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    ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์˜ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021.8. ์†ก์„์œค.Korean Constitution uses the word โ€œequalizationโ€ four times in all. First of all, the preamble of the Constitution reiterate the emphasis on equalization by โ€œโ€ฆEqualize the opportunities of every person in all fields of politics, economy, society, and culture, and โ€ฆInside, we are trying to equalize improvement of our lives.โ€ The Constitution states that โ€œall citizens shall have the right to be educated equally corresponding to their abilitiesโ€ (Article 31(1)), and that โ€œElection campaigns shall be conducted under the management of the election commissions at each level within the limit set by Act. But equalized opportunity shall be guaranteedโ€ (Article 116(1)). In addition, the economic chapter uses the word โ€œbalanceโ€ five times, although it does not use the term โ€œequalize,โ€ emphasizing balanced development among economic players and balanced development and use of the land (Article 119(2), 120(2), 123(4)). The Concept of equalization that is a core value specified in the preamble of the current Constitution, and re-emphasized in education, election provisions and economic chapters, can be found in Cho So-Ang's โ€œThree Equalization Principle.โ€ It is surprising that the study of political philosophy, legal philosophy, and constitutional thought about the meaning of equalization were meager considering that Three Equalization Principle was adopted as the dominant ideology of the Provisional Government of Korea, and much of it was reflected in the first constitution, leading to the phrase โ€œequalizationโ€ to the current constitution. This paper aims to discover the concept of equalization that have not yet been explored in earnest or actively interpreted and seek its use. Japanese colonial era, where Cho So-Ang formed and established the Three Equalization Principle, is the era that we lost national sovereignty due to Japanese imperialistโ€™s invasion, and the people were subjected to political abuses, economic exploitation, and educational oppression. At that time, independence activists faced two contemporary tasks: restoring national sovereignty from Japan on the one hand and revolutionizing feudalistic customs on the other. Cho So-Ang re-established the ideology of independence movement and foundation a country as a language of discrimination and equality by recognizing these issues as a matter of discrimination in three areas: political, economic, education and three layers: individual, ethnic, national. Chapter 2 identifies the historical process in which the concept of โ€œequalizationโ€ emerged under the Constitution by tracking the process of forming and establishing Three Equalization Principle by Cho So-Ang and examining the contents of the Three Equalization Principle reflected in the โ€œPrinciples and Plans for National Reconstructionโ€(1941) and Korean constitution(1948). However, Three Equalization Principle was not implemented as a dominant ideology anywhere in the North and South amid the historical turmoil after liberation. Although the term โ€œequalizationโ€ can be found throughout the current constitution, it is hard to say that it has been maintained fully with the practical meaning that Cho So-Ang originally intended to realize through Three Equalization Principle. Chapter 3 examines how the concept of equalization can be understood by attempting a unified interpretation of equalization concepts based on the structure and content of Three Equalization Principle and looking over the educational equalization that Cho So-ang particularly emphasized. It also explores ways to revive the historical meaning of equalization by confirming that the concept of equalization in Three Equalization Principle can capture much of the demands of recognition equality and substantive equality, which can be called the spirit of the times. This is also the starting point for the work to revive the phrase โ€œequalizationโ€ that has been solidified like fossils in the current constitution, which has lost its original meaning. Finally, It explore the implications of interpreting the current constitution through the concept of equalization. The desire for equality becomes strongest in the most unequal ages, and the demand for justice erupts most in the most unjust ages. Japanese colonial era, where Cho So-Ang spent his life, was an unfortunate time of discrimination and subjugation in all dimensions of individual, ethnic, national, and political, economic, and education. Just as the desire for freedom and equality that erupted in such an age of negativity has created a systematic theory of Three Equalization Principle, I hope that rediscovery the concept of equalization in constitution can be taken as a timely approach today, which is the era of unprecedented inequality throughout world history.์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์€ โ€˜๊ท ๋“ฑโ€™(ๅ‡็ญ‰)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ค ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ „๋ฌธ์€ โ€œโ€ฆ์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒยท๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ท ๋“ฑํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ , โ€ฆ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ โ€ฆโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์€ โ€œ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.โ€๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๊ท ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ (์ œ31์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ), โ€œ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šด๋™์€ ๊ฐ๊ธ‰ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์— ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋˜, ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ œ116์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ๊ท ๋“ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ โ€˜๊ท ํ˜•โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ ค ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฃผ์ฒด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ตญํ† ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€ง์ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ œ119์กฐ ์ œ2ํ•ญ, ์ œ120์กฐ ์ œ2ํ•ญ, ์ œ122์กฐ, ์ œ123์กฐ ์ œ2ํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ œ4ํ•ญ). ํ˜„ํ–‰ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ „๋ฌธ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ด์ž ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์กฐํ•ญ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์˜ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ์›์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์ž„์‹œ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ด๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ œํ—Œํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ํ˜„ํ–‰ํ—Œ๋ฒ•๊นŒ์ง€ โ€˜๊ท ๋“ฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ธ์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ฒ ํ•™, ๋ฒ•์ฒ ํ•™, ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ ๋ฐ” ์—†๋Š” ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์ด ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ์ผ์ œ๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ์นจํƒˆ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ถŒ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜์  ์œ ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜ํƒˆ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์  ํƒ„์••์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตญ๊ถŒ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ด€์Šต์„ ํ˜ํŒŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ž์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ธโ€ง๋ฏผ์กฑโ€ง๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธต์œ„ ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜โ€ง๊ฒฝ์ œโ€ง๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋…์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด, ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์ด ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑโ€ง์ •๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๊ตญ๊ฐ•๋ น ๋ฐ ์ œํ—Œํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ โ€˜๊ท ๋“ฑโ€™ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒฉ๋ž‘ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋ถ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ง€๋„์ด๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ํ˜„ํ–‰ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๊ท ๋“ฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ํ”์ ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›๋ž˜ ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์ด ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ด์ง€ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ œ3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ผ์  ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ท ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€ ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ •์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ •์  ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ํ˜„ํ–‰ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ํ™”์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตณ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๊ท ๋“ฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ธ์— ์˜จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„ํ–‰ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์—ด๋ง์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ •์˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์ด ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ผ์ œ๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์†๋˜์–ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ์„ ๊พธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์˜์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ถ„์ถœํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋ง์ด ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ก€์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์‹œ์˜์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ถœํ˜„ 9 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 1. ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์˜ ์ƒ์• ์™€ ์ €์ˆ  10 ๊ฐ€. ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์˜ ์ƒ์•  10 ๋‚˜. ์กฐ์†Œ์•™์˜ ์ €์ˆ  15 2. ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 17 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ 18 ๋‚˜. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ 23 3. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 26 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ฐœ 31 1. ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ 31 2. ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ โ€“ ๊ฑด๊ตญ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 40 ๊ฐ€. ๊ท ๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜ 40 ๋‚˜. ์ œ๋„์™€ ์ •์ฑ… 43 3. ๊ฑด๊ตญ๊ฐ•๋ น ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ๋…ผ์Ÿ 45 4. ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ •๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์šด๋™ 48 5. ์ œํ—Œํ—Œ๋ฒ•์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 50 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 56 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 59 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ท ๋“ฑ 59 1. ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 59 2. ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋… 60 3. ๋™์ผ์ถœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒํ‰๋“ฑ 62 4. ์ข…์†์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ 65 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ต์œก ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 69 1. ๊ต์œก ๊ท ๋“ฑ๋ก ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 69 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ถ„ 69 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 73 2. ๊ต์œก ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ต์œก 77 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 79 1. ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ท ๋“ฑ 80 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ์ •์  ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ 80 ๋‚˜. ์ ๊ทน์  ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์ฒญ 83 ๋‹ค. ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์˜์˜ 85 2. ํ˜„ํ–‰ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ํ•ด์„์—์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  87 ๊ฐ€. ๊ท ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 87 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ด์„ 89 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 100 ์ œ4์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  101 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 101 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  103 [๋ณ„์ง€1] ์ž„์‹œ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ 107 [๋ณ„์ง€2] ์ œํ—Œํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ดํ›„ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์–ธ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 108 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 110 Abstract 117์„

    -2012~2016๋…„ ํ–‰์ •์•ˆ์ „๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2019. 2. ๊น€์ƒํ—Œ.The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of financial factors on the results of local public enterprises performance evaluation. An issue of fairness and equity of performance evaluation system of local public enterprises remains problematic as it is not clear whether the performance evaluation score is determined by external factors rather than organizations efforts to improve performance. In 2017, performance evaluation scores of local public enterprises were generally proportional to the financial capacity of local governments where local public enterprises were located. Also, in the process of establishing local public enterprises, local governments finance local public enterprises with a different amount of funds in accordance with their financial capacity. According to the Local Public Enterprises Act, local governments have a wide range of authority to control and support local public enterprises financially. In this context, it is plausible that performance evaluation scores are greatly affected by the financial status of local governments where local public enterprises are located. This study thus aims to carry out empirical analysis to test whether the financial status of local governments affects the performance evaluation results of local public enterprises. Using panel data covering 156 local public enterprises that are subject to 16 regional local governments and 96 basic local governments evaluated by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security from 2012 to 2016, the relationship between financial factors and performance evaluation scores will be examined. For methodology, the panel regression analysis using one-way random effect model is employed. Financial factors consist of local tax per capita, fiscal self-reliance ratio, and debt ratio of local governments. Control variables include organization sizes, types of an organization, a year when the organization was established, and the level of the local government. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, debt ratio has a significantly negative effect on performance evaluation results. Second, fiscal self-reliance ratio has a significantly positive effect on performance evaluation results. Third, local tax per capita has no significant effect on performance evaluation results. These results partially prove that financial factors of local governments work as environmental factors that affect performance evaluation scores of local public enterprises. However, the results show that local tax per capita is not statistically significant, whereas fiscal self-reliance ratio and debt ratio are statistically significant, and this suggests that fiscal sustainability and discretionary spending which can be connected to financial support play more crucial role in receiving higher scores in performance evaluation than income level of local governments. As financial factors are not considered in the current performance evaluation system, thus factors such as debt ratio and fiscal self-reliance ratio need to be considered in the performance indicators and rating grades process. For instance, the current performance indicator which only measures debt ratio of the organization could be replaced with the ratio of debt ratio of the organization to that of the local government. In addition, this study highlights an importance of grading groups within the sub-groups after classifying evaluated organizations into sub-groups according to the average fiscal self-reliance ratio. Fourth, as regards with control variables, total assets, an year when the organization was established, type2, and the level of the local government have a significantly positive effect on performance evaluation results. However, type1 has no significant effect on performance evaluation results. The results indicate that it is necessary to reflect the level of total assets of organizations on performance indicators such as the ratio of operating revenue to total assets and business revenue to total assets. Also, it is highly suggested that workshops for all local public enterprises be held regularly to share some knowledge and strategies of organizations which have long history. In addition, classifying local public enterprises subject to basic local governments into the same group with those subject to regional local governments should be avoided, meaning that they have to be moved in the separate group. The results that local government agencies receive higher scores than local government-managed enterprises are related to the fact that the percentage of performance indicators measuring profitability and productivity of local government agencies are lower than that of local government-managed enterprises and performance indicators of local government agencies mainly consist of indicators measuring publicness rather than profitability and productivity. Based on policy implications regarding research findings, we can identify and control the external environmental factors which cannot be improved by organizations efforts. It is also crucial to improve performance evaluation system continuously to make performance evaluation system which can better measure management improvement efforts and business performance accurately. This will enable performance evaluation system to give local public enterprises appropriate rewards or penalties based on these results. Despite these findings, the study still has some limitations including short time series, excluding local public enterprises evaluated by metropolitan cities and provinces, and the possibility of the existence of other financial factors which can cause omitted variable bias. Further studies that mitigate these issues should be followed in the future.์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ฐœ์„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2017๋…„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์† ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถœ์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2016๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–‰์ •์•ˆ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์ „๊ตญ 16๊ฐœ ๊ด‘์—ญ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ 96๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… 156๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์› ๊ฐœ์ฒด ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•(one-way random effect model)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 1์ธ๋‹น ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ, ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„, ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œ ํ˜•, ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์—ฐ๋„, ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ์€ ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— 1% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์Œ(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— 10% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์–‘(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— 10% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ, ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ ์€ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ•  ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์œ ์žฌ์›์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์‚ฐ์‹๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์†Œ์†๋œ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ•˜์œ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์œ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ตฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ž์‚ฐ์€ 5% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ, ์„ค๋ฆฝ์—ฐ๋„๋Š” 1% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ, ์œ ํ˜•2๋Š” 1% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ, ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 5% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์–‘(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์œ ํ˜•1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 10% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ž์‚ฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์˜์—…์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ์ด์ž์‚ฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜์ž… ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์ž์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์›Œํฌ์ƒต์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ด‘์—ญ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ตฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ง์˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ง์˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋น„์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ง€ํ‘œ ์ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ฐœ์„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์งง๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹œโ€ง๋„ ์ฃผ๊ด€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํŽธ์˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์›์ธ 6 1. ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ์ด๋ก  6 2. ๋ณธ์ธ-๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด๋ก  7 3. X-๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  7 4. ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ด๋ก  8 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 9 1. ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 9 2. ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ์—ญํ•  13 3. ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 14 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 22 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  28 1. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 29 2. ์ •์น˜์  ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 33 3. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 34 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 42 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 44 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 44 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 45 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 47 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ 50 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 50 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 51 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 54 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 59 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 59 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 62 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  74 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 74 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  76 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 80 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 83 Abstract 88Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์ตœ์˜์ฐฝ.2009๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ „ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฒด์œก๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๋‚ด์šฉ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์„ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์ฒด์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋กœ์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž„์šฉํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ต์œกํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž์™€ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” 3~4ํ•™๋…„ ์˜ˆ๋น„๊ต์‚ฌ 2๋ช…์„ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ด 5๋ช…์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž์™€ 10๋ช…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์™€ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž์™€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋จผ์ € ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.๋Š” ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ์–‘๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ํ•™์Šตํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”, ์šด๋™ํ™”๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šตํ™”๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ, ์˜์ƒ, ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ์ธ๋ฌธ์†Œ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋Š” ํ˜‘๋™ํ•™์Šต, ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•œ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ, ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ๊ธฐ, ์šฉ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ, ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šด๋™ํ™”๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์ธ๋ฌธ์  ํ™œ๋™, ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ์ฒด์œก์ˆ˜์—…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๊ต์–‘๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ์ „๊ณต๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์–‘๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ณต๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋จผ์ € ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…, ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ํ•™์Šตํ™” ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์šด๋™ํ™” ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šตํ™” ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์ธ์„ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์‹ค์ฒœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์‹์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด ์ข‹์€ ์ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™ํ™” ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฌธํ™” ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ฌธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋งŒ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋จผ์ € ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ํ•™์Šตํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ค๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šด๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šตํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ™”, ์ธ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋… ์„ค๋ช…, ์˜์ƒ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ œ, ์ธ๋ฌธ์  ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•™์Šต, ํ† ๋ก , ์—ญํ• ๋ถ€์—ฌ, ํ˜„์ง๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฉด๋‹ด, ํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๋„๋ก ์ž‘์„ฑ, ์ข‹์€ ์ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ์ž…๋ฌธ, ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ์ฒด์œก์ˆ˜์—…๋ชจํ˜•(์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ๋ชจํ˜•, ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๊ต์œก๋ชจํ˜•, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…๋ชจํ˜•)์ ์šฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๋ก , ํ˜„์žฅ์ฐธ๊ด€, ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์–ธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณต, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ค, ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ๋™์•ˆ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šตํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”, ์šด๋™ํ™”์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 4. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  6 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 1. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 7 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 7 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 8 1) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 9 2) ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ 14 3) ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž 15 4) ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต 15 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 1) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 2) ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 18 ๋ผ. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 1) ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 2) ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 3) ์ „๊ณต๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 24 2. ๊ต์‚ฌ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 26 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 26 ๋‚˜. ์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 28 1) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์  ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 30 2) ์‹ฌ๋ฒ•์  ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 33 3. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก 35 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 35 ๋‚˜. ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 36 ๋‹ค. ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก ์‹ค์ฒœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 37 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 41 ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ 41 ๋‚˜. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 42 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์„ ์ • 43 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 44 ๋‚˜. ์‹ฌ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 45 ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 46 ๋ผ. ์ฒด์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 46 ๋งˆ. ์ง€์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 47 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 47 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 49 ๊ฐ€. ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ฉด๋‹ด 50 ๋‚˜. ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ 51 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 52 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 52 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ถ„์„ 52 ๋‹ค. ๊ท€๋‚ฉ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ถ„์„ 53 ๋ผ. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™” 54 6. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ 54 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒ€ํ†  55 ๋‚˜. ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์˜ 55 ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ๊ฐ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋ฒ• 56 7. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ 56 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 57 1. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก ์–‘์ƒ 57 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด 59 1)์–‘๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธ์‹ 59 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด 61 1)์˜์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 63 2)์‹ฌ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 70 3)๊ฐ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 76 4)์ฒด์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 83 5)์ง€์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 89 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด 96 1)์˜์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 96 2)์‹ฌ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 99 3)๊ฐ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 101 4)์ฒด์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 103 5)์ง€์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 105 2. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก ๋ฌธ์ œ์  107 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด 108 1) ์ธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… 108 2) ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ํ˜ธ์†Œ 108 3) ๊ฐ€๋ฒ•์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  109 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด 110 1) ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๋ก  110 2) ์ฒด์œก๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์ˆ  111 3) ์ฒด์œก๊ต์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋„๋ฒ• 111 4) ์ „๊ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ 113 5) ์ „๊ณต์ด๋ก  114 6) ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก  114 7) ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ 115 8) ํ•™๊ตํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์Šต 116 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด 119 1) ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก 119 2) ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋งŒ ์œ„์›ํšŒ 122 3. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 123 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด 125 1) ์ธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  125 2) ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก 126 2) ์Šน๋ฒ•์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  126 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์  ์ธก๋ฉด 127 1) ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๋ก  127 2) ์ฒด์œก๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์ˆ  129 3) ์ฒด์œก๊ต์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋„๋ฒ• 130 4) ์ „๊ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ 131 5) ์ „๊ณต์ด๋ก  135 6) ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก  135 7) ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ 136 8) ํ•™๊ตํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์Šต 138 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด 141 1) ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก 141 2) ๋ช…์‹ค์ƒ๋ถ€ ์œ„์›ํšŒ 143 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 145 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  145 2. ์ œ์–ธ 148 ๊ฐ€. ์˜ˆ๋น„์ฒด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 148 ๋‚˜. ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 149 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 151 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 160 Abstract 170Maste

    ์ถ”๊ฐ„์ฒด ๊ณ ์ •์šฉ ์ผ€์ด์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ถœ์„ฑํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    Development of a real-time tidal volume monitoring device to guide optimal ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ด์ •์ฐฌ.์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ : ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜(real-time tidal volume montoring device, TVD)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ณผํ˜ธํก์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์ž์„ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ผํšŒ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต ํ์— ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ, ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ volume control mode๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ผ์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต, ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๊ต์ฐจ(randomized, cross-over) ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 14๋ช…์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹น 7๋ช…์”ฉ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜ ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋Œ€๋กœ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก์€ 70 kg ์„ฑ์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ผํšŒ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ 420-490 ml๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ wash-out ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋’ค, ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจ(cross-over)ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Primary outcome์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋‹น ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก์˜ ๋น„์œจ ์ฐจ์ด(the difference in the proportion of optimal ventilation per person between the control and TVD groups)๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ผ์น˜๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ผํšŒ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ difference-ratio๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์˜ 97.6%, 100%์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ยฑ 1.5%, ยฑ 2.5% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋‹น ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋‹น ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’(๋ฒ”์œ„)(median value(range))์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 37.5%(0.0โ€“65.0), 87.5%(65.0โ€“100.0)์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (p < 0.001). ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณผํ˜ธํก๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ณผํ˜ธํก์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 25.0%์™€ 8.9%๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (p < 0.001). ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผํ˜ธํก์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  4 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 1. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ (Development of a real-time tidal volume monitoring device, TVD) 5 2. ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ณด์ • (Device calibration) 13 3. ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (Device validation) 19 4. ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ (Manikin simulation) 19 5. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 24 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 25 1. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ (TVD validation) 25 2. ์ ์ • ํ˜ธํก์˜ ๋น„์œจ (Proportion of optimal ventilation per person) 28 3. ์ธก์ • ํ˜ธํก๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ (Distribution of hypoventilation, optimal ventilation, and hyperventilation) 35 4. ๊ณผํ˜ธํก์˜ ๋น„์œจ (Proportion of hyperventilation) 42 ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 48 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  52 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 53 Supplemental Data 59 ์ดˆ๋ก (์˜๋ฌธ) 62Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐ.์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2001.Maste
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