51 research outputs found

    Evaluating the Efficiency and Returns to Scale of Local Public Enterprises: An Application of the Directional Distance Function Model to Local Sewage Utilities in Korea

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž…์‚ฐ์ถœ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ (nonoriented) ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต๊ฐ€๋ณ€(VRS) ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ชจํ˜•(directional distance function model) ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ 69๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜ํšจ ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž…๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 69๊ฐœ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…์‚ฐ์ถœ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜, ์ตœ์†Œ์น˜ ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 77.08%, 24.08%, 100%, 33.33%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ตœ์ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ์ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 12๊ฐœ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์ฒด์ฆ(IRS) ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด 45๊ฐœ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์ฒด๊ฐ(DRS) ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์ฒด์ฆ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์ฒด๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. This study analyzed the operational efficiency, input inefficiency, output inefficiency, and returns to scale of local public enterprises at sixty-nine local sewage utilities in local Korean governments using a non-oriented variable returns to scale directional distance function model that maximizes outputs and minimizes inputs. The results of the analysis show that the mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum of the sixty-nine sewage utilities are 77.08%, 24.08%, 100%, and 33.33%, respectively. The empirical results of the inputs and outputs inefficiencies indicate that most of the inefficiencies of sewage utilities are due to inputs rather than outputs. The results of the scale efficiency analysis show that most sewage utilities do not operate at optimal levels. The results of the analysis of the returns to scale of sewage utilities with an inefficient scale of operations reveal that twelve sewage utilities operate with increasing returns to scale, while forty-five operate with decreasing returns to scale. These results imply that sewage utilities operating with increasing returns to scale need to be expanded, while those operating with decreasing returns to scale should be reduced

    Ranking analysis of efficient decision-making units in data envelopment analysis for evaluating the efficiency of the public sector

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ถ„์„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋‹จ์œ„๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Andersen-Petersen(AP)๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ํ›„, AP๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž”์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ง€ํ‘œ(Super-SBM)๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํšจ์œจ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ AP๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํˆฌ์ž…์‚ฐ์ถœ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ(slacks)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹คํ–‰๋ถˆ๋Šฅํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํˆฌ์ž…์‚ฐ์ถœ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹คํ–‰๋ถˆ๋Šฅํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์ž”์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ง€ํ‘œ(Super_SBM)๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž…์‚ฐ์ถœ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋ผ๋„ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” CCR๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ BCC๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, Super-SBM๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” CCR๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ BCC๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. This study evaluated whether major previous studies of the non-parametric efficiency measurement of the Korean public sector allowed for a ranking of plural efficient decision-making units themselves, reviewed the radial measure of super-efficiency for ranking efficient units, suggested the non-radial slacks-based measure of super-efficiency(Super-SBM), and then performed a ranking analysis of the twelve metropolitan development corporations in Korea using the slacks-based measure of super-efficiency. Since the traditional method based on the radial measure, e.g. Andersen-Petersen (AP) model has the fundamental problems of measuring super-efficiency without taking account of the existence of slacks in inputs and outputs as well as of producing infeasible solutions in the presence of plural efficient units in data envelopment analysis, we need to measure the exact amount of efficiency and inefficiency of the public sector and rank many efficient units exactly through the slacks-based measure of super- efficiency founded on the non-radial measure, e.g. the slacks-based measure of efficiency( SBM), which has the advantages of dealing with input and output slacks directly. While CCR model and BCC model can't discriminate plural efficient units and don't increase the amount of inputs in efficient units, Super-SBM model can rank lots of efficient units and produce useful management informations that units remain efficient even if the amount of some inputs increase in highly efficient units with super- efficiency scores greater than 1. This will contribute to changing the perspectives of existing research that has measured the efficiency of the public sector using CCR model or BCC model

    Evaluating the productivity of local public development projects

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 25๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ง์˜๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜• ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ 1995๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2002๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒจ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์ (non-radial)์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ถœ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ด Malmquist ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์š”์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆœํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  13.5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  2.6% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 10.6% ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„๋ณด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆœํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  3.5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ 0.9% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šด์˜์ƒ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ตœ์ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ ์ •ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ •๋ณดํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ณธ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ตฌ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Using the non-radial and output-oriented Malmquist productivity index over the panel data from 1995 through 2002 of the twenty five local public development projects in Korea, this study measured total factor productivity change and its components, which are composed of technical efficiency change, technological change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change, and suggested policy implications for enhancing the productivity of local public development projects and establishing performance evaluation systems for their efficient management. The empirical results are as follows. First, an annual productivity showed an increase of 13.5%. Second, an annual technical efficiency increased by 2.6%, while an annual technological change showed a progress of 10.6%, which implies that the productivity improvements are mainly caused by technological advances rather than the betterment of operational efficiency. Third, pure technical efficiency increased at an annual rate of 3.5%, whereas scale efficiency decreased by 0.9%. This indicates that the managerial efficiency of local public development projects is not only low, but they do not also operate on an optimal scale. Policy implications of these results are that to improve the productivity of local public development projects requires the persistent managerial innovations and sale optimization of local public development projects, the build-up of local public development projects information system, the specialization of administrative personnels, the efficient operation of invested capital, and the self-help effort to diversify local public development projects.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2003๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ(KRF-2003-041-B00616)

    Evaluating the Operational Efficiency of Local Medical Centers in Korea

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ณ‘์›์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์ถœ์š”์†Œ์— ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ 34๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์œ„ํƒ์˜๋ฃŒ์›๊ณผ ์ง์˜์˜๋ฃŒ์› ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ํ›„ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›๋“ค์„ 10๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 29.4%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 34๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด 75.27%์ด๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 25.32%์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์œ„ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” 4๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ท ์ด 68.36%์ธ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง์˜์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” 30๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 76.20%์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์œ„ํƒ๊ณผ ์ง์˜ ๊ฐ„์— ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์š”์†Œ์— ์Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต๊ฐ€๋ณ€(VRS) ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…์š”์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์œ ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. This study reviewed prior studies that measured the opetational efficiency of public hospitals, formulated a data envelopment analysis model for measuring the operational efficiency of local medical centers, measured the pure technical efficiency of the thirty-four local medical centers in Korea with publicness as one of the outputs included, tested mean difference in efficiency between contracted-out and government-managed local medical centers, and then provided reference groups and target values for inefficient local medical centers. Efficient local medical centers account for 29.4% of the total number of local medical centers. The mean and standard deviation of operational efficiency were shown to be 75.27% and 25.32%, respectively. There is a considerable difference in operational efficiency among the thirty- four local medical centers. The mean efficiency of the four contracted-out local medical centers is 68.36%, while that of the thirty local medical centers under government management is 76.20%, which indicates here is no significant difference between the two. There are several implications of this study. First, publicness needs to be included in evaluating the operational efficiency of local medical centers. Second, when some inputs and outputs include negative data, a variable-returns-to-scale(VRS) data envelopment analysis model needs to be used. Third, some inputs and outputs should not overlap in analyzing the efficiency of local medical centers

    Evaluating the Efficiency of Public Libraries: A Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis

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    ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜๋ฏธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋žฉ ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋žฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ถ”์ •์น˜(bootstrapped efficiency estimates)์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋žฉ ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ต์œก์ฒญ ์†Œ๊ด€์˜ 19๊ฐœ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„, ์šด์˜๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, 19๊ฐœ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 19๊ฐœ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋žฉ ํŽธ์˜์กฐ์ • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 76.82%์ด๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋Š” 15.65%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ณ  ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด 56.60%์ด๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋Š” 16.18%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด์˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ต์ฒด์ฆ(IRS) ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. Bootstrapped efficiency estimates and confidence intervals need to be measured using the bootstrap data envelopment analysis model because efficiency scores calculated by the traditional data envelopment analysis model have deterministic characteristics and the limitation of not having statistical significance. This study analyzed the technical efficiencies, their determinants and scale efficiencies of the nineteen public libraries managed by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education in 2006 using a bootstrap data envelopment analysis, and then estimated returns to scale to examine the nature of scale inefficiencies. The empirical results show that the greater the population of a district in which a particular public library is located, the higher the efficiency of a particular public library, and that there are large differences in the technical efficiency among the nineteen public libraries. The mean and standard deviation of bootstrapped bias-corrected efficiency scores are 76.82% and 15.65%, respectively. In addition, the scale efficiencies of public libraries tend to be low and indicate large differences among them. The mean and standard deviation of scale efficiencies are 56.60% and 16.18%, respectively. Public libraries with an inefficient scale of operation indicate an operation in an area of increasing returns to scale, which implies the operating scale of inefficient public libraries needs to be expanded to the optimal scale

    An Empirical Study on Management by Business Policy

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