27 research outputs found

    A study on resistive switching phenomenon in Ge-Sb-Te thin film

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€(ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ), 2014. 2. ํ™ฉ์ฒ ์„ฑ.ํ†ต์นญ GST ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Ge, Sb, Te ์˜ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ธต์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์นผ์ฝ”์ œ๋‚˜์ด๋“œ ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. GST ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ถ•์†Œํ™” ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง‘์  ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†Œ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ, RESET ๊ณผ์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์  ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ, ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” GST ์—์„œ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” GST ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํฌ๋กœ์Šค๋ฐ” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ Ti/Ge2Sb2Tex/Pt (x=5 or 7) ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ GST ์—์„œ์˜ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ Te ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ Ge2Sb2Te7 ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ Te ์ด ์†Œ์ž ๊ตฌ๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋‘ ์†Œ์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ €ํ•ญ๋น„(RHRS/RLRS)๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‹จ๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ์กฐ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋‚˜, Te ์กฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ electroforming ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์€ ์ „๊ทน ๋ฉด์  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ €์ €ํ•ญ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์€ ์ „๊ทน ๋ฉด์  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์ž๋Š” ์ €์ €ํ•ญ์ƒํƒœ์„œ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋„๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ(dฯƒ/dT>0)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์˜จ๋„์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „๋„์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ GST ์—์„œ์˜ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ์˜ Te ์›์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋™์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, HRTEM ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก i Table of contents iii List of Figures vi List of Table xi 1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 3 2.1 GST์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ 3 2.1.1 ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 6 2.1.1.1 ๊ฒฐ์ •์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 6 2.1.1.2 ๋น„์ •์งˆ์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 9 2.1.2 ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 11 2.1.2.1 ๋น„์ •์งˆ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์˜ ์ „์ž ์ƒํƒœ 11 2.1.2.2 GST ์˜ ์ „์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ 13 2.2 ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ 15 2.2.1 ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 15 2.2.2 ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ 17 2.2.2.1 ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋ธ 17 2.2.2.2 ๊ณ„๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ธ 21 2.2.3 GST ์—์„œ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ 21 2.2.3.1 Ovonic Threshold Switching (OTS) 24 2.2.3.2 ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๋กœ์„œ์˜ GST 28 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 3.1 ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์žฅ๋น„ 29 3.2 ์†Œ์ž ์ œ์ž‘ 31 3.3๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 3.3.1 ํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 33 3.3.2 ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 33 3.3.3 ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 33 4. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 35 4.1 GST ์ธต์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ถ„์„ 35 4.2 ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™ 39 4.2.1 ์ „๋ฅ˜-์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ 39 4.2.2 Te ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 43 4.3 ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ถ„์„ 45 4.3.1 ์ „๊ทน ๋ฉด์  ์˜์กด์„ฑ 45 4.3.2 LRS ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ 49 4.3.3 ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ 54 4.3.4 TEM ๋ถ„์„ 60 4.4 ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 69 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  74 Appendix 75 References 81 Abstract (in English) 86Maste

    Electrical Switching Characteristics of Chalcogenide Thin Films

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ํ™ฉ์ฒ ์„ฑ.์นผ์ฝ”์ œ๋‚˜์ด๋“œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฑฐ๋™ โ€“ ํ†ต์นญ OTS ๋˜๋Š” Ovonic Threshold Switching ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋˜๋Š” memory switching ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ํ˜น์€ Electrochemical Metallization ์—์„œ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ด์˜จ ์ „๋„๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ โ€“ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งค๊น€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์นผ์ฝ”์ œ๋‚˜์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ์‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ „๊ทน (Ti ๋ฐ Pt) ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋น„์ •์งˆ Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” (BRS) ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์ €ํ•ญ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ (HRTEM) ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ •์งˆ GST ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋‚ด์— ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋„์„ฑ Te ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „๋„ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ €ํ•ญ ์ƒํƒœ (LRS) ์˜ ์ „๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋†’์€ ์ €ํ•ญ ์ƒํƒœ (HRS) ์˜ ์ „๋„๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ์ „์ฒด ๋ฉด์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ Poole-Frenkel ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ด์˜จํ™”๋œ Te ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด Te ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Te ์ด์˜จ์€ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน ๊ณ„๋ฉด์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์–‡์€ (~5nm) Te ์ธต์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, Ge-Sb-Te ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๋ฐ Ge-Sb-Se-Te ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„์˜ ์›์ž์ธก ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์ด์˜ ๋†’์€ step coverage ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์†Œ์ž๋กœ์˜ ์‘์šฉ, ํŠนํžˆ 3D ์ˆ˜์ง ์†Œ์ž์—์˜ ์‘์šฉ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Ge(OEt)4, Sb(OEt)3, (Me3Si)2Te ๋ฐ (Me3Si)2Se ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Ge-Te, Sb-Te ๋ฐ Sb-Se ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ pseudo-binary ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋Ÿ‰๋ก ์  ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ 2-terminal MIM ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์ด threshold field (Fth) ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์†Œ์ž ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ endurance ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์†Œ์ž ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. Ge : Sb ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” threshold field ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด endurance ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, Se ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด endurance ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, threshold field ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์ธ ์ดˆ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ GST ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด‘ํ•™์  ๋Œ€๋น„์™€ ๊ทธ ์‘์šฉ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธต์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ GST ์˜ ์ƒ์ „์ด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GST ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต ์ ์ธต ๋ฐ ๊ฐ ์ธต์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ „์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ฐฉ์ƒ‰๋œ ๊ธฐํŒ ์ƒ์— ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ 1์ธต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ GST (< 10nm) ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” GST ์ธต์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ณ€์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” transfer-matrix ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ „๋„์„ฑ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.Chalcogenide materials have gained tremendous attentions since early report by S. Ovshinksy due to its unique electrical switching characteristics including volatile switching often referred as Ovonic Threshold Switching (OTS), non-volatile switching involving phase change also known as memory switching, and electrochemical metallization (ECM) where chalcogenide is utilized as solid electrolyte based on its high ion conductivity, which establish themselves as key materials for optical storage as well as next-generation non-volatile memory application. In this study, detailed studies and application of electrical switching behavior of chalcogenide thin films are presented. First, the mechanism of bipolar resistive switching (BRS) of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin film sandwiched between inert electrodes (Ti and Pt) was examined. Typical bipolar resistive switching behavior with a high resistance ratio (~103) and reliable switching characteristics was achieved. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of conductive Te-filament bridging between the top and bottom electrodes through an amorphous GST matrix. The conduction mechanism analysis showed that the low-resistance state was semiconducting and dominated by band transport, whereas Poole-Frenkel conduction governed the carrier transport in the high-resistance state. Thus, the BRS behavior can be attributed to the formation and rupture of the semiconducting Te bridge through the migration of the Te ions in the amorphous GST matrix under a high electric field. The Te ions are provided by the thin (~5nm) Te-rich layer formed at the bottom electrode interface. Second, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Ge-Sb-Te ternary and Ge-Sb-Se-Te quaternary thin films are studied for its possible application to selection device, especially for 3D vertical device utilizing high step coverage capability of ALD. The binary film of Ge-Te, Sb-Te and Sb-Se and its pseudo-binary and pseudo-ternary compounds, namely ternary Ge-Sb-Te and quaternary Ge-Sb-Se-Te films were deposited using Ge(OEt)4, Sb(OEt)3, (Me3Si)2Te and (Me3Si)2Se precursors and their self-limited saturation behavior were examined. The composition of pseudo-binary and pseudo-ternary compounds was confirmed to be consist of stoichiometric binary GeTe2, Sb2Te3 and Sb2Se3. The various composition were tested by two-terminal MIM structure device to examine the effect of composition of each elements on switching parameter such as threshold field (Fth) as well as reliability characteristics such as cycling endurance. It was found that variation in Ge : Sb ratio leads to modulation of threshold field while cycling endurance was scarcely improved. On the other hands, increasing Se concentration resulted in great improvement in cycling endurance up to 105 cycle while threshold field was almost unaffected. Third, the phase change behavior in multiple layer of the ultrathin GST film and consequent optical contrast and its application are presented. The multiple color appearance is basically based on large optical shift originated from the phase transition of multiple ultrathin GST films separated by the dielectric oxide barrier layer. The stacking of multiple layer of GST film and selective phase transition of each layer results in the modification of the strong interference effect and concomitant variable color appearance. It is shown that the reflective static color optical coating whose color can be switched is realized by stacking of more than one layer of ultrathin (< 10nm) GST on the colored substrate. The gradual shift in reflectance spectral position is resulted from the selective phase transition of GST layers and confirmed by optical transfer matrix simulation. Also, the feasibility of nanoscale image recording by static color switching is demonstrated by conductive atomic force microscopy.Ph.D. DISSERTATION ๏ผ‘ Abstract i Table of Contents iv List of Figures vii List of Tables xiv List of Abbreviations xv 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Electrical switching behavior in chalcogenide 1 1.1.1. Phase change behavior 8 1.1.2. Solid electrolytic switching behavior 17 1.1.3. Ovonic threshold switching behavior 19 1.2. Objective and Chapter Overview 22 1.3. Bibliography 23 2. Bipolar resistive switching behavior of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films without phase change 27 2.1. Introduction 27 2.2. Experimental Procedures 32 2.3. Results and Discussions 37 2.4. Summary 55 2.5. Bibliography 56 3. Ovonic threshold switching behavior of Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films deposited by Atomic layer deposition 60 3.1. Introduction 60 3.2. Experimental 64 3.3. Results and Discussions 71 3.4. Summary 96 3.5. Bibliography 97 4. Phase change behavior of multiple layer of ultrathin Ge2Sb2Te5 film and its application to multi-color changeable optical coating 103 4.1. Introduction 103 4.2. Experimental 106 4.3. Results and Discussions 108 4.4. Summary 122 4.5. Bibliography 123 5. Conclusion 125 Curriculum Vitae 127 List of publications 130 Abstract (in Korean) 142Docto
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