted by the regular workers union. As a result, unionism at large factories was faced with a serious crisis of legitimacy.
Finally, the patterns of the collective action of industrial workers at large companies were also transformed during the 2000s. Their characteristics can be summarized as follows: an overall decrease in the frequency of protests, moderation of the repertoire of protests, the decline of the solidary culture of protests and the routinization of strike activities. In contrast, there were sudden rises in the number of protests by workers who had scarcely raised their voices previously in the Ulsan region, such as workers in small and medium-sized enterprises, non-regular workers and public sector employees. The overall changes in workers collective actions indicated a gradual shift in the agents of labor movements.
5) Ultimately, we conclude that working-class transformation was an effect of a heterogeneous class situation and a segmented labor market in the context of decentralized class organization, i.e., enterprise unionism. Under such a condition, industrial workers and their unions in large firms tended to defend their own exclusive interests rather than to promote solidarity with other workers and labor unions in different sectors, industries, and workplaces. At present, trapped in a vicious cycle at the intersection of heterogeneity and decentralization, the Korean working-class has undergone a gradual transformation towards class dissolution. In the long run, whether labor movements in Korea will be able to make a more solidaristic working class or the dissolved one depends upon their capacity and willingness to foster solidarity within segmentation.
Key Words: working-class, class formation, class transformation, Ulsan, unionism, solidarity, instrumental collectivismDocto
μμ μ£Όμμ λΉλ―Όμ μ± μ μ΄λ μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬ : μκ΅μ μμ ꡬλΉλ²(1834)μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ¬ννκ³Ό,2002.Maste
(The) Effects on Design Factors for Water Quality and Management in A Rainwater Storage Tank
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :건μ€ν경곡νλΆ, 2009.2.Maste
A Study for the Development of the Teacher Burnout Inventory(TBI)
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ μ°λ¦¬λλΌ κ΅μ¬λ₯Ό μν μ¬λ¦¬μ μμ§ μΈ‘μ λꡬλ₯Ό κ°λ°νλ κ²μΌλ‘ μΈ‘μ λꡬμ λ¬Ένμ ꡬμ±νκ³ νλΉλμ μ λ’°λλ₯Ό νμΈνμλ€. μ νμ°κ΅¬ κ²ν , λ©΄λ΄μ‘°μ¬, κ°λ°©ν μ€λ¬Έμ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μλ£λ₯Ό μμ§νμ¬ κ°λ
μ°Έμ‘°νμ ꡬμ±νκ³ μ΄λ₯Ό ν λλ‘ κΈ°μ΄λ¬Ένμ μμ±νμμΌλ©° λ¬ΈνμΆμΆμ‘°μ¬, μλΉμ‘°μ¬ λ° λ³Έμ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μνμλ€. μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Ό κ°λ°λ κ΅μ¬μ μ¬λ¦¬μ μμ§ μΈ‘μ λꡬ(Teacher Burnout Inventory, TBI)λ 5μμΈ, 22λ¬ΈνμΌλ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘μΌλ©° μΆμΆλ κ΅μ¬μ μ¬λ¦¬μ μμ§ νμ ꡬμ±μμΈμ κ΅κΆμ λν μκΈ°κ°, 무λ₯κ°, μ’μ κ°, νμ μ
무 λΆλ΄κ°, κ΅μ§ νμκ°μ΄λ€. κ°λ°λ λꡬλ μ λ’°λ λΆμ, νμΈμ μμΈλΆμκ³Ό μλ ΄ λ° λ³λ³νλΉλ κ²μ¦μ ν΅ν΄ νλΉλμ κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ μνμλ€. λꡬμ λ¬Ένλ΄μ μΌμΉλλ μ 체 Cronbach's Ξ±κ°μ΄ .92μ΄λ©° νμμμλ³ μ λ’°λλ .69μμ .87μ λ²μμ μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. λ°λΆμ λ’°λλ μ 체μμ .93μ κ°μ 보μμΌλ©° νμμμλ³λ‘ .70μμ .87μ λ²μμ μμ΄ TBIκ° μμ μ μΈ μ²λμμ νμΈνμλ€. λν λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ μμμ μμ¬μ μ λ
Όμνμλ€.
The objective of this study is to develop psychological burnout inventory by targeting teachers of our country. Research problem for achieving this objective is first, how question items for TBI is composed and second, what is validity and reliability of TBI. Data of psychological burnout was collected by performing interview survey, open-ended questionnaire by targeting the teachers after reviewing preceding studies for question item composition of inventory. Based on the result of contents analysis for collected data, reference of psychological burnout concept for the teachers was composed and preliminary survey and main survey was performed. As it result, TBI was composed of 5 factor structures and 22 question items. It was confirmed that TBI was Subordinate composition factors of sampled teacher's psychological burnout were 5 areas including 'a sense of crisis for teacher's authority', 'a sense of incompetency', 'frustration', 'a sense of burden for administrative business' and 'doubt for teaching profession'. In case of internal consistency of items, it was revealed that total Cronbach's alpha value was .92 and reliability by each subordinate area was in the range of .69-.87 and split-half reliability showed .93 as a whole and its reliability by each subordinate area was in the range of .70-.87 and from this result, it could be seen that TBI was a stable inventory. Significance and implication of this study based on the result verified in this study was discussed